The New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition

757 Pages·2007·7.13 MB·English

“The Flight of the Soul” from Boethius’s De consolationae philosophiae.
(©Gianni Dagli Orti/CORBIS)
NEW
CATHOLIC
ENCYCLOPEDIA
NEW
CATHOLIC
ENCYCLOPEDIA
SECOND EDITION
15
Index
in association with
THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA • WASHINGTON, D.C.
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
New Catholic encyclopedia.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 0-7876-4004-2
1. Catholic Church—Encyclopedias. I. Catholic University of America.
BX841 .N44 2002
282’ .03—dc21
2002000924
ISBN: 0-7876-4004-2 (set) 0-7876-4009-3 (v. 5) 0-7876-4014-x (v. 10)
0-7876-4005-0 (v. 1) 0-7876-4010-7 (v. 6) 0-7876-4015-8 (v. 11)
0-7876-4006-9 (v. 2) 0-7876-4011-5 (v. 7) 0-7876-4016-6 (v. 12)
0-7876-4007-7 (v. 3) 0-7876-4012-3 (v. 8) 0-7876-4017-4 (v. 13)
0-7876-4008-5 (v. 4) 0-7876-4013-1 (v. 9) 0-7876-4018-2 (v. 14)
0-7876-4019-0 (v. 15)
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Table of Contents
Staff Listings, Second Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Staff Listings, Jubilee Volume [2001] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Staff Listings, Volume 19: Supplement 1989–1995 . . . . xi
Staff Listings, Volume 18: Supplement 1978–1988 . . . xiii
Staff Listings, Volume 17: Supplement 1974–1978 . . . . xv
Staff Listings, Volume 16: Supplement 1967–1974 . . . xvii
Staff Listings, First Edition [1967] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
NEW CATHOLIC ENCYLOPEDIA v
For The Catholic University of America Press
EDITORIAL STAFF
Executive Editor
Berard L. Marthaler, O.F.M.Conv., S.T.D., Ph.D.
Associate Editor
Gregory F. LaNave, Ph.D.
Assistant Editors
Jonathan Y. Tan, Ph.D.
Richard E. McCarron, Ph.D.
Directorof The Catholic University of
America Press
David J. McGonagle, Ph.D.
EDITORIALADVISORY BOARD
Mary Collins, OSB, Ph.D. Rev. Joseph Komonchak, S.T.L., Ph.D.
Prioress, Mount St. Scholastica The John C. and Gertrude P. Hubbard Professor of
Atchison, Kansas Religious Studies
Rev. Raymond F. Collins, S.T.D. The Catholic University of America
Professor of New Testament
Rev. James H. Provost, J.C.D.
The Catholic University of America
The O’Brien-O’Connor Professor of Canon Law
John J. Convey, Ph.D. The Catholic University of America
Provost and Professor of Education
Lourdes Sheehan, RSM, Ed.D.
The Catholic University of America
Secretary for Education
Antoine Garibaldi, Ph.D.
United States Catholic Conference
President
Gannon University Rev. Msgr. Robert Trisco, Hist. Eccl. D.
Professor Emeritus of Church History and Editor, The
John F. Haught, Ph.D.
Catholic Historical Review
Professor of Theology
The Catholic University of America
Georgetown University
Monika K. Hellwig, Ph.D. Rev. Msgr. John F. Wippel, Ph.D.
Executive Director Professor of Philosophy
Assoc. of Catholic Colleges and Universities The Catholic University of America
NEW CATHOLIC ENCYLOPEDIA vii
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
John Borelli, Ph.D., Associate Director of Secretariat for James F. Garneau, Ph.D., Academic Dean, The
Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs, United States Pontifical College Josephinum, Columbus, Ohio
Conference of Catholic Bishops, Washington, D.C.
J. A. Wayne Hellmann, O.F.M.Conv., Dr. Theol.,
Drew Christiansen, S.J., Ph.D., Senior Fellow,
Professor of Theological Studies, St. Louis
Woodstock Theological Center, Washington, D.C.
University, St. Louis, Missouri
Anne M. Clifford, C.S.J., Ph.D., Associate Professor of
Joseph T. Kelley, Ph.D., D.Min., Director of the Center
Theology, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh,
for Augustinian Study, Merrimack College, North
Pennsylvania
Andover, Massachusetts
Raymond F. Collins, M.A., S.T.D., Professor of New
Judith M. Kubicki, C.S.S.F., Ph.D., Assistant Professor
Testament, The Catholic University of America,
of Theology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York
Washington, D.C.
