The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Digestive System: Part III - Liver, etc.

162 Pages·2016·229.85 MB·English

The Netter Collection
OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS
Digestive System
Part III—Liver, Biliary Tract,
and Pancreas
2nd Edition
A compilation of paintings prepared by
Frank H. Netter, MD
Editor Associate Editors
James C. Reynolds, MD John A. Martin, M.D., FASGE
June F. Klinghoffer Distinguished Associate Professor and Senior Associate
Professor and Chair Consultant
Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Drexel University College of Medicine Mayo Clinic
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Rochester, Minnesota;
Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine
Senior Associate Editor and Surgery
Northwestern University Feinberg School
Peter J. Ward, PhD of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
Associate Professor of Anatomy
Department of Biomedical Sciences Grace L. Su, MD
West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine
Lewisburg, West Virginia Professor of Medicine and Surgery
University of Michigan Medical School
Chief of Gastroenterology and Associate Chief
of Medicine
VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System
Ann Arbor, Michigan
David C. Whitcomb, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine
Cell Biology & Physiology and Human Genetics
Chief, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology
and Nutrition
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Additional Illustrations by Carlos A.G. Machado, MD
CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATORS
John A. Craig, MD
Tiffany S. DaVanzo, MA, CMI
Kristen Wienandt Marzejon, MS, MFA
James A. Perkins, MS, MFA
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste. 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS ISBN: 978-1-4557-7392-3
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: PART III—LIVER, BILIARY TRACT,
AND PANCREAS, VOLUME 9, SECOND EDITION
Copyright © 2017 by Elsevier Inc.
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Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ABOUT THE EDITORS
James C. Reynolds, MD, Editor, is professor of Physicians) and served in this role from 1999 to 2007. Peter J. Ward, PhD, Senior Associate Editor, was
medicine and the June F. Klinghoffer Distinguished From 2006 to 2008 he served as president of the medical born in Denver but grew up primarily in Casper,
Chair of the department of medicine at Drexel Univer- staff at Hahnemann University Hospital and was a Wyoming, graduating from Kelly Walsh High School
sity College of Medicine in Philadelphia. member of the board of directors of the hospital. He in 1992. He attended Carnegie Mellon University in
Dr. Reynolds, a native of Florida, graduated from became interim chair of medicine in 2002. In 2005 he Pittsburgh and graduated with a bachelor of science
Florida State University and received his medical was named the June F. Klinghoffer Distinguished Chair degree in biology (genetics, biochemistry, molecular
degree from the University of Florida, where he was of the department of medicine. As Chair he has led the biology) with a minor in chemistry in 1996. He first
president of his class and received several honors, department to a fivefold increase in clinical billing while encountered gross anatomy, histology, embryology, and
including admission to Alpha Omega Alpha as a junior, doubling faculty size and extramural research income. neuroanatomy at the College of Veterinary Medicine in
the John B. Gorrie Award as the student with the best The department continues to receive accolades for its 1998. Having found a course of study that engrossed
promise for outstanding future performance, as well as support of exceptional quality and transplantation him, he matriculated through these courses at Purdue
research awards. He completed his residency at Cornell outcomes and for the national recognition of several College of Veterinary Medicine, as well as at the branch
University at New York Hospital and Memorial Sloan divisions. campus of the Indiana University School of Medicine.
Kettering Cancer Center. He then completed a 3-year Dr. Reynolds is a member of the editorial board of Dr. Ward completed a master’s degree in Dr. Kevin
fellowship at the Hospital of the University of Digestive Diseases and Sciences and is a reviewer for many Hannon’s muscle research laboratory and then began a
Pennsylvania. He joined the faculty at the University of other journals. He has published over 100 manuscripts doctorate program in anatomy education under Dr.
