2 3 Published 2013 by Prometheus Books The Murder of Cleopatra: History’s Greatest Cold Cas.e Copyright © 2013 by Pat Brown. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, digital, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or conveyed via the Internet or a website without prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Every attempt has been made to trace accurate ownership of copyrighted material in this book. Errors and omissions will be corrected in subsequent editions, provided that notification is sent to the publisher. Cover image © 2013 iStockPhoto Cover design by Nicole Sommer-Lecht Inquiries should be addressed to Prometheus Books 59 John Glenn Drive Amherst, New York 14228–2119 VOICE: 716–691–0133 FAX: 716–691–0137 WWW.PROMETHEUSBOOKS.COM 17161514 13 54 3 21 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brown, Pat, 1955- The murder of Cleopatra : history’s greatest cold case / by Pat Brown. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61614-650-4 (pbk.) ISBN 978-1-61614-651-1 (ebook) 1. Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, d. 30 B.C. 2. Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, d. 30 B.C.—Death and burial. 3. Queens—Egypt. 4. Egypt—Kings and rulers. 5. Egypt —History—332-30 B.C. I. Title. DT92.7.B78 2013 932.021092--dc23 2012040641 4 Printed in the United States of America 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NOTE TO THE READER PROLOGUE: THE MYTH OF CLEOPATRA’S DEATH Chapter 1: The Coldest Case Chapter 2: The Phantom Cobra Chapter 3: The Stage: Ancient Alexandria Chapter 4: The Making of the Queen: Part One—The Ancestors Chapter 5: The Making of the Queen: Part Two—The Macedonian Lineage Chapter 6: The Making of the Queen: Part Three—The Family Chapter 7: Cleopatra VII Becomes Queen 6 Chapter 8: Julius Caesar Chapter 9: Mark Antony Chapter 10: Octavian Chapter 11: The Road to Actium: Part One—The Conflict Chapter 12: The Road to Actium: Part Two—The Partners Chapter 13: The Road to Actium: Part Three—The Preparations Chapter 14: Actium Chapter 15: Plan B—The First Attempt to Flee Egypt Chapter 16: Plan C—The Second Attempt to Flee Egypt Chapter 17: A Motive for the Murder of Cleopatra Chapter 18: The Unforeseen Murder of Antony Chapter 19: The Capture of Cleopatra 7 Chapter 20: The Reconstruction Chapter 21: Octavian’s Triumph AFTERWORD: WHAT THIS NEW VIEW OF CLEOPATRA MEANS TO WORLD HISTORY Photo Insert NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX ABOUT THE AUTHOR 8 This exploration of the life and death of Cleopatra VII has been one of the most fascinating adventures of my life, and, once I decided there was a story to tell, I knew I needed others along with me who wanted the ideas I developed to get out into the world. The journey started in 2003 with Discovery Channel and Atlantic Productions, and if they hadn’t selected me to analyze this part of history and be the host of The Mysterious Death of Cleopatra, this book likely would not have been written. Next I have to thank my wonderful and incredibly supportive literary agent, Claire Gerus, who believed in this book and fought to find a publisher who would believe in it is as well. She brought me to Steven L. Mitchell and Prometheus Books, who took this book on and brought it to fruition. I can’t thank Steven enough for choosing this story of Cleopatra for publication. Finally, I want to thank the people of Egypt for making my two trips so enjoyable, and, especially I want to thank Dr. Zahi Hawass, who oversees everything archeological in Egypt, who saw me without an appointment, and who set up my wonderful trip to Tapasoris Magna. And my utmost thanks to Dr. Said Gohary, whose hospitality and conversation along with his lovely wife, Dr. Jocelyn Gohary, made both my trips to Egypt so very special and helped me immensely in my understanding of ancient Egypt and the times in which Cleopatra lived. And, finally, my readers; thank you for having a mind that is open enough to read this new look at history and being willing to give Cleopatra the extra attention she has always deserved. —Pat Brown 9 10
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