Cyprian Davis, O.S.B., S.T.L., Ph.D., Professor of William P. Loewe, Ph.D., Associate Professor of
Church History, Saint Meinrad School of Theology, Religion and Religious Education, The Catholic
Saint Meinrad, Indiana University of America, Washington, D.C.
Dennis M. Doyle, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Rose M. McDermott, S.S.J., J.C.D., Associate Professor
Religious Studies, University of Dayton, Dayton, of Canon Law, The Catholic University of America,
Ohio Washington, D.C.
Angelyn Dries, O.S.F., Ph.D., Associate Professor of
R. Bruce Miller, M.S.L.S., Head, Theology/Philosophy,
Religious Studies, Cardinal Stritch University,
Canon Law Libraries, The Catholic University of
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
America, Washington, D.C.
Arthur Espelage, O.F.M., J.C.D., Executive Coordinator,
Francis J. Moloney, S.D.B., S.T.L., S.S.L., D.Phil.,
Canon Law Society of America, Washington, D.C.
Professor of Biblical Studies, The Catholic University
Eugene J. Fisher, Ph.D., Associate Director of of America, Washington, D.C.
Secretariat for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs,
Katherine I. Rabenstein, BSFS, Sr. Credentialing
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops,
Specialist, American Nurses Association,
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Edward J. Furton, Ph.D., Editor-in-Chief, The
National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, Brighton, Joel Rippinger, O.S.B., M.A., S.T.L., Subprior, Marmion
Massachusetts Abbey, Aurora, Illinois
viii NEW CATHOLIC ENCYLOPEDIA
For the Jubilee Volume: The Wojtyla Years
EDITORIAL STAFF
Executive Editor
Berard L. Marthaler, O.F.M.Conv.
Assistant Editors
Richard E. McCarron
Gregory F. LaNave
Contributing Editors
Katherine I. Rabenstein
Salvador Miranda
Directorof The Catholic University of
America Press
David J. McGonagle
EDITORIALADVISORY BOARD
Mary Collins, OSB, Ph.D. Rev. Joseph Komonchak, S.T.L., Ph.D.
Prioress, Mount St. Scholastica The John C. and Gertrude P. Hubbard Professor of
Atchison, Kansas Religious Studies
Rev. Raymond F. Collins, S.T.D. The Catholic University of America
Professor of New Testament
Rev. James H. Provost, J.C.D.
The Catholic University of America
The O’Brien-O’Connor Professor of Canon Law
John J. Convey, Ph.D. The Catholic University of America
Provost and Professor of Education
Lourdes Sheehan, RSM, Ed.D.
The Catholic University of America
Secretary for Education
Antoine Garibaldi, Ph.D.
United States Catholic Conference
Provost and Chief Academic Officer
Howard University Rev. Msgr. Robert Trisco, Hist. Eccl. D.
Professor Emeritus of Church History and Editor, The
John F. Haught, Ph.D.
Catholic Historical Review
Professor of Theology
The Catholic University of America
Georgetown University
Monika K. Hellwig, Ph.D. Rev. Msgr. John F. Wippel, Ph.D.
Executive Director Professor of Philosophy
Assoc. of Catholic Colleges and Universities The Catholic University of America
NEW CATHOLIC ENCYLOPEDIA ix
For Volume 19: Supplement 1989–1995
EDITORIAL STAFF
Executive Editor
Berard L. Marthaler, OFMConv, Ph.D., S.T.D.
Assistant Editors
Richard E. McCarron, M.A.
Morris Pelzel, Ph.D.
Photograph Editor
Sarah Davis
EDITORIALADVISORY BOARD
Lucy Cohen, Ph.D. Peter C. Phan, Ph.D., S.T.D.
Professor of Anthropology Professor of Systematic Theology
The Catholic University of America The Catholic University of America
Raymond F. Collins, S.T.D.
Dean of the School of Religious Studies James D. Riley, Ph.D.
The Catholic University of America Associate Professor of History
The Catholic University of America
John Convey, Ph.D.
Professor of Education
The Catholic University of America
Antanas Suziedelis, Ph.D.
Frederick R. McManus, J.C.D., LL.D. Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences
Professor Emeritus of Canon Law The Catholic University of America
The Catholic University of America
R. Bruce Miller, M.S.L.S. Joan B. Urban, Ph.D.
Head, Theology/Philosophy/Canon Law Libraries Professor of Politics
The Catholic University of America The Catholic University of America
NEW CATHOLIC ENCYLOPEDIA xi