The Moral Sense and Its Foundational Significance: Self, Person, Historicity, Community: Phenomenological Praxeology and Psychiatry

450 Pages·1990·13.39 MB·English

by  Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (auth.), Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (eds.)

THE MORAL SENSE AND ITS FOUNDATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
ANALECTA HUSSERLIANA
THE YEARBOOK OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH
VOLUME XXXI
Editor-in-Chief:
ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA
The World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning
Belmont, Massachusetts
A SEQUEL TO VOLUMES XV, XX AND XXII
FOUNDATIONS OF MORALITY, HUMAN RIGHTS,
AND THE HUMAN SCIENCES
Phenomenology in a Foundational Dialogue with the Human Sciences
THE MORAL SENSE IN THE COM*M UNAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LIFE
Investigations in Phenomenological Praxeology: Psychiatric Therapeutics,
Medical Ethics and Social Praxis within the Life- and Communal World
MORALITY WITHIN THE L*IF E- AND SOCIAL WORLD
Interdisciplinary Phenomenology oft he Authentic Life
in the "Moral Sense"
THE MORAL SENSE
AND
ITS FOUNDATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE:
SELF, PERSON, mSTORICITY, COMMUNITY
Phenomenological Praxeology and Psychiatry
Edited by
ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA
The World Phenomenology Institute
Published under the auspices of
The World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning
A-T. Tymieniecka, President
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Moral sense and its foundational significance: self. person.
historicity. co.munity. phenomenological praxeology. and psychiatry
I edited by Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka.
p. CI. -- (Analecta Husserliana : v. 31>
"Published under the auspices of the World Institute for Advanced
Phenomenological Research and Learning."
ISBN -13: 978-94-010-6737 -9 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-0555-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0555-9
I. Ethics. 2. Self. 3. Phenomenology. 4. Husserl. Edmund.
1859-1938. I. Tymieniecka. Anna-Teresa. II. Series.
63279.H94A129 vol. 31
[6..110121
142'.7 s--dc20
[171' .21 90-4094
ISBN-13:978-94-010-6737-9
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands
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the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE THEME I Crystallization Problems of the Phenomenology
of the Moral Sense: Self, Person, Community, Historicity,
and Life-Horizons ix
ANTONINO IARIA I Opening Address xi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ~
INTRODUCTORY STUDY
ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA / The Human Condition
within the Unity-of-Everything-There-Is-Alive: A Challenge
to Philosophical Anthropologies 3
PART I
THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE MORAL SENSE
OF ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA
DALLAS LASKEY I The Moral Sense: An Appraisal 21
MARY ROSE BARRAL I The Phenomenologico-Sociological
Conception of the "Human Being-on-the-Brink-of-Existence":
A New Approach to Socio-Communal Psychiatry 29
PART II
HUMAN SELFHOOD AND PERSONAL IDENTITY
WITHIN COMMUNAL BONDS
L UZ MARIA AL V AREZ-CALDER6N I Truth, Authenticity,
and Culture 49
NADIA FINOCCHI I Man within the Limit of the I: Some
Considerations on Husserl's Philosophy from the Thought of
Nicola Abbagnano 57
JOHN DOLlS I Narrating the Self 65
v
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
DIETER ZEISLER I Sartre's Account of the Self in The
Transcendence of the Ego 77
AURELIO RIZZACASA I The Concept of "Person" between
Existence and the Realm of Life 87
MARY ROSE BARRAL I The Truth and Identity of a Person
and of a People 93
PART III
THE MORAL SENSE, ETHICS, AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
OSVALDO ROSSI I Ethics and Subjectivity Today 107
HELMUT H. LOISKANDL I Moral Sense, Community, and
the Individual: Georg Simmel's Position in an Ongoing
Discussion 111
EVEL YN M. BARKER I Personal Identity and Concrete
Values 115
NEL RODRIGUEZ RIAL I The Moral Act 125
VALERIO TONINI I Scientific Phenomenology and Bioethics 145
WILLIAM L. McBRIDE I Social Justice on Trial: The Verdict
of History 159
DA VID DOYLE I The Justice of Mercy: Reflections on Law,
Social Theory and Heidegger's "Everyday" 169
ZIVOJIN NIKOLIC I Cekic und Lukacs tiber die Ontologie des
gesellschaftlichen Seins: Die Prioritiitsfrage 193
LUDWIG GRUNBERG I The Phenomenology of Value and the
Value of Phenomenology 199
PART IV
HUMAN SELFHOOD, WILL, PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT, AND COMMUNITY LIFE
IN A PSYCHIATRIC PERSPECTIVE
BR UNO CALLIERI I Some Epistemological Aspects of Present-
Day Psychopathology 209
GIOV ANNI ROCCI I Ethics in the Psyche's Individuating De-
velopment towards the Self 219
MANUEL RIOBO GONZALEZ I Free Will in Psychopaths: A
Phenomenological Description 227
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
AARON L. MISHARA I The Problem of the Unconscious in
the Later Thought of L. Binswanger: A Phenomenological
Approach to Delusion in Perception and Communication 247
ROMANO ROMANI I The Unattainability of the Norm 279
CLAUDIO MENCACCI and ENRICA GOLDFLUSS I "The
Emotional Residence": An Italian Experience of the Treat-
ment of Chronic Psychosis 283
MIGUEL C. JARQUIN I Hacia un concepto significativo de 10
