The Mythology Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained

354 Pages·2018·65.883 MB·English

by  DK

THE
MYTHOLOGY
BOOK
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THE
MYTHOLOGY
BOOK
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THE
MYTHOLOGY
BOOK
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DK US/LONDON DK DELHI TOUCAN BOOKS CONTRIBUTORS
AMERICANIZER SENIOR ART EDITOR EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
Nathalie Mornu Mahua Sharma Ellen Dupont
US EDITOR ART EDITORS SENIOR DESIGNER PHILIP WILKINSON, CONSULTANT MICHAEL KERRIGAN
Kayla Dugger Rupanki Kaushik, Debjyoti Mukherjee Thomas Keenes
US EXECUTIVE EDITOR ASSISTANT ART EDITOR SENIOR EDITOR
Lori Hand Mridushmita Bose Abigail Mitchell Philip Wilkinson has written more than 50 books on history, Michael Kerrigan contributed to the Chambers Dictionary of
PROJECT ART EDITOR SENIOR EDITOR EDITORS religions, the arts, and mythology. His titles include Mythology Beliefs and Religion (1993) and The Times World Religions (2002).
Duncan Turner Anita Kakar John Andrews, Guy Croton, Sue George, and Religions in Dorling Kindersley’s Eyewitness Companions His books include BBC Ancient Civilizations: Greece (2001) and
ILLUSTRATIONS ASSISTANT EDITORS Larry Porges, ARancnhae Sl oWuathrrgeant eC,h Daodrdo thy Stannard, series, Myths and Legends, and A Celebration of Customs and Ancient Rome (2002); The Ancients in their Own Words (2009);
James Graham Rishi Bryan, Aishvarya Misra Rituals of the World, which was endorsed and adopted by the and Celtic Legends (2016).
JACKET EDITOR JACKET DESIGNERS EDITOMRIicAhLa eAl CSlSaIrSkTANT United Nations.
Claire Gell Suhita Dharamjit, Juhi Sheth NEIL PHILIP
SENIORM JaArkC CKaEvTan DagEhSIGNER HaSriEshN AIOgRg aDrTwPa Dl, EShSaIGnkNerE PRrSas ad MIaNriDe ELXorEimRe r GEORGIE CARROLL
DEVEJLAOCPKMEETN DTE MSIAGNNA GER DTVPik DraEmS SIGinNghER PICTUShRaEro Rn ESoSuEtAhrRenCHER Georgie Carroll is a PhD candidate at SOAS University of London Nmeyitlh Pohloilgipy, iisn tchlued aiuntgh oMr yotfh noulomgeyr oouf tsh beo Wokosr lodn; Tfohlek lGorree aatn Md ystery:
Sophia MTT PICTURE RESEARCHER PROOFREADER working on eco-aesthetics in Indian literature. She is author of Myths of Native America; and Dorling Kindersley’s Eyewitness
PRODUCER, PRE-PRODUCTION Aditya Katyal Marion Dent Mouse (Animal) (2015), and a fiction writer. Companions: Mythology.
Andy Hilliard JACKETS EDITORIAL COORDINATOR ADDITIONAL TEXT
PRODUCER Priyanka Sharma Andrea Jovanovic, Cynthia O’Brien, Joan Strasbaugh DR. MARK FAULKNER DR. NICHOLAUS PUMPHREY
Alex Bell MANAGING JACKETS EDITOR First American Edition, 2018
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
MANAGING EDITOR Saloni Singh 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
MANAAGnIgNeGle sA GRaTvi rEaDITOR PICTURE TRaEiySaEbaA KRhCaHto oMnANAGER DCKo,p ay rDigivhits i©on 2 0o1f 8P eDnogrulining R Kainnddoemrsl eHyo Luisme iLteLdC Drert.u Mrnairnkg F taou alkcnaedre mliviead a anndd g waionriknegd h inis APfhrDic,a w fohri c1h7 fyoecaursse bde ofonr eth e DStru. dNiiecsh oalnadu sC Puuramtoprh orfe yth ies Qthuea Aylses Bisitbalen tC Porlolefecstisoonr aotf RBealkigerio us
Michael Duffy PRE-PRODUCTION MANAGER 18 19 20 21 22 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Boni hunter-gatherer community. He now lectures in Religions of University in Baldwin City, Kansas. He specializes in Biblical
Balwant Singh 001–305931–May/2018 Africa at SOAS (School of Oriental and African Studies), University Studies, Ancient Near Eastern History and Literature, and Islamic
ASSOCIATE PUBLISHING DIRECTOR
Liz Wheeler PRODUCTION MANAGER All rights reserved. of London. Studies. Currently, he is a senior staff member on the Tel Akko
Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved
Pankaj Sharma Total Archaeology project in Akko, Israel.
