The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 6: Muslims and Modernity Culture and Society since 1800 PDF
Preview The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 6: Muslims and Modernity Culture and Society since 1800
THE NEW CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ISLAM * VOLUME 6 Muslims and Modernity Culture and Society since 1800 * Editedby ROBERT W. HEFNER Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2011 the new cambridge history of ISLAM * volume 6 MuslimsandModernity:CultureandSocietysince1800 Unparalleledinitsrangeoftopicsandgeographicalscope,thesixth andfinalvolumeofTheNewCambridgeHistoryofIslamprovidesa comprehensiveoverviewofMuslimcultureandsocietysince1800. Robert Hefner’s thoughtprovoking account of the political and intellectual transformation of the Muslim world introduces the volume,whichproceedswithtwentyfiveessaysbyluminariesin theirfieldsthroughabroadrangeoftopics.Theseincludedevelop ments in society and population, religious thought and Islamic law,Muslimviewsofmodernpoliticsandeconomics,education andthearts,cinemaandnewmedia.Theessays,whichhighlight the diversity and richness of Islamic civilisation, engage with regionsrightacrosstheIslamicworldfromtheheartlandsofthe MiddleEastandAsia,throughnewterritoriesinEuropeandthe Americas.Narrativesareclearandengagingandwillfascinateall thosecuriousaboutthemomentouschangesthathavetakenplace amongtheworld’s1.7billionMuslimsinthelasttwocenturies. ROBERT W. HEFNER is Director, Institute on Culture, Religion, andWorldAffairs,andProfessorofAnthropology,BostonUniversity. Hispreviouspublicationsinclude,aseditor,MakingModernMuslims: The Politics of Islamic Education in Southeast Asia (2008), Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization (2005) and, as author,CivilIslam:MuslimsandDemocratizationinIndonesia(2000). Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2011 THE NEW CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ISLAM TheNewCambridgeHistoryofIslamoffersacomprehensivehistory ofIslamiccivilisation,tracingitsdevelopmentfromitsbeginnings inseventhcenturyArabiatoitswideandvariedpresenceinthe globalised world of today. Under the leadership of the Prophet Muh.ammad,theMuslimcommunitycoalescedfromascattered, desertpopulationand,followinghisdeath,emergedfromArabia toconqueranempirewhich,bytheearlyeighthcentury,stretched from India in the east to Spain in the west. By the eighteenth century, despite political fragmentation, the Muslim world extended from West Africa to SouthEast Asia. Today, Muslims arealsofoundinsignificantnumbersinEuropeandtheAmericas, andmakeupaboutonefifthoftheworld’spopulation. Toreflectthisgeographicaldistributionandthecultural,social and religious diversity of the peoples of the Muslim world, The NewCambridge History ofIslam is dividedinto sixvolumes. Four coverhistoricaldevelopments,andtwoaredevotedtothemesthat cut across geographical and chronological divisions themes rangingfromsocial,politicalandeconomicrelationstothearts, literature and learning. Each volume begins with a panoramic introductionsettingthescenefortheensuingchaptersandexam ining relationships with adjacent civilisations. Two of the vol umes onehistorical,theotherthematic arededicatedtothe developmentsofthelasttwocenturies,andshowhowMuslims, unitedforsomanyyearsintheirallegiancetoanoverarchingand distinct tradition, have sought tocome to terms with the emer genceofWesternhegemonyandthetransitiontomodernity. Thetimeisrightforthisnewsynthesisreflectingdevelopments inscholarshipoverthelastgeneration.TheNewCambridgeHistory ofIslamisanambitiousenterprisedirectedandwrittenbyateam combiningestablishedauthoritiesandinnovativeyoungerschol ars.Itwillbethestandardreferenceforstudents,scholarsandall thosewithenquiringmindsforyearstocome. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2011 Generaleditor michael cook, class of 1943 university professor of near eastern studies, princeton university volume 1 TheFormationoftheIslamicWorld SixthtoEleventhCenturies edited by chase f. robinson volume 2 TheWesternIslamicWorld EleventhtoEighteenthCenturies edited by maribel fierro volume 3 TheEasternIslamicWorld EleventhtoEighteenthCenturies edited by david o. morgan and anthony reid volume 4 IslamicCulturesandSocietiestotheEndoftheEighteenthCentury edited by robert irwin volume 5 TheIslamicWorldintheAgeofWesternDominance edited by francis robinson volume 6 MuslimsandModernity CultureandSocietysince1800 edited by robert w. hefner GrantsmadefromanawardtotheGeneralEditorbythe AndrewW.MellonFoundation,andfromtheNationalEndowment fortheHumanitiesRZ-50616-06,contributedtothedevelopmentof TheNewCambridgeHistoryofIslam.Inparticularthegrantsfunded thesalaryofWilliamM.BlairwhoservedasEditionalAssistant from2004to2008. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2011 cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore, SãoPaulo,Delhi,Dubai,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521844437 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2010 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2010 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary isbn978-0-521-84443-7Volume6Hardback isbn978-0-521-51536-8Setof6HardbackVolumes CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtoin thisbook,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis, orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2011 Contents Listofillustrations xi Listoffigures xii Listoftables xiii Listofcontributors xv Noteontransliteration xix Listofabbreviations xx Map xxi 1.Introduction:Muslimsandmodernity:cultureandsociety inanageofcontestandplurality 1 robert w. hefner part i SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS 37 2.Newnetworksandnewknowledge:migrations,communications fi andthere gurationoftheMuslimcommunityinthenineteenth andearlytwentiethcenturies 39 r. michael feener 3.Population,urbanisationandthedialecticsofglobalisation 69 clement m. henry 4.TheoriginsandearlydevelopmentofIslamicreform 107 ahmad s. dallal 5.Reformandmodernisminthemiddletwentiethcentury 148 john o. voll vii Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2011 Contents 6.Islamicresurgenceanditsaftermath 173 sa¨ıd amir arjomand 7.Thenewtransnationalism:globalisingIslamic movements 198 peter mandaville 8.MuslimsintheWest:Europe 218 john r. bowen 9.MuslimsintheWest:NorthAmerica 238 karen isaksen leonard 10.Newfrontiersandconversion 254 robert launay part ii RELIGION AND LAW 269 11.ContemporarytrendsinMuslimlegalthought andideology 270 sami zubaida 12.Acasecomparison:IslamiclawandtheSaudiandIranian legalsystems 296 frank e. vogel 13.Beyonddhimmihood:citizenshipandhumanrights 314 abdullahi ahmed an naqim 14.Thequlamap:scholarlytraditionandnewpublic commentary 335 muhammad qasim zaman 15.SufismandneoSufism 355 bruce b. lawrence viii Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2011 Contents part iii POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC THOUGHT 385 16.Islamicpoliticalthought 387 l. carl brown 17.Women,familyandthelaw:theMuslimpersonalstatus lawdebateinArabstates 411 lynn welchman 18.CultureandpoliticsinIransincethe1979 revolution 438 nikki r. keddie 19.ModernIslamandtheeconomy 473 timur kuran part iv CULTURES, ARTS AND LEARNING 495 20.Islamicknowledgeandeducationinthe modernage 497 robert w. hefner 21.History,heritageandmodernity:citiesintheMuslimworld betweendestructionandreconstruction 521 jens hanssen 22.Islamicphilosophyandscience 549 s. nomanul haq 23.Thepressandpublishing 572 ami ayalon 24.ThemodernartoftheMiddleEast 597 venetia porter ix Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2011 Contents 25.CinemaandtelevisionintheArabworld 625 walter armbrust 26.ElectronicmediaandnewMuslimpublics 648 jon w. anderson Glossary 661 Bibliography 670 Index 726 x Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2011 Illustrations 24.1 ErolAkyavas,Theangeloftime,fromMiqrajname,1987.©TheTrustees page602 oftheBritishMuseum 24.2 HosseinZenderoudi,Thehand,c.1960 1.GreyArtGallery,NewYork 606 UniversityArtCollection,giftofAbbyWeedGrey,1975 24.3 Mah.mudMukhtar,Egyptawakening,1919 28.©BernardO’Kane/ 608 fotoLibra 24.4 JewadSelim,Nas.balh.urriya,1961(detail).CourtesyMaysalounFaraj 613 24.5 OsmanWaqialla,KafHaYaAynSad,1980.©TheTrusteesoftheBritish 615 Museum 24.6 ShakirHassanalSaid,alHasudlaYasud,1979.CourtesyofSalmaSamar 616 Damluji 24.7 GhadaAmer,Eightwomeninblackandwhite,2004.©GhadaAmer. 620 CourtesyGagosianGallery,ADAGP,Paris,andDACS,London 24.8 WalidRaad,Alreadybeeninalakeoffire,1999 2002,plates63 4.©The 621 TrusteesoftheBritishMuseum 24.9 KhalilRabah,Dictionarywork,1997.©TheTrusteesoftheBritishMuseum 623 xi Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2011
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