The Mystics of al-Andalus PDF
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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18467-1 — The Mystics of al-Andalus Yousef Casewit Frontmatter More Information TheMysticsofal-Andalus ThetwelfthcenturyCEwasawatershedmomentformysticisminthe MuslimWest.Inal-Andalus,thepioneersofthismysticaltradition,the Muʿtabiruˉn or “Contemplators,” championed a symbiotic reading of Muslim scriptural sources alongside Neoplatonized cosmological doctrines. Ibn Barrajaˉn of Seville was most responsible for shaping this new intellectual approach to the Qurʾaˉn and Hadˉıth in the Muslim West, and is the focus of Yousef Casewit’s book. Ibn Barrajaˉn’s extensive commentaries on the divine names and the Qurʾaˉn stress the significance of God’s signs in nature, the Arabic Bible as a means of interpreting Muslim scripture, and the mystical “crossing” (i’tibaˉr) from the visible to the unseen. With an examinationoftheunderstudiedwritingsofbothIbnBarrajaˉnandhis contemporaries, Ibn al-ʿArˉıf andIbn Qasˉı, as well as the wider socio- politicalandscholarlycontextofal-Andalus,thisbookwillappealto researchersofthemedievalIslamicworldandthehistoryofSufismin theMuslimWest. Yousef Casewit is Assistant Professor of Qurʾanic Studies at the University of Chicago. He was formerly a Humanities Research FellowatNewYorkUniversity,AbuDhabi.Heistheco-editor(with Gerhard Böwering) of A Qurʾaˉn Commentary by Ibn Barrajaˉn of Seville(2016). © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18467-1 — The Mystics of al-Andalus Yousef Casewit Frontmatter More Information CambridgeStudiesinIslamicCivilization EditorialBoard ChaseF.Robinson,TheGraduateCenter,TheCityUniversityofNewYork (generaleditor) MichaelCook,PrincetonUniversity MaribelFierro,SpanishNationalResearchCouncil AlanMikhail,YaleUniversity DavidO.Morgan,ProfessorEmeritus,UniversityofWisconsin-Madison IntisarRabb,HarvardUniversity MuhammadQasimZaman,PrincetonUniversity Othertitlesintheseriesarelistedatthebackofthebook. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18467-1 — The Mystics of al-Andalus Yousef Casewit Frontmatter More Information The Mystics of al-Andalus ˉ Ibn Barrajan and Islamic Thought in the Twelfth Century YOUSEF CASEWIT TheUniversityofChicago © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18467-1 — The Mystics of al-Andalus Yousef Casewit Frontmatter More Information UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 4843/24,2ndFloor,AnsariRoad,Daryaganj,Delhi–110002,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107184671 DOI:10.1017/9781316882252 ©YousefCasewit2017 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2017 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Casewit,Yousef,author. Title:Themysticsofal-Andalus:IbnBarrajanandIslamicthoughtinthe twelfthcentury/YousefCasewit,AmericanUniversityofSharjah,UAE. Description:Cambridge;NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,[2017]| Series:CambridgeStudiesinIslamicCivilization Identifiers:LCCN2016056427|ISBN9781107184671 Subjects:LCSH:IbnBarrajaˉn,ʿAbdal-SalaˉmibnʿAbdal-Rahmaˉnibn ˙ Muhammad,–1141.|Sufism–Spain–Andalusia–History.| ˙ Mysticism–Islam–Spain–Andalusia.|Sufis–Spain–Andalusia–Biography. Classification:LCCBP188.8.S72A5332017|DDC297.409468–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016056427 ISBN978-1-107-18467-1Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracy ofURLsforexternalorthird-partyInternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18467-1 — The Mystics of al-Andalus Yousef Casewit Frontmatter More Information Tomydearwife,MalihaChishti, theloveandjoyofmylife, whosurpassesmeincharacterandscholarship. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18467-1 — The Mystics of al-Andalus Yousef Casewit Frontmatter More Information Contents Acknowledgments pagexii NotesontheText xv ListofAbbreviations xvi Introduction 1 IbnBarrajaˉnattheForefrontoftheMuʿtabiruˉnTradition 5 LiteratureReview 8 OverviewofChapters 9 TheHistoricalContext:TheRiseandDemise oftheal-MuraˉbituˉnDynasty 14 ˙ 1 TheBeginningsofaMysticalDiscourseinal-Andalus 22 IbnMasarra,Maˉlikism,andthePoliticsofan EpistemologicalDebate Introduction 22 I Renunciation 25 TheEarlyUmayyadPeriod 25 RetreatersfromthePoliticalSphere 27 TheLateEmirateandEarlyCaliphatePeriod 28 TheRenunciantTraditioninSeville 30 II IbnMasarra:TheFirstAndalusˉıMuʿtabir 33 III PoliticizedEpistemologicalDebates 39 PolemicsOverthe“AcquisitionofProphecy”and“Miracles ofSaints” 39 WasThereanUsuˉlControversyinal-Andalus? 42 ˙ TheAl-MuraˉbituˉnState-JuristEntente 46 ˙ TheIhyaˉʾControversy 50 ˙ vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18467-1 — The Mystics of al-Andalus Yousef Casewit Frontmatter More Information viii Contents 2 TheRiseoftheAndalusˉıMuʿtabiruˉn 57 TheInfluenceofGhazaˉlˉı,MarkersoftheMuʿtabiruˉnTradition, andtheOnsetofInstitutionalSufism Introduction 57 I Ghazaˉlˉı’sIntellectualInfluenceDuringtheFormativePeriod ofAndalusˉıMysticism 59 IbnBarrajaˉn 59 Ibnal-ʿArˉıf 61 IbnQasˉı 64 II WereIbnBarrajaˉn,Ibnal-ʿArˉıf,andIbnQasˉı“Sufis”? 67 WasRenunciationaPrecursorofSufism? 74 III TheOnsetofInstitutionalSufismintheMaghrib andal-Andalus 84 IbnTuˉmart 84 Abuˉ Madyan:“TheJunaydoftheWest” 86 Taˉdilˉı’sSufiHagiography:al-Tashawwuf 88 3 TheLifeofaContemplative 91 IbnBarrajaˉn’sEducationalFormation,SpiritualPractices, PoliticalViews,andDecease Introduction 91 I EarlyYears,EducationalTraining 92 HisNisba,Kunya,Ism,Laqab 92 HisBrotherand“Grandson” 96 EducationalFormation 98 Thereligioussciencesandthe“sciencesoftheancients” (ʿuluˉmal-awaˉʾil) 98 Hisattitudetowardjurisprudence(fiqh)andlegaltheory (usuˉlal-fiqh) 104 ˙ II HisStudentsandDisciples 107 III EschewingtheSultan(inqibaˉdʿanal-sultaˉn),PoliticalViews, ˙ ˙ andDecease 111 PracticeofInqibaˉd 111 ˙ MethodicalPracticeofIʿtibaˉr 114 PracticeofDhikr 115 PoliticalViews 117 TheImaˉmate 117 Jihaˉd 119 End-times 121 SummoningofIbnal-ʿArˉıf,Mayuˉrqˉı,andIbnBarrajaˉn toMarrakesh 122 Ibnal-ʿArˉıf’sDeath 124 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18467-1 — The Mystics of al-Andalus Yousef Casewit Frontmatter More Information Contents ix AbuˉBakrb.al-Mayuˉrqˉı’sDeath 124 IbnBarrajaˉn’sDeath 125 4 TheWorksofIbnBarrajaˉn 128 ChronologicalSequence,ManuscriptTradition, CentralThemes Introduction 128 I Al-Irshaˉdilaˉ subulal-rashaˉd 129 ContextualizingtheIrshaˉd 131 ExcerptoftheIrshaˉdfromZarkashˉı 132 II SharhasmaˉʾAllaˉhal-husnaˉ 136 ˙ ˙ IbnBarrajaˉn’sInterpretiveApproachtotheDivineNames 141 OrganizationalStructureoftheSharh 144 ˙ 1 Lexicalanalysis(takhrˉıjlughawˉı) 144 2 Contemplativecrossing(iʿtibaˉr) 144 3 Devotionalpracticeofservanthood(taʿabbud) 147 LetterSpeculationsintheSharh 148 ˙ IbnBarrajaˉn’sSharhversusGhazaˉlˉı’sMaqsad 150 ˙ ˙ UnidentifiedSourcesoftheSharh 154 ˙ CitationsandReferencesintheSharh 155 ˙ III Tanbˉıhal-afhaˉmilaˉ tadabbuˉral-kitaˉbal-hakˉım ˙ wa-taʿarrufal-aˉyaˉtwa-l-nabaʾal-ʿazˉım 157 ˙ StylisticandOrganizationalFeaturesoftheTanbˉıh 159 IV Īdaˉhal-hikmabi-ahkaˉmal-ʿibra 163 ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ Introduction,Style,Structure,andCompositionoftheĪdaˉh 165 ˙ ˙ CentralThemesoftheĪdaˉh 166 ˙ ˙ CitationsintheTanbˉıhandĪdaˉh 