ART DIRECTOR above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
Karen Self SENIOR MANAGING EDITOR in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in DR. JACOB F. FIELD
DESIGN DIRECTOR Rohan Sinha phoatnoyc ofoprymin, go,r rbeyc oarndyin mg,e oarn os t(heelerwctirsoen)i,c w, mitheocuhta tnhicea pl,r ior JULIETTE TOCINO-SMITH
Philip Ormerod MANAGING ART EDITOR written permission of the copyright owner.
Sudakshina Basu Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited Dr. Jacob F. Field is a historian who is currently a research associate at
PUBLISHING DIRECTOR the University of Cambridge. His academic work focuses on the Great Juliette Tocino-Smith is a postgraduate student at University
Jonathan Metcalf A catalog record for this book is available from the Library
of Congress. Fire of London and British social and economic history. He has also College, London. During her undergraduate studies, she spent a
original styling by ISBN 978-1-4654-7337-0 written five books for a popular audience. semester in South Korea, where she became fascinated by the way
STUDIO 8
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in which fiction and mythology had come together in shaping
in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or
educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special DR. JOHN HAYWOOD contemporary Korean society.
Markets, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
[email protected]
Printed and bound in China Dr. John Haywood studied medieval history at the universities of
Lancaster, Cambridge, and Copenhagen. He is the author of over
A WORLD OF IDEAS:
20 books, including Viking: the Norse Warrior’s Unofficial Manual
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW (2013) and Northmen: the Viking Saga 793-1241 (2015).
www.dk.com
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CONTRIBUTORS
PHILIP WILKINSON, CONSULTANT MICHAEL KERRIGAN
Philip Wilkinson has written more than 50 books on history, Michael Kerrigan contributed to the Chambers Dictionary of
religions, the arts, and mythology. His titles include Mythology Beliefs and Religion (1993) and The Times World Religions (2002).
and Religions in Dorling Kindersley’s Eyewitness Companions His books include BBC Ancient Civilizations: Greece (2001) and
series, Myths and Legends, and A Celebration of Customs and Ancient Rome (2002); The Ancients in their Own Words (2009);
Rituals of the World, which was endorsed and adopted by the and Celtic Legends (2016).
United Nations.
NEIL PHILIP
GEORGIE CARROLL
Neil Philip is the author of numerous books on folklore and
Georgie Carroll is a PhD candidate at SOAS University of London mythology, including Mythology of the World; The Great Mystery:
working on eco-aesthetics in Indian literature. She is author of Myths of Native America; and Dorling Kindersley’s Eyewitness
Mouse (Animal) (2015), and a fiction writer. Companions: Mythology.
DR. MARK FAULKNER DR. NICHOLAUS PUMPHREY
Dr. Mark Faulkner lived and worked in Africa for 17 years before Dr. Nicholaus Pumphrey is the Assistant Professor of Religious
returning to academia and gaining his PhD, which focused on the Studies and Curator of the Quayle Bible Collection at Baker
Boni hunter-gatherer community. He now lectures in Religions of University in Baldwin City, Kansas. He specializes in Biblical
Africa at SOAS (School of Oriental and African Studies), University Studies, Ancient Near Eastern History and Literature, and Islamic
of London. Studies. Currently, he is a senior staff member on the Tel Akko
Total Archaeology project in Akko, Israel.
DR. JACOB F. FIELD
JULIETTE TOCINO-SMITH
Dr. Jacob F. Field is a historian who is currently a research associate at
the University of Cambridge. His academic work focuses on the Great Juliette Tocino-Smith is a postgraduate student at University
Fire of London and British social and economic history. He has also College, London. During her undergraduate studies, she spent a
written five books for a popular audience. semester in South Korea, where she became fascinated by the way
in which fiction and mythology had come together in shaping
DR. JOHN HAYWOOD contemporary Korean society.
Dr. John Haywood studied medieval history at the universities of
Lancaster, Cambridge, and Copenhagen. He is the author of over
20 books, including Viking: the Norse Warrior’s Unofficial Manual
(2013) and Northmen: the Viking Saga 793-1241 (2015).
