The Nearer East

319 Pages·1902·15.629 MB·English

by  D.G.Hogarth

THE
NEARER EAST
BV
Drn1'C>--^HOGARl
M.A.
11,
KKi.i.ow Of MA(:i>.\i.KN' coi.i.rt;r., oxruKO
LATK OIKtCTOK OK THE BKITIMI SCtlUOI. AT ATHENS
//'///; M(if>s and Diagrams
LONDON
WILLIAM H K N E M A N N
I
1902
772/i Edition enjoys Copyrii.ht in all
countries signatory to the Berne
Treaty,andisnottobeimported
intotheUnitedStalesnfAmerica
EDITORIAL NOTE
()iL'i/ii^ lo Mr. 11oi^arill's ahseiicc in Lrclc
at the time iclu'ii it was fieiessarv that this
hook should i^i to />n'ss, afeiv errors have
tniforttinately reiuaineduneorrected. These
he has noted on f^age .xvi.
11. M.
J.

P R K V A C
!•:
TnK aim of this vohitne is to present the causative iti-
fliieiice of {geographical conditions upon Man in a
certain rej^ion. As the operation of the ^anie physical
feature may often be traced in diverse aspects of liuman
life, the same idea has to be expressed more than once in
otiier, and sometimes the same, words in such a treatise
as the foliowiu}^. The public for which tliis series is
designed by its promoters is so various, that the first
essential is to be <^enerally intellij^ible. In the matter of
the orthography of proper names, therefore, I have at-
tempted no scholarly precision. Philological translitera-
tions of, e.g., Arabic or Turkish words are escliewed. Such
recognised conventions as " Bedawins " are retained. To
the unfamiliar Asiatic names the Royal Geographical
Society's compromise system has been applied but
;
familiar names, ci^r, in the Holy Land, or tlu)se usually
transliterated on a familiar system, such as the Latin
rendering of Greek, have been left alone. It is useless to
write Lvvia for Eubcra, if Piraeus is not to be Pireefs.
As a guide to pronunciation, an accent has been placed
on the stress syllable of the less familiar names on their
lirst occurrence.
D. G. II.

C N T N T
() li S
FIRST I'ARr
CMACIKK PACE
Arka and TosmoN
I. i
II. THK HaLKAN HtLTS l.i
III. Tmk A.sian A.scent 28
IV. TnK Central Upr.AND . 45
V. South-Wk.stk.kn .I'i.a.in> 58
.
\'l. I'.r.vi'T 77
VII. SlkUCTURK 86
\I1I. I'l.lMATKS 99
IX. Physical Cikcu.nlsianck 118
.
SECOM) IWRI'
X. Di.sTRinuTioN OK Man 146
XI. CIroui'INO 68
1
XII. Products 188
. .
.Xlll. ('OMMUNICATIONS J04
.
XIV. LiKK uNDKk Hai.kan Conditions 229
.
X\'. Like under Wesf Asian Conditions 242
.
-W I. Like under South-West Asian Conditions . 255
X\'1I. Like under North-East .\krican Conditions 270
.XVIII World Rel.vtion 278^
INl)i:X 2S7

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
i/./y.v
The Nearer East Frontispiece
I.
It. Balkan Peninsula. Bathy-.orog.raph.ical.. Tofacepai^c i6
III. Iran. Bathy-orographical .. 48
IV. Asia Minor, Babylonia, IiK)P'- Balhy-orographical .. 80
V. The Nearer East. Land Surface Features . . 128
VI. The Nearer East. Ethnojjraphir . . 176
lUACK.lMS AXn MAPS
1. The Progress .of .Surv.ey .\\\ the .Mj^ean and Anatolian
Regions
!(/ The Progress of.Survey in .-Xnibia
i/^.The Progress ofSurvey in Egypt
2. The Balkan Peninsula, showing the general scheme of the
Mountain Ra.nge.s ..
.....
Macedonia
3.
.....
4. Thessaly 23
5. Rumeiia ... 26
h. Asia Minor, showing the general scheme of the .Mountain
Ranges 30
7. Western Asia .Minor 3i
8. Armenia, showi.ng .the.ge.neral mhrme of the .Mountain
Ranges 40
y. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers 4^
10. Western Iran, showing the genenil scheme of the .Mountain
Ranges
52
I I. 1lu- Cilician datesand the Basin ofAdana ^>3
12. .Syria, showing the general scheme of the Mountain Ranges . 6;