Pennsylvania, where he became program director and in peer-reviewed journals and has coedited five books. James Walker. He completed his thesis work in 2005—
associate chief of the division. He remained funded by He has received numerous honors including Phi Beta strategies to improve student achievement and recall of
the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other Kappa, AOA, and “Physician of the Year” in 1995 by medical anatomy—a qualitative and quantitative study.
national organizations for his research into the effect of the Greater Pittsburgh Chapter of the Crohn’s and In July 2005 Dr. Ward joined the faculty of the West
neuropeptides on gastrointestinal motility. In 1990 he Colitis Foundation of America, and has been recog- Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine (WVSOM) in
became chief of the division of gastroenterology, hepa- nized as the most outstanding gastroenterologist in Lewisburg, West Virginia. He has taught gross anatomy,
tology, and nutrition at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh on two separate occasions by Pittsburgh embryology, neuroscience, histology, radiography, and
where he was a tenured associate professor of medicine Magazine. He has also been named among Philadel- the history of medicine. During this time he has also
and cell biology. He was co-director of the Centers for phia’s “Top Docs” 10 times by Philadelphia Magazine. been director of the WVSOM plastination facility,
Digestive Health and an associate professor of medicine He has received teaching awards in both basic and clini- coordinator of the graduate teaching fellows, chair of
and cell biology. In 1996 he became professor of cal sciences from the University of Pennsylvania and the curriculum committee, creator and director of a
medicine with tenure and chief of the division of gas- Drexel. clinical anatomy intensive elective course, host of many
troenterology and hepatology at MCP Hahnemann Dr. Reynolds is board certified in internal medicine anatomy-centered events between WVSOM and the
University, now the Drexel University College of Med- and gastroenterology and hepatology by the American Japan College of Osteopathy and the Atlas College of
icine. He held this position and that of program direc- Boards of Internal Medicine. His primary clinical inter- Osteopathy. Dr. Ward has also served on the council of
tor from 1996 to 2008. In those 12 years he held ests are in the early detection and prevention of cancer, the American Association of Clinical Anatomists
numerous leadership roles in the hospital and college complications of gastroesophageal reflux, and gastroin- and several of the special interest groups of the same
of medicine. He was elected vice-president of the uni- testinal motility disorders. organization. He is also a member of the American
versity physicians practice plan (Drexel University Association of Anatomists, American Association for
the History of Medicine, and the American Association
of Veterinary Anatomists. His research continues to
explore how medical students learn effectively, with
particular emphasis on anatomy. In conjunction with
Bone Clones, Inc., Dr. Ward has been producing a
series of tactile models that mimic the feel of anatomical
structures when intact and when ruptured during the
physical examination. He enjoys exploring the use of
video and other media as a supplementary resource in
medical education. These videos are available to view
at Clinical Anatomy Explained! on YouTube.
vi THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS
About the Editors
John A. Martin, MD, Associate Editor, is associate Grace L. Su, MD, Associate Editor, is professor David C. Whitcomb, MD, PhD, Associate
professor, senior associate consultant, and associate of medicine and surgery at the University of Editor, is the Giant Eagle Foundation Professor
chair for endoscopy at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Michigan. She received her undergraduate degree from of Cancer Genetics, professor of medicine, cell biology
Minnesota. His clinical, research, and medical educa- Yale University and medical degree from the University and physiology, and human genetics, and the chief of
tion efforts and interests are focused on endoscopic of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine. After complet- the division of gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutri-
retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), advanced ing her internal medicine residency and gastroenterol- tion at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
interventional endoscopy, surgical endoscopy, hepatobi- ogy fellowship at the University of Pittsburgh in 1994, A graduate of Manchester College, North Manchester,
liary disorders, pancreaticobiliary diseases, transplanta- she was a member of the faculty until she moved to the Indiana, he completed his graduate training at The
tion surgery, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic University of Michigan in 1995, where she rose through Ohio State University with a doctorate in physiology in
surgery (NOTES), development of novel endoscopic the ranks to become professor both in internal medicine 1983, and a medical degree in 1985. He attended Duke
devices, bariatrics, and interdisciplinary investigation of and surgery, the latter because of her multidisciplinary University for training in internal medicine and a fel-
advanced molecular imaging technologies. He is also research program. Dr. Su has also had a part-time lowship in gastroenterology and hepatology. With
involved in interdisciplinary study of new simulation appointment at the University of Michigan affiliate, VA recruitment to the University of Pittsburgh, UPMC,
models and devices for endoscopic training and educa- Ann Arbor Healthcare System, where she is the associ- and the VA Pittsburgh Medical Center in 1991 as an
tion. While on faculty at Northwestern University ate chief of medicine for subspecialty care and access as assistant professor of medicine, Dr. Whitcomb began
Feinberg School of medicine, he co-founded the North- well as chief of the gastroenterology section. She is in illustrious career focusing on pancreatic disorders.
