The Nitrogen Fixation and its Research in China

607 Pages·1992·17.12 MB·English

by  Jiaxi Lu (auth.), Guo-Fan Hong (eds.)

Guo-Fan Hong (Ed.)
The Nitrogen Fixation
and its
Research in China
With 198 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Guo-Fan Hong
Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry
Academia Sinica, 320 Yue-Yang Road
Shanghai 200031, PR China
ISBN 978-3-662-10387-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Nitrogen fixation and its research m China , Guo-Fan Hong.
p. em.
ISBN 978-3-662-10387-6 ISBN 978-3-662-10385-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-10385-2
I. Nitrogen-Fixat1on. 2. Nitrogen-Fixation-Research-China.
I. Hong, Guo-Fan. QR89.7.N553 1992 589.9'0133- dc20 91-35220 CIP
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'0 Springer-Verlag Heidelberg 1992
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1992
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992
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Preface
Studies on nitrogen fixation have now been recognised as a
topic of high priority in Chinese scientific programmes, since
nitrogen fixation research is considered essential for helping
to solve the food problem in this country.
In China, more than half of the total nitrogen fertilizer
applied to cultivated fields comes from biological nitrogen
fixation sources. The area of cultivated lands involving
symbiotic associations between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and
plants has been estimated at 300000000mu (lmu=0.1647
acres), and these lands produced more than 1600000 tons of
biologically fixed nitrogen fertilizer, equal to the total amount
of chemical fertilizer used in 1970 in China. In addition, the
amount of nitrogen fixed by free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria
came to 7 000 000 tons per year.
Chinese scientists have been successful in applying various
forms of biological nitrogen fixation as green manure and green
feed to agriculture, which has markedly increased production.
They have also been working on the nitrogen-fixing actino
mycete Frankia and non-leguminous woody plants, and their
research has also been fairly fruitful. About 44 species in 8
genera among 6 families of non-leguminous woody plants have
been reported to have actinomycete-induced nodulation and
nitrogen fixation, about 20 of which were identified for the first
time.
Studies on the chemistry of nitrogen fixation with special
emphasis on the mechanism and chemical modelling of nitro
genase catalysis have been conducted vigorously in this country
for many years. Readers will find in this book a detailed
overview of this subject by Prof. Jia-Xi Lu. The book deals
with a wide range of topics, including biochemistry, molecular
genetics and biology of nitrogen fixation, that have been
studied in this country. Readers should obtain a clear picture
VI Preface
of what Chinese scientists have been pursuing in various aspects
of nitrogen fixation research.
Another prominent feature of this book is the contributions
from leading scientists in this field who are active in the
international community. The articles by Drs. P. Boistard,
J.A. Downie, A.W.B. Johnston, W. Klingmiiller, A. Puhler,
J.P.W. Young and their colleagues describe in detail their
respective research activities which have brought forth some
recent advances in various aspects of biological nitrogen
fixation research.
I would very much like to thank Ms. Wen-Wen Shi for her
great patience and painstaking efforts in typing a mountain of
manuscripts; without her help it would have been impossible
to complete the editing in time.
Shanghai, November 1991 Guo-Fan Hong
List of Contributors
Article numbers are in parentheses following the names of
contributors. Affiliations listed are current.
Xue-Liang Bai (19)
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guangxi Agricultural
College, Nanning 530005, China
Pierre Boistard ( 15)
Ministere de l'Agriculture, Centre de Recherches d'Auzeville,
Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire des Relations Plantes
Microorganismes, CNRS-INRA, Chemin de Borde Rouge
BP 27, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, Cedex-France
Long-Xiang Cai (30)
Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen. 361009, China
Keqiang Cai (30)
Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen. 361009, China
Hui-Min Cao (10)
Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
Y.Z. Cao (23)
Laboratory of Biological Nitrogen Fixation
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei. 430072,
China
Guan-Xiong Chen (28)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shenyang
110015, China
H.K. Chen (23)
Laboratory of Biological Nitrogen Fixation
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei. 430072,
China
VIII List of Contributors
Li-Mei Chen (19)
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guangxi Agricultural
College, Nanning 530005, China
Pencheng Chen (7)
Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Fuzhou Research Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