US_004-005_Imprint_Contributers.indd 5 01/12/17 5:18 pm
CONTENTS
88 She wants Adonis
NORTHERN EUROPE
more than she does
heaven itself
Aphrodite and Adonis
130 From Ymir’s flesh the
10 INTRODUCTION 42 Zeus had many women, 90 Whatever I touch, may it earth was made
both mortal and immortal be transformed into Creation of the universe
The many affairs of Zeus tawny gold
King Midas 134 The ash of Yggdrasil is
ANCIENT GREECE 48 Mighty Hades who dwells the noblest of trees
112 I love you as I love my
in houses beneath 91 In a single day and night Odin and the World Tree
own soul
the earth the island of Atlantis
Cupid and Psyche
18 Gaia first gave birth to her Hades and the Underworld disappeared beneath 140 The first war in the world
equal, Ouranos 64 This pair of tyrants. They the waves 114 I am on fire with love for War of the gods
Origin of the universe 50 He slipped a pomegranate, murdered my father The legend of Atlantis my own self
sweet as honey, Orestes avenges Agamemnon Narcissus and Echo 142 They mixed honey with
24 Rhea swaddled up a stone into her hand the blood and it turned
ANCIENT ROME
and passed it to Kronos The abduction of Persephone 66 Tell me oh muse, the 115 She yet spins her thread, into mead
to swallow hero’s story as a spider The Mead of Poetry
The birth of Zeus 52 The raving ladies The quest of Odysseus Arachne and Minerva
streamed out of 96 I sing of arms and 144 Thor might smite as hard
32 Zeus in his first their homes 72 After the labors had been the man 116 I pay the due penalty as he desired and the
youth battered the The cult of Dionysus accomplished, he would Aeneas, founder of Rome in blood hammer would not fail
earthborn Titans be immortal The treasures of the gods
Cybele and Attis
The war of the gods and Titans 53 Turning ’round, he caught The labors of Herakles 102 A desire seized Romulus
a glimpse of his wife and and Remus to build a city 146 Am I wrong in thinking
118 Mithras is the Lord
34 No wind beats roughly she had to return below 76 He had the face of a bull, The founding of Rome of generation that this little fellow
here, no snow nor rain Orpheus and Eurydice but the rest of him is Thor?
106 The father of gods spurts Mithras and the bull
Mount Olympus was human The adventures of Thor and
red flames through
54 A bringer of dreams Theseus and the Minotaur the clouds 120 He carved a statue out of Loki in Jötunheim
36 He bound cunning Hermes’s first day
Numa outwits Jupiter snow-white ivory
Prometheus in 78 Disdaining his father’s Pygmalion 148 The unluckiest deed
inescapable fetters 56 Athena presents the olive warnings, the exhilarated ever done among
108 Conceive of Vesta
Prometheus helps mankind tree, Poseidon the wave Icarus soared ever higher as naught but the 121 For lying with me, take gods and men
The founding of Athens Daedalus and Icarus living flame control of the hinge The death of Baldur
40 Her impluse introduced
Vesta and Priapus Carna and Janus
sorrow and mischief to 58 I will give infallible 82 Watching the Gorgon’s 150 Brother will fight brother
the lives of men counsel to all who seek it head in the polished 110 The fates will leave me 122 No wood nymph could and be his slayer
Pandora’s box Apollo and the Oracle shield, he beheaded her my voice, and by my tend a garden more The twilight of the gods
of Delphi Perseus and Medusa voice I shall be known skilfuly than she
The sibyl of Cumae Pomona and Vertumnus 158 When the worm comes
60 One loved; the other fled 84 Hate is a bottomless cup, to the water, smite him
the name of love I will pour and pour 124 Even death shall not in the heart
Apollo and Daphne Jason and Medea part us Sigurd the dragon slayer
Pyramus and Thisbe
62 Life and death are 86 Unfortunate Oedipus— 160 Wonderful the magic
balanced on the edge of all men, least to 125 Those whom the gods care sampo, plenty does
of a razor be envied! for are gods it bring to northland
The Trojan War The fate of Oedipus Philemon and Baucis The Kalevala
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88 She wants Adonis
NORTHERN EUROPE
more than she does
heaven itself
Aphrodite and Adonis
130 From Ymir’s flesh the
90 Whatever I touch, may it earth was made
be transformed into Creation of the universe
tawny gold
King Midas 134 The ash of Yggdrasil is
the noblest of trees
112 I love you as I love my
91 In a single day and night Odin and the World Tree
own soul
the island of Atlantis
Cupid and Psyche
disappeared beneath 140 The first war in the world
the waves War of the gods
114 I am on fire with love for
The legend of Atlantis
my own self
142 They mixed honey with
Narcissus and Echo
the blood and it turned
ANCIENT ROME
into mead
115 She yet spins her thread,
The Mead of Poetry
as a spider
Arachne and Minerva
96 I sing of arms and 144 Thor might smite as hard
the man as he desired and the
116 I pay the due penalty
Aeneas, founder of Rome
hammer would not fail
in blood
The treasures of the gods
Cybele and Attis
102 A desire seized Romulus
and Remus to build a city
146 Am I wrong in thinking
118 Mithras is the Lord
The founding of Rome
that this little fellow
of generation
is Thor?