western Interdisciplinary NOTES Investigation Group also director of the Ann Arbor Specialty Care Access Dr. Whitcomb established a major research labora-
and initiated the third-tier fellowship program in Network-Extension of Community Healthcare Out- tory with continuous funding from the NIH, VA,
advanced interventional endoscopy at Northwestern comes (SCAN-ECHO) program, a transformational Department of Defense, National Pancreas Founda-
Memorial Hospital, and was the recipient of excellence initiative that leverages technology to improve liver tion, Wayne Fusaro Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund,
in teaching awards from both the division of gastroen- subspecialty care delivery within the VA healthcare and other sources. In addition to research, he remains
terology and hepatology and the department of medi- system, particularly to underserved and rural areas. As clinically active, and accepted expanding administrative
cine, as well as the interdisciplinary service award from the director of one of the earliest Liver SCAN-ECHO roles as chief of the nutrition support service, then chief
the Transplantation Institute. He is the recipient of the programs, she has led the way in applying this novel of gastroenterology at the Pittsburgh VA Medical
Distinguished Service Award of the American Society case-based distance learning program to improve access Center, and finally chief, division of gastroenterology,
for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE). Co-founder to liver subspecialty care. hepatology and nutrition in 2000. His innovative
and formerly Chair of the ASGE Institute for Training Dr. Su has won many teaching and research awards approach to academic medicine resulted in transforma-
and Technology (IT&T) Committee, he currently in gastroenterology. She has served on many NIH study tion of the GI division into one of the top academic
serves as councilor on the governing board of the ASGE. sections, particularly one devoted to career develop- digestive disease programs in the world.
Dr. Martin also serves in an editorial capacity for a ment in gastroenterology. She is a section editor for Dr. Whitcomb serves on many national and interna-
number of medical publications and applications. the premier gastroenterology journal, Gastroenterology, tional committees for the major gastroenterology and
Dr. Martin graduated from the University of Virginia as well as guest editor for multiple other journals pancreatic societies. He served as a counselor for the
College of Arts and Sciences and the University of including Clinical Liver Disease. American Gastroenterology Association and the Inter-
Virginia School of Medicine and then served his resi- Dr. Su has broad research interests. In addition to 25 national Association of Pancreatology and was presi-
dency at University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case years investigating innate immune system interactions dent of the American Pancreas Association. He serves
Western Reserve University. He received his fellowship with the liver, Dr. Su has also had a long-standing as editor and chief of Nature’s Clinical and Translational
training in gastroenterology and hepatology at the Uni- research interest in noninvasive methods of assessing Gastroenterology journal, pancreas section editor of
versity of Pittsburgh, where he concentrated in pancre- liver fibrosis and disease. She has developed methods of UpToDate, associate editor for Pancreas and Pancreatol-
aticobiliary disorders and therapeutic endoscopy. He quantitative image analysis that have evolved into ogy, and serves on the advisory board for Nature Reviews
undertook third-tier fellowship training in advanced analytic morphomics, an innovative high-throughput, Gastroenterology & Hepatology. He serves as a peer
interventional endoscopy under Drs. Gregory Haber, highly automated, anatomically indexed methodology reviewer for a number of scientific journals and as a
Norman Marcon, and Paul Kortan at The Wellesley for assessing body composition and organ measure- grant reviewer for the NIH, VA, DOD, and other insti-
Hospital–St. Michael’s, University of Toronto, Ontario, ments from CT scans. By linking the morphological tutions. Dr. Whitcomb co-founded the Midwest Mul-
Canada. Dr. Martin was appointed to the faculty of the data to clinical outcomes, she has developed highly ticenter Pancreatic Study Group, the North American
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in July accurate noninvasive methods for the diagnosis and Pancreatic Study Group, and the Collaborative Alliance
1997, joined the faculty of Northwestern University prognosis of liver disease and other gastrointestinal for Pancreatic Education and Research (CAPER) and
Feinberg School of Medicine in 2003, and was recruited diseases. She is presently the associate director for is the founder and director of the annual international
to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, in 2015. the Morphomics Analysis Group at the University of clinical-translational pancreas working group meeting,
Dr. Martin and his wife, Angela, have two wonderful Michigan. PancreasFest. He also co-founded and is chairman of the
young sons, Owen and Egan, and live in Rochester, Dr. Su is married with a wonderful husband and has medical advisory board of Ariel Precision Medicine LLC,
Minnesota, where they enjoy running, biking, and all two grown sons. a biotechnology company focusing on complex trait
the outdoors have to offer in the upper Midwest. genetics and precision medicine.
THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS vii
About the Editors
Dr. Whitcomb’s research and discoveries resulted in but not altered sweat chloride or lung disease. His work from the International Association of Pancreatology for
a major paradigm shift in understanding inflammatory on pancreatic diseases as a complex gene-environment outstanding contributions to pancreas research.
disease of the pancreas. He has published over 300 disorder also resulted in major advances in a paradigm Dr. Whitcomb and his wife, Chris, have four grown
manuscripts and has edited eight books on pancreatic for personalized medicine. Currently he is leading the children, Jessica Michelle Gibson, David Michael
disease. His laboratory group discovered the gene vari- UPMC Precision Medicine Initiative for Complex Dis- Whitcomb, Laura Edisene Graf, and John Clement
ants causing hereditary pancreatitis (PRSS1), a familial orders at UPMC. Whitcomb III, plus three grandchildren—Weston,
pancreatic cancer gene (PALLD), the primary genetic Dr. Whitcomb has received many honors and awards, Logan, and Holden. He and his wife live in Pittsburgh,
risk factor for alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (CLDN2), including the Collaborative Alliance for Pancreatic Pennsylvania, where they continue to actively support
the smoking risk modifier for chronic pancreatitis Education and Research Lifetime Achievement and local philanthropic organizations and international
(CTRC) and a new CFTR-associated syndrome causing Mentoring Award and the George E. Palade Medal ministries.
pancreatic, male reproductive, and sinus dysfunction
viii THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS
PREFACE
The opportunity to continue to promote the extraor- complexity and integrated beauty of this fascinating from Temple University. Dr. Parkman brings a special
dinary educational value of the exquisite art of Dr. organ system. The classic images Dr. Netter drew were new focus on the neurophysiology and electrical physi-
Frank Netter in a state-of- the-art update of this classic preserved whenever possible and altered only as neces- ology of normal gastric function and disease.
series has been an honor for me and my esteemed asso- sary. Dozens of modern radiographic and endoscopic I review common anatomic, physiologic, and clinical
ciate editors. Netter’s images have brought insightful images have been added to all sections in all volumes. aspects of intestinal disorders in Section 1 of Part II. In
value to students for over 6 decades and have now been The first section in both Parts I and II summarizes Section 2, Dr. Missale Solomon offers a beautifully
updated and enhanced to benefit future generations of shared aspects of the digestive system. Each subsequent written treatment of normal and abnormal disorders of
students. This updated edition of Digestive System has section is dedicated to a specific organ and reviews the primary digestive organ, the small intestine. In
been rewritten and renewed to include cutting-edge normal anatomy and physiology, pathology, pathophys- Section 3, one of modern gastroenterology’s eminent
science and state-of-the-art endoscopic, pathologic, and iology, and disease presentation and treatment. educators and Dean at the University of Connecticut,
radiographic images, along with Netter’s ageless draw- Each section has been written by authors who were Suzi Rose, MD, discusses the colon.