Yu-Hai Chui (19, 29)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shenyang
110015, China
X.P. Dai (12)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shenyang
110015, China
Jian Ding (29)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shenyang
110015, China
J.A. Downie (9, 16)
John Innes Institute, John Innes Centre for Plant Science
Research, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.
A. Economou (16)
John Innes Institute, John Innes Centre for Plant Science
Research, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K.
C.S. Fan (22)
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
Gui-Lan Guan (31)
Xinjiang Institute of Biology, Pedology and Desert Research,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Xiang-Ju Gu (21)
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
100044, China
G.F. Hong (9, 10)
Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
Jia-Bin Huang (28)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shenyang
110015, China
Liang-Ren Huang (7)
Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
List of Contributors IX
Fuzhou Research Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
Wei-Nan Huang (30)
Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen 361009, China
Ya-Li Huang (29)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shenyang
110015, China
Jian-De Jiang (28)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shenyang
110015, China
Yu-Xiang Jing (21)
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
100044, China
Andrew W.B. Johnston (14)
School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia,
Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
Bei-Sheng Kang (6)
Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002,
China
Walter Klingmiiller (17)
Genetics Department, University of Bayreuth, 8580 Bayreuth,
Federal Republic of Germany
An-Jian Lan (7)
Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Fuzhou Research Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
Gu Lan (30)
Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen 361009, China
F.D. Li (23)
Laboratory of Biological Nitrogen Fixation H uazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
Guang-Shan Li (21)
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
100044, China
Shang-Hao Li (S.H. Ley) (26)
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
X List of Contributors
Wei-Guang Li (29)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shcnyang
110017, China
Zhong-Wei Li (25, 29)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shcnyang
110015, China
Yuan-Dan Li (29)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shenyang
110015, China
Ji-Shang Lin (25)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shcnyang
110015, China
Yong-Qi Lin (11)
Dept. of Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
Chun-Wan Liu (8)
Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
Chung-Chu Liu (27)
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian
350002, China
Hui-Chang Liu (28)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shenyang
110015, China
Qiu-Tian Liu (6)
Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
Jia-Xi Lu (1, 6, 7, 8)
Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Fuzhou Research Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
You-Yi Lu (10)
Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy . of
Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
Qing-Sheng Ma (9, 19)
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guangxi Agricultural
College, Nanning 530005, China
F.D. Ni (9, 10)
Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
List of Contributors XI
Shu-Yun Niu (3)
Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun,
China
I.M. Pretorius-Giith (13)
Lehrstuhl fiir Genetik, FakuWit fiir Biologic, Universitat
Bielefeld, Postfach 8640, 4800 Bielefeld 1, Federal Republic of
Germany
A. Piihler ( 13)
Lehrstuhl fiir Genetik, Fakultat fiir Biologie, Universitat
Bielefeld, Postfach 8640, 4800 Bielefeld 1, Federal Republic of
Germany
Bo Qi (25)
Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shenyang
110015, China
Min Qin (19)
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Guangxi Agricultural
College, Nanning 530005, China
Xue-Qin Shan (21)
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
100044, China
L.A. Sharypova (13)
Lehrstuhl fiir Genetik, Fakultat fiir Biologic, Universitat
Bieleffeld, Postfach 8640, 4800 Bielefeld 1, Federal Republic of
Germany
Shan-Min Shen (28)
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian,
China
B.V. Simarov (13)
All-Union Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology,
Podbelsky Shanssee 3, Leningrad-Pushkin 6, 189620, USSR
Hong-Yu Song (20)
Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, Academia Sinica,
200032, China
Wei Song (5, 24)
Institute for Application of Atomic Energy, CAAS. Beijing,
100094, China
Feng-Yan Su (29)
Institute of Applied Ecology of Academia Sinica, Shenyang,
China