The Myth of an Afterlife The Myth of an Afterlife The Case against Life after Death Edited by Michael Martin and Keith Augustine ROWMAN&LITTLEFIELD Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•London PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com UnitA,WhitacreMews,26-34StannaryStreet,LondonSE114AB Copyright©2015byMichaelMartinandKeithAugustine Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Themythofanafterlife:thecaseagainstlifeafterdeath/[editedby]MichaelMartinandKeith Augustine. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-8108-8677-3(cloth:alk.paper)—ISBN978-0-8108-8678-0(ebook) 1.Futurelife.I.Martin,Michael,1932February3-editor. BL535.M982015 129—dc23 2014039697 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica ToEdwardTabash Ifwelongtobelievethatthestarsriseandsetforus,thatwearethereason thereisaUniverse,doessciencedousadisserviceindeflatingourconceits? —CarlSagan,TheDemon-HauntedWorld ScienceasaCandleintheDark(1995) Contents Foreword:OntheOriginofAfterlifeBeliefsbyMeansofMemetic Selection xiii SteveStewart-Williams Preface xxvii 1 Introduction 1 KeithAugustine PartI:EmpiricalArgumentsforAnnihilation 49 2 DeadasaDoornail:Souls,Brains,andSurvival 53 MattMcCormick 3 ExplainingPersonality:SoulTheoryversusBehaviorGenetics 69 JeanMercer 4 DissolutionintoDeath:TheMind’sLastSymptomsIndicate Annihilation 83 DavidWeisman 5 TheArgumentfromBrainDamageVindicated 105 RoccoJ.GennaroandYonatanI.Fishman 6 NoMentalLifeafterBrainDeath:TheArgumentfromthe NeuralLocalizationofMentalFunctions 135 GualtieroPiccininiandSonyaBahar 7 TheNeuralSubstrateofEmotionsandEmotionalProcessing 171 CarlosJ.Álvarez 8 Brain,Language,andSurvivalafterDeath 183 TerenceHines ix