ings and images that provide insights that foster stu- chosen for their dedication to teaching the fascinating Part III reviews the normal physiology and patho-
dents’ and practitioners’ understanding of the anatomy, aspects of the digestive system. I had the honor of physiology of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas.
physiology, and pathophysiology of all eight regions choosing incredibly distinguished associate editors with Grace Su, MD, a distinguished clinician and scientist
that make up the fascinating and complex digestive whom I have had the pleasure of working throughout from the University of Michigan, has exquisitely
system. my career. In each case they have published expertise updated the section on the liver in a way that will bring
Frank Netter, MD, described by the Saturday Evening in their respective organ system and have demonstrated great insights into this, the largest solid organ in the
Post as the “Michelangelo of Medicine,” continues to be their commitment to and skill in medical education. body. John Martin, MD, another premier physician
an icon in medical education. The insightful imagery Their knowledge and insights bring updated scientific from the Mayo Clinic, provides wonderful modern
of his medical illustrations provides value for students understanding of disease mechanisms and current treat- images of the biliary tract in Section 2, as well as
at all levels of experience who seek insights into the ments that will convey understanding of the largest and descriptions of its many associated disorders. Section 3,
structure and function of digestion in ways that few most complex organ system that is unparalleled by on pancreatic function and disease, is written by one of
other texts have in the history of medical education. His other texts. In each section, Dr. Peter Ward updated the world’s premiere scientists and clinicians on pancre-
vision for these texts—integrating factual information each of the subsections on normal anatomy and physiol- atology, Dr. David Whitcomb, chief of gastroenterol-
with visual aids—provides unparalleled insights. While ogy. He has worked hard to preserve the original pic- ogy and hepatology at the University of Pittsburgh.
born at the onset of the twentieth century, his back- tures of Dr. Netter while ensuring the accuracy of the I would like to express my gratitude for the talented
ground mimics many modern medical students— text based on current terminology and science. and dedicated contributors to this wonderful update.
beginning his education in the arts before becoming a In Part I of this three-part set I sought to provide First and foremost, thanks must be given to Dr. Netter
scientist. By following his mother’s wishes to move insights and an overview of the upper digestive tract. posthumously for providing the initial version of this
beyond art and into medicine, Frank Netter used his Michele Young, MD, associate chief of gastroenterology text and its wonderful illustrations. I especially want to
passion and brush to communicate the science and the at the University of Arizona’s Veterans Administrative thank the associate editors and other contributing
art of medicine in unparalleled ways. In distinction to Hospital in Phoenix, has written the first organ-focused authors. I also want to thank the amazing artists
anatomy texts that offer images of structure only, chapter on the complex anatomy, physiology, and patho- who work with the publishers, Jim Perkins, Tiffany
Netter’s paintings also brought incredible insights into physiology of pharyngeal and upper esophageal func- DaVanzo, Kristen Wienandt Marzejon, and especially
the pathophysiology of disease. Just as important, in tions. New insights into imaging and physiologic Dr. Machado, for their talents and commitment to
ways unsurpassed by any other text, he and his dedi- understanding of the complexities of swallowing are preserving the magnificent style and imagery of Dr.
cated disciples have illustrated how patients are affected provided. David A. Katzka, MD, distinguished profes- Netter’s drawing. I want to thank my editors at Elsevier,
by the suffering caused by disease. In all three of these sor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic, revised the section Marybeth Thiel and Elyse O’Grady, for their expertise,
revised parts of Digestive System, new artists, committed on the esophagus, and is clearly one of the world’s patience , and support. Finally, I want to thank my
to the style and value of Dr. Netter’s illustrations and authorities on the topic. New insights into diseases that loving wife for more than 4 decades of unwavering
led by Carlos Machado, MD, have modernized both the are common today but were not known at the time of support of my efforts to make contributions to the field
science and the art of his illustrations in all aspects of the first edition, including Barrett’s esophagus and of gastroenterology, which never ceases to fascinate and
the digestive system. eosinophilic esophagus, are beautifully illustrated and challenge me.
