The New Journalism, the New Imperialism and the Fiction of Empire, 1870–1900 PDF
Preview The New Journalism, the New Imperialism and the Fiction of Empire, 1870–1900
PalgraveStudiesintheHistoryoftheMedia Series Editors: Professor Bill Bell (Cardiff University), Dr Chandrika Kaul (Department of Modern History, University of St Andrews), Professor Kenneth Osgood (McBride Honors Program, Colorado School of Mines), Dr Alexander S.Wilkinson(CentrefortheHistoryoftheMedia,UniversityCollegeDublin) Palgrave Studies in the History of the Media publishes original, high-quality researchintotheculturesofcommunicationfromthemiddleagestothepresent day.Theseriesexploresthevarietyofsubjectsanddisciplinaryapproachesthat characterizethisvibrantfieldofenquiry.Theserieswillhelpshapecurrentinter- pretations not only of the media, in all its forms, but also of the powerful relationshipbetweenthemediaandpolitics,society,andtheeconomy. Advisory Board: Professor Carlos Barrera (University of Navarra, Spain), Pro- fessor Peter Burke (Emmanuel College, Cambridge), Professor Denis Cryle (Central Queensland University, Australia), Professor David Culbert (Louisiana StateUniversity,BatonRouge),ProfessorNicholasCull(CenteronPublicDiplo- macy, University of Southern California), Professor Tom O’Malley (Centre for MediaHistory,UniversityofWales,Aberystwth),ProfessorChesterPach(Ohio University) Titlesinclude: JaneL.Chapman GENDER,CITIZENSHIPANDNEWSPAPERS HistoricalandTransnationalPerspectives JaneChapman,AnnaHoyles,AndrewKerrandAdamSherif COMICSANDTHEWORLDWARS ACulturalRecord AndrewGriffiths THENEWJOURNALISM,THENEWIMPERIALISMAND THEFICTIONOFEMPIRE,1870–1900 ChandrikaKaul MEDIAANDTHEBRITISHEMPIRE MichaelKrysko AMERICANRADIOINCHINA InternationalEncounterswithTechnologyandCommunications,1919–41 ChristophHendrikMüller WESTGERMANSAGAINSTTHEWEST Anti-AmericanisminMediaandPublicOpinionintheFederal RepublicofGermany,1949–68 JamesMussell THENINETEENTH-CENTURYPRESSINTHEDIGITALAGE NealM.Rosendorf FRANCOSELLSSPAINTOAMERICA Hollywood,TourismandPublicRelationsasPostwarSpanishSoftPower JoelWiener THEAMERICANIZATIONOFTHEBRITISHPRESS,1830s–1914 PalgraveStudiesintheHistoryoftheMedia SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–23153–5hardcover SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–23154–2paperback (outsideNorthAmericaonly) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to usattheaddressbelowwithyournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesand oneoftheISBNsquotedabove. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS,England The New Journalism, the New Imperialism and the Fiction of Empire, 1870–1900 Andrew Griffiths ©AndrewGriffiths2015 Softcoverreprintofthehardcover1stedition2015 978–1–137–45436–2 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork inaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-57669-2 ISBN 978-1-137-45438-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137454386 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. For Amber Contents Acknowledgements viii Introduction:Empire,NewsandNovels 1 1 MostExtraordinaryCareers:SpecialCorrespondentsand theNewsNarrative 20 2 W.T.Stead,GeneralGordonandtheNovelisationofthe News 55 3 RomanceorReportage?HenryRiderHaggardandthePall MallGazette 87 4 AScrambleforAuthority:Stanley,ConradandtheCongo 122 5 WinstonChurchill,theMorningPost andtheEndofthe ImperialRomance 155 Conclusion:Conflict,FrictionandFragmentation 182 Notes 191 SelectedBibliography 218 Index 228 vii Acknowledgements Thegestationperiodofthisbookhasbeenremarkablylong.Ihavemany people and organisations to thank for their support and advice. I am gratefultotheVictorianPeriodicalsReviewforpermissiontoreprintpart ofChapter5whichfirstappearedinitspagesinsummer2013.Thanks mustalsogotoMrRichardStearn,MrsDorothyCheyneandthestaffof NorfolkRecordsOfficeforadvisingmeonmattersrelatingtoRiderHag- gard’spersonalpapers.IamespeciallygratefultoMrsNadaCheynefor grantingpermissiontoquotematerialfromtheRiderHaggardpapers. TheImperialandGlobalHistoryNetwork,basedattheUniversityof Exeter, has provided a valuable forum for discussion of matters impe- rial.SeanPepper,MaxStites,PaulWilliamsandmanymorefriendsand colleagues than I can name here have enriched my research by their conversation.TimKendall,ClarePettittandSimonPotterhaveallread versionsofthisbookandhaveallprovidedinvaluablecomments.Iowe a particular debt to John Plunkett, who has been unfailingly generous with his advice and knowledge at every stage of this project. Without his input, this project would neither have taken this form nor reached thisstage.Mostimportantly,Imustthankmywife,Amber,forhertol- eration, endurance, patience and proof-reading. A border collie named Tomwasalsoessentialtothewritingprocess. viii Introduction: Empire, News and Novels InJanuary1884,GeneralGordonwasthemanofthemoment.Hewas poised to take the lead role in a great drama of empire which would not conclude – so far as the newspapers were concerned – until after the battle of Omdurman in September 1898. William Thomas Stead, pioneering journalist and the influential editor of the Pall Mall Gazette from 1883 to 1889, had set in motion a newspaper campaign which would push the government into sending Gordon to the Sudan and, ultimately,tohisdeathatKhartouminFebruary1885.Stead’scampaign was the beginning of a step change in Britain’s involvement in Africa and also in popular culture. The years 1884–1898 saw not only entan- glementintheSudanbutalsoanunprecedentedintegrationofimperial activity,popularjournalismandfiction.InJanuary1884,theIllustrated LondonNewswentsofarastocompareGordon’sexploitstothepopular romancefictionofimperialBritain: TheexpectationofGeneralGordon’ssuccessinthisdesperateenter- prise is amply justified by his past career. His achievements as Governor of the Equatorial Provinces from 1874 to 1879 were more wonderfulthanaretobefoundinthewildestOrientalromance.1 The imagined landscape of the British Empire functioned as the yard- stick against which the reality of empire was judged. The reading public engaged with British imperialism through accessible, thrilling narratives. Discrete literary and journalistic narratives fed into greater ones, like the story of the Sudan from Gordon’s deployment there to Kitchener’s reconquest (to use the term preferred by Victorian commentators). The linkage between empire and fiction worked the other way, too. Henry Rider Haggard’s 1887 novel She – one of the wildest of all 1
The list of books you might like
