The Neurospora Compendium: Chromosomal Loci PDF
Preview The Neurospora Compendium: Chromosomal Loci
THE NEUROSPORA COMPENDIUM Chromosomal Loci r I I I f f ( ! 1 L/ FRONTISPIECE Barbara McClintock's unpublished sketches of the seven Neurospora crassa chromosomes. Pachytene bivalents stained with aceto-orcein. Courtesy of E. G. Barry. THE N E U R O S P O R A C O M P E N D I U M Chromosomal Loci David D. Perkins Department of Biological Sciences Stanford University Stanford, California Alan Radford Matthew S. Sachs School of Biology Department of Biochemistry, Leeds University and Molecular Biology Leeds, United Kingdom Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology Beaverton, Oregon ACADEMIC PRESS A Harcourt Science and Technology Company SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK BOSTON LONDON SYDNEY TOKYO Cover photograph: Rodlets on the surface of wild-type Neurospora crassa conidia. The hydrophobic rodlets promote aerial dissemination by keeping the conidia dry and powdery. Rodlets consist of a secreted hydrophobin, which is specified by the gene eas (easily wettable). Scanning EM photograph of freeze-etched material. Reprinted with permission from Nature [ref. (142)]. Copyright 1978 Macmillan Magazines Ltd. This book is printed on acid-free paper. (~ Copyright ((cid:14)92 001 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Harcourt, Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 Academic Press A Harcourt Science and Technology Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW 1 7BY, ilK h ttp ://www. academi cpr ess. com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 00-102573 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-550751-8 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 00 01 02 03 04 05 EB 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents PREFACE vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix I Introduction 1 Resources 3 II Information on Individual Loci Explanatory Foreword 7 Synonymous Gene Symbols 8 Alphabetical Entries for Genes and Other Loci 12 Appendix 1 Neurospora Genetic Nomenclature 199 Appendix 2 Genetic Maps and Mapped Loci 207 Appendix 3 Data for RFLP Mapping 231 Appendix 4 The Neurospora crassa Mitochondrial Genome 241 Appendix 5 Expressed Sequences from Different Stages of the Neurospora Life Cycle" Putative Identification of cDNAs 243 References 261 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Preface Those who work with Neurospora have chosen the numerous problems that cannot be investigated effectively organism for a variety of reasons. B. O. Dodge, who using bacteria or yeast. described the sexual phase in 1927 and who pioneered A combination of features make Neurospora ideal for analysis of the Neurospora life cycle, was so impressed by studying circadian rhythms, vegetative incompatibility, its advantages for genetic work that he tried to persuade mitochondria and mitochondrial plasmids, and nuclear T. H. Morgan and his Drosophila group to adopt the trafficking in the common cytoplasm of a heterokaryon. organism. Although not persuaded, Morgan encouraged a Meiosis and ascospore differentiation occur without cell graduate student, Carl Lindegren, to explore the potential- division within a single giant cell, the ascus, where the ities of Neurospora. Ten years later, knowledge of Dodge's morphology and precisely programmed movements of and Lindegren's work led Beadle and Tatum to adopt chromosomes, nuclei, and organelles can be observed Neurospora in their search for nutritional mutants, with effectively with the light microscope. Natural populations the result that Neurospora gained wide recogn are readily sampled. became the fungal counterpart of Drosophila. Their 1941 In the six decades since Beadle and Tatum, Neurospora paper "Control of Biochemical Reactions in Neurospora" workers have accumulated a wealth of biological and broke down the barriers that had separated biochemistry genetic information. Correspondingly rich resources have and genetics. The Neurospora work went on to establish become available for research. Genetically characterized the similarity of genetic mechanisms in fungi to those wild-type and mutant strains and strains from worldwide in Drosophila, maize, and other "higher" eukaryotes. It natural populations can be obtained from a stock center. also inspired genetic studies of other microorganisms m Genomic and cDNA libraries, clone banks, and individual Escherichia coli, Chlamydomonas, Aspergillus, Sordaria, cloned genes are available. Physical mapping and genome Ustilago, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Coprinus, sequencing are in progress. Podospora, Ascobolus, Schizophyllum, Ophiostoma, In 1982, information on all known chromosomal genes Cochliobolus, Magnaporthe, and others. was brought together by Perkins, Radford, Newmeyer, and Neurospora is not only phylogenetically distinct from Bj6rkman for publication in Microbiological Reviews in a Saccharomyces, but also more complex in both structure summary paper popularly known as the "compendium." and life cycle. More than half the expressed genes identified The present volume is its successor. thus far in Neurospora crassa have no recognizable homolog in the yeast genome. Although E. coli and David Perkins Saccharomyces have become the workhorses of genetics Alan Radford and molecular biology, Neurospora remains the preferred model for filamentous fungi and the organism of choice for Matthew Sachs vii This Page Intentionally Left Blank Acknowledgments We are deeply grateful to the many colleagues who (Fig. 50), Tom Schmidhauser (Fig. 7), and Matthew provided unpublished information or examined parts of Springer (Figs. 14, 23, 28, 29, 35, 58, and 60). Photographic the text and helped improve its accuracy and completeness. prints of previously published figures were made available Unpublished sources are acknowledged by citation in the by Ross Beever, Ramesh Maheshwari, N. B. Raju, and References section. Those who reviewed entries in their Matthew Springer. areas of specialization are too numerous to name. Mary Work in our laboratories was supported by Grants Anne Nelson was especially helpful in providing new AI-01462 and K6-GM-4899 from the National Institutes EST and RFLP information from the University of New of Health and MCB-9728675 from the National Science Mexico Genome Project. We thank Dorothy Newmeyer for Foundation to D.D.P., Grants GM-47498 from the continued encouragement and advice. Previously unpub- National Institutes of Health and MCB-9630910 from lished diagrams or photographs have been contributed by the National Science Foundation to M.S.S., and grants from Barry Bowman (Fig. 66), David Catcheside (Fig. 57), Marta the UK Biotechnical and Biological Sciences Research Goodrich-Tanrikulu (Figs. 17 and 18), George Marzluf Council to A.R.
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