This update of the digestive system’s anatomy and discussed. Part I closes with a section by Henry Parkman,
disease has taken a new approach to communicate the MD, a renowned gastric physiologist and physician James C. Reynolds, MD
THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS ix
ADVISORY BOARD
Julio C. Bai, MD Juan Andrés de Paula, MD David Rubin, MD
Chair of Gastroenterology Chief of the Intestinal Diseases Section Joseph B. Kirsner Professor of Medicine
University of El Salvador Gastrointestinal Division Section Chief, Gastroenterology, Hepatology,
Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. Carlos Bonorino Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires and Nutrition
Udaondo Associate Professor of Medicine and Physiology Co-Director, Digestive Diseases Center
Buenos Aires, Argentina University Institute Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires University of Chicago Medicine and Duchossois
Buenos Aires, Argentina Center
Brian P. Bosworth, MD for Advanced Medicine
Associate Professor of Medicine Janusz A. Jankowski, MD, PhD Chicago, Illinois
Director, Gastroenterology Fellowship Program Consultant Physician
Weill Cornell Medical College University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire Peter D. Siersema, MD, PhD
New York Presbyterian Hospital Honorary Professor Professor of Gastroenterology
New York, New York Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick Head, Department of Gastroenterology
Coventry, United Kingdom and Hepatology
Marcia Cruz-Correa, MD, PhD University Medical Center Utrecht
Associate Professor of Medicine and Biochemistry Utrecht, The Netherlands
University of Puerto Rico
Director, Gastrointestinal Oncology Program
University of Puerto Rico Cancer Center
San Juan, Puerto Rico
xii THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS
CONTRIBUTORS
EDITOR David C. Whitcomb, MD, PhD Lisa M. Glass, MD
Professor of Medicine Clinical Lecturer
James C. Reynolds, MD
Cell Biology & Physiology and Human Genetics, University of Michigan Health System
June F. Klinghoffer Distinguished Professor
Chief, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology Staff Physician
and Chair
and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh Gastroenterology Section
Drexel University College of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Plates 3-9–3-20 Ann Arbor, Michigan
Plates 1-30, 1-53–1-57, 1-73–1-76, 1-85–1-90
SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITOR
CONTRIBUTORS
Hellan K. Kwon, MD
Peter J. Ward, PhD
Henry D. Appelman, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine
Associate Professor of Anatomy
M.R. Abell Professor of Surgical Pathology Division of Gastroenterology
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Department of Pathology Department of Internal Medicine
West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine
University of Michigan University of Michigan Health System
Lewisburg, West Virginia
Ann Arbor, Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan
Plates 1-1–1-18, Plates 2-1–2-4, Plates 3-1–3-8
Plate 1-75 (imaging) Plates 1-24, 1-25, 1-29, 1-42–1-52, 1-61–1-66
ASSOCIATE EDITORS Darwin L. Conwell, MD, MS Aatur Singhi, MD, PhD
Division Director Assistant Professor
John A. Martin, M.D., FASGE
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Associate Professor and Senior Associate Consultant
and Nutrition Department of Pathology
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
The Ohio State University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Mayo Clinic
Wexner Medical Center Plate 3-17–3-20
Rochester, Minnesota;
Columbus, Ohio
Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine and Surgery
Plate 3-12 Jonathon Willatt, MBChB
Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Assistant Professor
Medicine
Timothy L. Frankel, MD Body Imaging and Interventional Radiology
Chicago, Illinois
Assistant Professor University of Michigan
Plates 2-5–2-29
Department of Surgery Ann Arbor, Michigan
University of Michigan Plates 1-85, 1-86, 1-87(imaging)
Grace L. Su, MD
Staff Physician
Professor of Medicine and Surgery
VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System
University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Chief of Gastroenterology and Associate Chief
Plates 1-91–1-100
of Medicine
VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Plates 1-19–1-23, 1-25–1-29, 1-31–1-41, 1-58–1-60,
1-67–1-72, 1-77–1-84
THE NETTER COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS xiii
SECTION 1
LIVER