106 The father of gods spurts Mithras and the bull
The adventures of Thor and
red flames through
Loki in Jötunheim
the clouds 120 He carved a statue out of
Numa outwits Jupiter snow-white ivory
148 The unluckiest deed
Pygmalion
ever done among
108 Conceive of Vesta
gods and men
as naught but the 121 For lying with me, take
The death of Baldur
living flame control of the hinge
Vesta and Priapus Carna and Janus
150 Brother will fight brother
and be his slayer
110 The fates will leave me 122 No wood nymph could
The twilight of the gods
my voice, and by my tend a garden more
voice I shall be known skilfuly than she
The sibyl of Cumae Pomona and Vertumnus 158 When the worm comes
to the water, smite him
in the heart
124 Even death shall not
part us Sigurd the dragon slayer
Pyramus and Thisbe
160 Wonderful the magic
125 Those whom the gods care sampo, plenty does
for are gods it bring to northland
Philemon and Baucis The Kalevala
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164 The Dagda was eighty 198 Two spirits, one good, 216 The 10 suns all rose at 240 Begin a Deerskin Dance 308 Spear me slowly. I still
years in the kingship the other evil, in thought, once, scorching the for it because everything have more to teach you
of Ireland word, and deed sheaves of grain will come out well The killing of Luma-Luma
A complex god Ahura Mazda and Ahriman Yi shoots the sun from that
The Woge settle a dispute 310 The world of myth
165 As soon as he touched 200 Brahma opened his eyes 218 I’ll roam the corners is never far off
the earth, he was and realized he was alone of the oceans and go 242 She was the shade The Déma
a heap of ashes Brahma creates the cosmos to the edge of the sky of the whale
The voyage of Bran The adventures of the The raven and the whale 316 Master of everything
201 Siva placed the elephant’s Monkey King that is
head on the torso and
166 One will be long 244 And the sun belongs Ta’aroa gives birth to
revived the boy 274 Isis lived in the form of
forgetting Cúchulainn 220 Having finished making to one and the moon the gods
The birth of Ganesha a woman, who had the
The cattle raid of Cooley the lands, they went on to the other
knowledge of words
to make its spirits The Hero Twins 318 Death obtained power
202 O king, it is wrong to of power
168 He has the name of being Izanagi and Izanami over mankind
gamble oneself! Ra’s secret name
the strongest and bravest 248 So then the sun went into Tane and Hine-titama
The game of dice
man in Ireland 222 All manner of calamities the sky
276 He will not die! Osiris will
Finn MacCool and the arose everywhere The legend of the five suns 320 But the redoubtable
204 Rama is virtuous and the live a life forever
Giant’s Causeway Susanoo and Amaterasu Maui was not to
foremost among all Osiris and the underworld
256 In the beginning, and be discouraged
righteous men
170 So they took the blossoms The Ramayana 226 Your rice of the Skyworld before this world 284 If they built fires, evil Maui of a thousand tricks
and produced from them is good was created, there was
would come
a maiden 210 I am the lady, ruler of Fire and rice a being called Viracocha San creation myth 324 What would you say to
Blodeuwedd Viracocha the Creator our driving the birds
the worlds
Durga slays the buffalo demon 228 There was a man 285 I will give you something to Easter Island?
172 Who so pulleth out called Dan’gun 258 The canoe was called cattle Makemake and Haua
this sword is the 211 O! Meenakshi! Fish-eyed Wanggeom who created a a wonder En-kai and the cattle
rightwise king born goddess! Grant me bliss! city and founded a nation The first canoe 326 When I utter his name,
of all England The fish-eyed goddess finds The legendary foundation 286 Tie the calabash behind he hears in the heavens
The legend of King Arthur a husband of Korea 260 The creator of the you and then you will be Mapusia and the Work of
world has always existed able to climb the tree the Gods
212 You are to be the king 230 Hae Mosu made the The sky makes the sun Ananse the spider
ASIA over all the world sun shine and its and earth 332 I do not forget the
The origins of the Baiga rays caressed 288 The life-force of the earth guiding stars
Yuwha’s body is water Aluluei and the art
182 From the great heaven 214 Yang became the heavens, Jumong ANCIENT EGYPT The Dogon cosmos of navigation
the goddess set her mind Yin became the earth
on the great below Pangu and the creation of AND AFRICA 294 The queen wants to
The descent of Inanna the world THE AMERICAS kill you
334 DIRECTORY
Eshu the trickster
188 Command and bring 266 I was alone with the
about annihilation and 236 The Earth is a giant island Primeval Ocean 344 INDEX
re-creation floating in a sea of water The creation and the OCEANIA
Marduk and Tiamat Cherokee creation first gods
351 QUOTE ATTRIBUTIONS
190 Who can rival his 238 It will not be well if they 272 Hail to you, Ra, perfect 302 Come and hear our
kingly standing? omit it each day! stories, see our land
352 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The epic of Gilgamesh Spider Woman The night barque of Ra The Dreaming
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