The Norton Introduction to Literature

2099 Pages·2015·24.875 MB·English

by  Kelly J. Mays

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THE NORTON INTRODUCTION TO
LITERATURE
SHORTER TWELFTH EDITION
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THE NORTON INTRODUCTION TO
LITER ATURE
SHORTER TWELFTH EDITION
KELLY J. MAYS
UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS
B
W. W. NORTON & COMPANY New York, London
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W. W. Norton & Company has been in de pen dent since its founding in 1923, when William
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section of this book, which begins on page A15.
The Library of Congress has cataloged an earlier edition as follows:
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
The Norton Introduction to Lit er a ture / [edited by] Kelly J. Mays,
University Of Nevada, Las Vegas. — Shorter Twelfth Edition.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-393-93892-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Lite r a ture—C ollections.
I. Mays, Kelly J., editor.
PN6014.N67 2016
808.8— dc23
2015034604
This edition: ISBN 978-0-393-62357-4
W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110
www .wwnorton .com
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W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., 15 Carlisle Street, London W1D 3BS
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Contents
Preface for Instructors xxv
Introduction 1
What Is Literature? 1
What Does Literature Do? 3
John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer 4
What Are the Genres of Literature? 4
Why Read Literature? 6
Why Study Literature? 8
Fiction
FICTION: READING, RESPONDING, WRITING 12
Anonymous, The Elephant in the Village of the Blind 13
READING AND RESPONDING TO FICTION 16
Linda Brewer, 20/20 16
SAMPLE WRITING: Annotation and Notes on “20/20” 17
Marjane Satrapi, The Shabbat (from Persepolis) 20
WRITING ABOUT FICTION 31
Raymond Carver, Cathedral 32
SAMPLE WRITING: Wesley Rupton, Notes on Raymond Carver’s
“Cathedral” 43
SAMPLE WRITING: Wesley Rupton, Response Paper on Raymond
Carver’s “Cathedral” 46
SAMPLE WRITING: Bethany Qualls, A Narrator’s Blindness in
Raymond Carver’s “Cathedral” 49
TELLING STORIES: AN ALBUM 53
Sherman Alexie, Flight Patterns 54
Grace Paley, A Conversation with My Father 67
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Grace Paley 72
tim o’brien, The Lives of the Dead 72
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vi CONTENTS
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT 85
1 PLOT 85
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, The Shroud 87
James Baldwin, Sonny’s Blues 93
Edith Wharton, Roman Fever 115
joyce carol oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have
You Been? 125
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Joyce Carol Oates 137
sample writing: ann warren, The Tragic Plot of
“A Rose for Emily” 139
INITIATION STORIES: AN ALBUM 145
Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson 146
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Toni Cade Bambara 152
Alice Munro, Boys and Girls 152
John Updike, A & P 163
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: John Updike 168
James Joyce, Araby 168
2 NARRATION AND POINT OF VIEW 174
Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado 178
Jamaica Kincaid, Girl 184
George Saunders, Puppy 186
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: George Saunders 192
jennifer egan, Black Box 193
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Jennifer Egan 216
3 CHARACTER 218
William Faulkner, Barn Burning 225
Toni Morrison, Recitatif 238
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Toni Morrison 252
David Foster Wallace, Good People 253
MONSTERS: AN ALBUM 261
Margaret Atwood, Lusus Naturae 262
Karen Russell, St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves 267
jorge luis borges, The House of Asterion 279
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Jorge Luis Borges 282
4 SETTING 284
-1— Italo Calvino, from Invisible Cities 286
0— Margaret Mitchell, from Gone with the Wind 286
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CONTENTS vii
Alice Randall, from Wind Done Gone 288
Anton Chekhov, The Lady with the Dog 290
Amy Tan, A Pair of Tickets 302
Judith Ortiz Cofer, Volar 316
william gibson, The Gernsback Continuum 318
