The New African Diaspora in the United States

207 Pages·2017·5.806 MB·English

by  Toyin Falola and Adebayo Oyebade (eds.)

7
1
0
2
y
r
a
u
r
b
e
F
3
1
4
0
:
7
1
t
a

]
o
g
e
i
D
n
a
S
a,
i
n
r
o
f
i
l
a
C
f
o
y
t
i
s
r
e
v
i
n
U
[
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
The New African Diaspora in the
United States
7
1
0
2
y
r
a
u
r
b
e Fast growing in population, African immigrants in the United States have
F
3 become a significant force, to the point that the idea of a new African diaspora is
1 now a reality. This thriving community has opened new arenas of scholarly dis-
4
0 course on Black Atlantic history beyond the transatlantic slave trade and its
:
7 legacies.
1
t This book investigates the complex dynamic forces that have shaped, and
a
] continue to shape, this new diaspora. In eleven original essays, the volume
o
g examines pertinent themes, such as immigration, integration dilemmas, identity
e
Di construction, brain drain, remittances, and expanding African religious space,
n and how these dynamics impact and intersect with the African homeland.
a
S With contributors from both sides of the Atlantic that represent a diverse
a, range of academic disciplines, this book offers a broad perspective on emerging
i
n themes in contemporary African Diasporan experiences. The book will be of
r
o
f interest to scholars and students of African and African Amer ican Studies, Soci-
i
l
a ology, and History.
C
f
o
y Toyin Falola is the Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair Professor in the
it Humanities and a Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University of Texas at
s
er Austin.
v
i
n
U Adebayo Oyebade is Professor of History and chair of the department at Tennessee
[
y State University, Nashville, Tennessee.
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
Routledge African Studies
7
1
0
2
y
r
a
u
r
b
e 12 Securing Africa 17 Continuity and Change in Sub-
F
3 Local Crises and Foreign Saharan African Demography
1 Interventions Edited by Clifford O. Odimegwu
4
0 Edited by Toyin Falola and and John Kekovole
:
7 Charles Thomas
1
t 18 Sexual Violence in Conflict and
a
] 13 African Youth in Contemporary Post- Conflict Societies
o
g Literature and Popular Culture International Agendas and African
e
Di Identity Quest Contexts
n Edited by Vivian Yenika-A gbaw Edited by Doris Buss,
a
S and Lindah Mhando Joanne Lebert, Blair Rutherford,
a, Donna Sharkey and
i
n 14 Indigenous Discourses on Obijiofor Aginam
r
o
f Knowledge and Development in
i
l
a Africa 19 Land Reforms and Natural
C
f Edited by Edward Shizha and Resource Conflicts in Africa
o
y Ali A. Abdi New Development Paradigms in
it the Era of Global Liberalization
s
er 15 African Culture and Global Edited by
v
i Politics Tukumbi Lumumba- Kasongo
n
U Language, Philosophies, and
[
y Expressive Culture in Africa and 20 Cultural Entrepreneurship in
b the Diaspora Africa
d
e Edited by Toyin Falola and Edited by Ute Röschenthaler and
d
a Danielle Porter Sanchez Dorothea Schulz
o
l
n
w
16 Urbanization and Socio- 21 The New African Diaspora in
o
D Economic Development in Africa the United States
Challenges and Opportunities Edited by Toyin Falola and
Edited by Steve Kayizzi-M ugerwa, Adebayo Oyebade
Abebe Shimeles and
Nadège Désirée Yaméogo
The New African Diaspora in
the United States
7
1
0
2
y
r
a
u
r
b Edited by Toyin Falola and
e
F
3 Adebayo Oyebade
1
4
0
:
7
1
t
a
]
o
g
e
i
D
n
a
S
a,
i
n
r
o
f
i
l
a
C
f
o
y
t
i
s
r
e
v
i
n
U
[
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
First published 2017
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
7 © 2017 Edited by Toyin Falola and Adebayo Oyebade
1
0 The right of Toyin Falola and Adebayo Oyebade to be identified as the
2 authors of the editorial matter, and of the authors for their individual
y chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
r
a Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
u
br All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
e utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
F
3 known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
1 any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
4 from the publishers.
0
: Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
7
1 registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
t without intent to infringe.
a
] British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
o
g A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
e
Di Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
n Names: Falola, Toyin, editor of compilation. | Oyebade, Adebayo, editor
a of compilation.
S Title: The new African diaspora in the United States / edited by Toyin
a, Falola and Adebayo Oyebade.
ni Description: New York, NY : Routledge, [2017] | Series: Routledge
or African studies ; 21 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
f Identifiers: LCCN 2016003129| ISBN 9781138679740 (hardback) |
i
al ISBN 9781315544670 (ebook)
C Subjects: LCSH: Africans–United States. | African diaspora. |
f Africans–Migrations. | Brain drain–Africa. | Immigrants–United
o
y States–Social conditions. | United States–Emigration and
t immigration–History. | Africa–Civilization–American influences. |
i
rs Africa–Emigration and immigration–History.
ve Classification: LCC E184.A24 N53 2017 | DDC 304.873096–dc23
i LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016003129
n
U
[ ISBN: 978-1-138-67974-0 (hbk)
y ISBN: 978-1-315-54467-0 (ebk)
b
d Typeset in Times New Roman
e
d by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
Contents
7
1
0
2
y
r
a
u
r
b
e List of figures vii
F
3 List of tables viii
1
4 Notes on contributors ix
0 Preface xii
:
7
1
t
a
] Introduction 1
o
g
e ADEBAYO OYEBADE AND TOYIN FALOLA
i
D
n
Sa PART I
a, Historical and conceptual perspective 9
i
n
r
o
f 1 Pan- Africanism and the integration of continental and
i
l
a Diaspora Africans 11
C
f VICTOR IYANYA
o
y
t
i
s
r PART II
e
v Continental expressions and Diasporan identities 27
i
n
U
[
y 2 The young Igbo Diaspora in the United States 29
b
d UCHENNA ONUzULIkE
e
d
a
o 3 African immigrants and their churches 41
l
n
w ADEBAYO OYEBADE
o
D
4 The making of the Liberian Diasporas and the challenges of
postwar reconstruction 59
CHRIS AGOHA
vi Contents
5 Exploring the transformative effects of policy among
African Diaspora voters 74
kAREN OkHOYA- INYANJI
6 Contemporary migrations of Nigerians to the United States 98
JOSEPH O. AkINBI
7
1
0 PART III
2
y The Diaspora and continental ramifications 105
r
a
u
br 7 The remittance objectives of second-g eneration Ghanaian
e
F Amer icans 107
3
1 kIRSTIE kWARTENG
4
0
7: 8 The Diaspora and the leadership challenge in Nigeria 129
1
t SILk UGWU OGBU
a
]
o
g 9 The role of the Diaspora in strengthening democratic
e
Di governance in Africa 143
n kENNETH NWEkE AND VINCENT NYEWUSIRA
a
S
a, 10 The Visa Lottery versus brain drain: the impact of the
i
n
r African Diaspora on vocational artisanship 155
o
f
li TAJUDEEN ADEWUMI ADEBISI
a
C
of 11 Revisiting Africa’s brain drain and the Diaspora option 165
y
t GASHAWBEzA W. BEkELE
i
s
r
e
v
ni Bibliography 181
U
[ Index 187
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
Figures
7
1
0
2
y
r
a
u
r
b
e I.1 African- born population in the US: 1970 to 2010 2
F
3 3.1 Foreign- born population in Tennessee State 43
1 3.2 RCCG Agape House workshop series 54
4
0 5.1 Transformation of policy into behavioral change 75
:
7 5.2 Interrelatedness of ecologies and scope of transformative
1
t social policy effects 77
a
] 5.3 Policy- driven social transformation framework 78
o
g 5.4 Behavioral change across diasporic ecologies 79
e
Di 5.5 kenya government categories of treaties and laws (kenya Law
n (NCLR)) 88
a
S 5.6 Seven categories of socially transformative policies 89
a, 5.7 Modifying Diaspora voting through policy-d riven behavioral
i
n transformation 92
r
o
f 11.1 Official remittance flows to sub-S aharan Africa and
i
l
a developing countries, 1995–2013 173
C
f
o
y
t
i
s
r
e
v
i
n
U
[
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
Tables
7
1
0
2
y
r
a
u
r
b
e I.1 African immigrants: period of entry 3
F
3 I.2 African immigrant groups with the largest presence in the US
1 (2008–2012) 3
4
0 I.3 Four US states with the highest number of African-b orn
:
7 population, 2008–2012 3
1
t I.4 Metropolitan areas with the largest African-b orn populations,
a
] 2008–2012 4
o
g I.5 Percent naturalized by period of entry: 2010 4
e
Di 3.1 African foreign-b orn population in Tennessee by region 45
n 3.2 African foreign-b orn population in Tennessee 45
a
S 3.3 African immigrant churches: special programs in 2014 53
a, 5.1 kenya government categories of treaties and laws (kenya Law
i
n (NCLR)) 85
r
o
f 5.2 Seven categories of socially transformative policies 87
i
l
a 7.1 Survey data 116
C
f 7.2 Second- generation Ghanaian identity-i nterview data 118
o
y
t
i
s
r
e
v
i
n
U
[
y
b
d
e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
D
Contributors
7
1
0
2
y
r
a
u
r
b
e Tajudeen Adewumi Adebisi holds a PhD degree in Adult Education from
F
3 Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile- Ife, Nigeria. His research interests are in
1 adult education, literacy and basic education, human resource development,
4
0 workplace education, and vocational and technical education. His scholarly
:
7 publications have appeared in journals such as Educational Periscope, and
1
t The African Symposium.
a