167 ˙ ˙ V ʿAynal-yaqˉın 170 5 TheDivineDescent 171 BridgingtheChasmbetweenGodandCreation Introduction 171 I TheDoctrineoftheUniversalServant(al-ʿabdal-kullˉı) 172 TheUniversalServantVersustheParticularServant(al-ʿabd al-juzʾˉı) 176 ThePrincipleofCorrespondenceBetweentheHumanBeing, Creation,andRevelation 177 II TheRealityUponWhichCreationIsCreated(HMBK) 181 ˙ HMBKHeraldstheClearReality(al-Haqqal-Mubˉın) 188 ˙ ˙ III Ontology:OneWujuˉd,TwoWorlds,MultipleLevels 190 BetweenTanzˉıhoftheAshʿarˉısandTashbˉıhofthe Anthropomorphists 190 ScripturalProof-TextsforIbnBarrajaˉn’sOntology 193 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18467-1 — The Mystics of al-Andalus Yousef Casewit Frontmatter More Information x Contents TheHiddenObject(al-khabʾ) 193 TheTwoBreaths(nafasayn/fayhayn) 195 ˙ APhilosophicalExplanation:ImaginalExistence (al-wujuˉdal-mithaˉlˉı) 195 TheParableoftheMustardSeed 197 IV ReadingtheSignsofGod 199 TheExclusiveSignsofGod(aˉyaˉtkhaˉssa):SunandMoon 202 ˙˙ Water:TheActivePrincipleofExistence 203 SecondarySignsofGod 204 6 TheHermeneuticsofCertainty 206 Harmony,Hierarchy,andHegemonyoftheQurʾaˉn Introduction 206 I Harmony:TheQurʾaˉnasaPerfectandUnequivocal Text 209 HarmoniousnessandCoherenceoftheQurʾaˉn(nazm) 209 ˙ Thematicharmony 212 ThemesoftheSuˉras 215 Explicativeharmony 216 Symmetricalharmony 217 TheTheoryofAbrogation(naskh) 217 II Hierarchy:FromtheCelestialTablettotheWritten Page 221 HierarchicalLevelsoftheQurʾaˉn 221 The“SupremeQurʾaˉn”Versusthe“ExaltedQurʾaˉn” 223 “Compact”(muhkamaˉt)Versus“Consimilar”(mutashaˉbihaˉt) ˙ Verses 226 The“DisconnectedLetters”(al-huruˉfal-muqattaʿa) 230 ˙ ˙˙ ThePrimacyofSuˉras1(al-Faˉtiha)&2(al-Baqara) 234 ˙ ProtologicalandEscatologicalModesofInterpretation(taʾwˉıl) 236 III Hegemony:TheEpistemologicalPrimacyofthe Qurʾaˉn 238 TheQurʾaˉnIsItsOwnInterpreter 238 VariantReadings(qiraˉʾaˉt)andtheSevenLectiones(ahruf) 240 ˙ TheUseofWeakHadˉıthstoExplaintheQurʾaˉn 241 ˙ 7 AMuslimScholaroftheBible 245 BiblicalProof-TextsforQurʾaˉnicTeachingsintheExegetical WorksofIbnBarrajaˉn Introduction 245 IbnBarrajaˉnandtheArabicBible 248 IbnBarrajaˉn’sAccesstotheBooksoftheBible 250 TheEpistemologicalHegemonyoftheQurʾaˉn 255 TheSupersessionofPre-IslamicReligions(naskh) 257 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18467-1 — The Mystics of al-Andalus Yousef Casewit Frontmatter More Information Contents xi InterpretiveSolutionstoInterscripturalIncongruities 259 1 HistoricalContextualization 259 2 AllegoricalInterpretation(taʾwˉıl) 260 DoestheBibleChallengetheQurʾaˉn? 261 TwoExtremes:IbnHazm’sVersusIbnBarrajaˉn’sBiblical ˙ Engagement 262 8 TheHumanAscent 266 Iʿtibaˉr,CyclesofTime,andFuturePredictions Introduction 266 I Iʿtibaˉr:AcquiringEmpiricalKnowledgeoftheSelf 269 NegotiatingtheBoundariesoftheUnseen 275 HisAssessmentofIbnMasarra’siʿtibaˉr 277 HisViewoftheFalaˉsifa 278 AnEgalitarianSpirituality? 278 II TheDescentoftheDivineCommand 280 TheStructureoftheCosmos 280 TheDescentoftheDivineCommand 282 TheCyclesofDetermination 283 TheCyclicalConceptofTime(dawaˉʾiral-zamaˉn) 286 TheSymbolicSignificanceofNumber6 288 TheCycleof1,000LunarMonths 293 III FuturePredictions 294 TheJerusalemPrediction 299 TranslationoftheJerusalemPrediction 302 Conclusion 307 WhyDidIbnBarrajaˉnChoosetheDivineNamesTradition andQurʾaˉnicExegesistoExpressHisTeachings? 308 RethinkingExegesisVersusEisegesis 308 HisMainSources 310 AFinalThoughtonthe“Ghazaˉlˉıofal-Andalus” 313 Bibliography 315 IndexofNames 346 IndexofTerms 349 © in this web service Cambridge University Press 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