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: William Gibson 327
SAMPLE WRITING: Steven Matview, How Setting Reflects
Emotions in Anton Chekhov’s “The Lady with the Dog” 329
5 SYMBOL AND FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE 334
Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Birth- Mark 339
A. S. Byatt, The Thing in the Forest 351
Edwidge Danticat, A Wall of Fire Rising 366
SAMPLE WRITING: Charles Collins, Symbolism in
“The Birth- Mark” and “The Thing in the Forest” 379
6 THEME 383
Aesop, The Two Crabs 383
Stephen Crane, The Open Boat 387
Gabriel García Márquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous
Wings: A Tale for Children 405
Yasunari Kawabata, The Grasshopper and the
Bell Cricket 410
junot díaz, Wildwood 413
CROSS- CULTURAL ENCOUNTERS: AN ALBUM 431
Bharati Mukherjee, The Management of Grief 432
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Bharati Mukherjee 445
Jhumpa Lahiri, Interpreter of Maladies 446
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Jhumpa Lahiri 461
David Sedaris, Jesus Shaves 462
EXPLORING CONTEXTS 467
7 THE AUTHOR’S WORK AS CONTEXT:
FLANNERY O’CONNOR 467
THREE STORIES BY FLANNERY O’CONNOR 470
A Good Man Is Hard to Find 470
Good Country People 481 —-1
Everything That Rises Must Converge 495 —0
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viii CONTENTS
PASSAGES FROM FLANNERY O’CONNOR’S ESSAYS AND LETTERS 506
CRITICAL EXCERPTS 510
Mary Gordon, from Flannery’s Kiss 510
Ann E. Reuman, from Revolting Fictions: Flannery O’Connor’s
Letter to Her Mother 513
Eileen Pollack, from Flannery O’Connor and the New
Criticism 516
8 CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXTS: WOMEN
IN TURN- OF- THE- CENTURY AMERICA 519
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour 523
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper 526
Susan Glaspell, A Jury of Her Peers 537
CONTEXTUAL EXCERPTS 554
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, from Similar Cases 554
from Women and Economics 555
Barbara Boyd, from Heart and Home Talks: Politics and Milk 556
Mrs. Arthur Lyttelton, from Women and Their Work 556
Rheta Childe Dorr, from What Eight Million Women Want 557
The New York Times, from Mrs. Delong Acquitted 558
The Washington Post, from The Chances of Divorce 558
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, from Why I Wrote “The Yellow
Wall-paper” 559
The Washington Post, The Rest Cure 559
from Egotism of the Rest Cure 559
9 CRITICAL CONTEXTS: TIM O’BRIEN’S
“THE THINGS THEY CARRIED” 562
tim o’brien, The Things They Carried 564
CRITICAL EXCERPTS 577
steven kaplan, The Undying Uncertainty of the Narrator
in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried 577
lorrie n. smith, “The Things Men Do”: The Gendered
Subtext in Tim O’Brien’s Esquire Stories 582
susan farrell, Tim O’Brien and Gender: A Defense
of The Things They Carried 592
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CONTENTS ix
READING MORE FICTION 599
Ambrose Bierce, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge 599
Ralph Ellison, King of the Bingo Game 605
louise erdrich, Love Medicine 612
william faulkner, A Rose for Emily 628
Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White Elephants 634
franz kafka, A Hunger Artist 638
Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh 645
guy de maupassant, The Jewelry 655
Herman Melville, Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall
Street 661
Eudora Welty, Why I Live at the P.O. 687
Poetry
POETRY: READING, RESPONDING, WRITING 698
DEFINING POETRY 699
Lydia Davis, Head, Heart 700
AUTHORS ON THEIR CRAFT: Billy Collins 701
POETIC SUBGENRES AND KINDS 702
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory 703
Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid 704
William Wordsworth, [I wandered lonely as
a cloud] 705
Frank O ’Hara, Poem [Lana Turner has collapsed] 706
Phillis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa
to America 707
Emily Dickinson, [The Sky is low—t he Clouds are mean] 708
Billy Collins, Divorce 708
Bruce Springsteen, Nebraska 709
Robert Hayden, A Letter from Phillis Wheatley 710
RESPONDING TO POETRY 712
Aphra Behn, On Her Loving Two Equally 712
WRITING ABOUT POETRY 719
SAMPLE WRITING: Names in “On Her Loving Two Equally” 720
SAMPLE WRITING: Multiplying by Dividing in Aphra Behn’s “On Her
Loving Two Equally” 722
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