]
o
g Chris Agoha is a Political Affairs Officer at the United Nations Mission in
e
i Liberia. He is a laureate of the CODESRIA Governance Institute, Dakar,
D
n Senegal, a Fellow of the United States International Visitors Program, and a
a Fellow of the United Nations International Courses, Tokyo, Japan. He holds
S
a, degrees in international law and diplomacy, and in political science from the
ni University of Lagos, Nigeria. His research interests relate to themes in peace
r
o and conflict studies, democracy and good governance, security and strategic
f
li studies, development, and ethnicity and social movements. His scholarly con-
a
C tributions include chapters in edited books, including Toyin Falola and
f
o Charles Thomas (eds.), Securing Africa: Local Crises and Foreign Interven-
y tions, (Routledge, 2014).
t
i
s
r
e Joseph O. Akinbi is a lecturer at Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Nigeria.
v
ni He holds a PhD in History from the University of Benin, Nigeria. His
U
research areas are international relations, diplomatic history, and con-
[
y temporary Nigerian History. He has published articles in academic journals
b
d as well as chapters in books. He is the editor of Towards A Better Nigeria:
e
d Reflections on Contemporary Issues in The Socio- Political and Economic
a
o Development of Nigeria (1999).
l
n
w
Gashawbeza W. Bekele is Assistant Professor of Geography at Tennessee State
o
D University, where he teaches courses in economic, cultural, political, world,
and African geography. He obtained his PhD in Geography from West Vir-
ginia University and his M. Phil. in Development Geography from the Uni-
versity of Oslo, Norway. His work and scholarship, which transcend
disciplinary boundaries, have focused on broadening our understanding of the
relationship between international migration and development in Africa and