patologico y 10 sano, de 10 anormal y 10 normal 295
GRAZIELLA MORSELLI I Husserl, Child Education, and
Creativity 321
JOHN R. SCUDDER, JR. and ANNE H. BISHOP I Recovering
the Moral Sense of Health Care from Academic Reification 329
PART V
THE HISTORICITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON:
DEVELOPMENT,INTERSUBJECTIVITY,
TRUTH AND TIME
BIANCA MARIA D'IPPOLITO I Edmund Husserl: Intersub-
jectivity between Epoche and History 341
V. C. THOMAS I The Development of Time Consciousness
from Husserl to Heidegger 347
TZE-W AN KW AN I Husserl's Concept of Horizon: An Attempt
at Reappraisal 361
SANDRA B. ROSENTHAL and PATRICK L. BOURGEOIS I
Mead and Merleau-Ponty: Meaning, Perception, and Behavior 401
MAIJA KULE I The Role of Historicity in Man's Creative
Experience: A Comparative Analysis of the Ideas of Kant,
Hegel, Husseri, Heidegger, and the Hermeneutical School 411
A. ZVIE BAR-ON I The Reality and Structure of Time: A
Neo-Hegelian Paradox in the Conceptual Network of Phe-
nomenology 417
VICTOR MOLCHANOV I Time, Truth, and Culture in Husserl
and Hegel 433
INDEX OF NAMES 445
THE THEME
CRYSTALLIZATION PROBLEMS OF THE
PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE MORAL SENSE:
SELF, PERSON, COMMUNITY, HISTORICITY,
AND LIFE-HORIZONS
The explorations of the meeting ground between philosophy and
psychiatry which we gather in this volume further the investigation of
human existence within the communal world of life already substan-
tially begun in our previous researches published in Volumes XV, XX,
and XXII of Analecta Husserliana. The present collection attempts to
promote the reciprocal illumination that philosophy and psychiatry
throw on each other while encountering (discovering) and investigating
the issues that. surround the crucial center of their concern, the human
being, and this from the advantageous position offered by the phe-
nomenology of the moral sense.
In fact, as we have brought out in these earlier volumes, the moral
sense is, first, the factor of sense-giving which surges within the animal
framework of life with the advent of the Human Condition. It is
properly termed the "moral sense" because, as it unfurls within the
creative orchestration of the specifically human functioning, it is instru-
mental in infusing our feelingS, emotions, judgments, decisions, and
furthest interpretations of life events with what we usually call "moral"
or "ethical" significance; it is also responsible for the emergence of
values.
Second, we have discovered that it is this sense-bestowing factor of
the moral sense, which is primogenital with man, that allows, through
the operation of the "benevolent/malevolent sentiment" which carries it,
the individual being - who draws from his Human Condition this
germinal propUlsion - to break out of the strict confines of his
predominant self-interest and to reach out to other individuals recog-
nizing them - and by the same stroke, himself - to be "congenial," and
"equal" as members of the same human family, so to speak. It is the
benevolent sentiment which through the moral sense establishes societal
relatedness and infuses society's further development with the moral-
communal significance of life.
In the previous volumes, we have extensively discussed the para-
ix
x THE THEME
mount import of the communal significance of life for the understand-
ing of societal life and institutions as well as for the understanding of
the nature of the human being. In fact, we brought it out that our nature
in its very nucleus already immerses the budding self in the communal
interlinkages of the world of life.
Thus, a human individual depends in his existence upon the equilib-
rium that his life-functioning maintains within his communal setting. If
his communal ties are loosened, the individual shrinks and his func-
tioning disintegrates to the limit point which I, in my essay in Analecta
Husserliana, Vol. XX, have termed "existence on the brink"; it is the
human individual on-the-brink-of-existence that is naturally the main
subject matter of psychiatry. We propose it to be philosophically of
paramount practical importance that psychiatry tum to the investigation
of the individual's transformations when he reaches the brink-of-
existence in the perspective of the primogenital moral sense. Such
investigations will yield crucially important ideas for therapy. They will,
as well, bring a wealth of insights to phenomenological research on the
human being within the world of life.
While in the previous collections devoted to this subject we have
been focusing especially upon the communal and societal involvements
of the human individual person, in this volume the spectrum of studies
indicates directly or indirectly the entire spectrum of issues to which
the human factor of the Moral Sense extends and in relation to which
we should investigate its role as well as its developmental crystallization.
This perspective gives the present volume the intrinsic unity that is to
be found in its topically differentiated sections: (1) The Phenomenology
of the Moral Sense of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka; (2) Human Selfhood
and Personal Identity within Communal Bonds; (3) The Moral Sense,
Ethics, and Social Justice; (4) Human Selfhood, Will, Personal Develop-
ment, and Community Life in a Psychiatric Perspective; lastly (5) The
Historicity of the Human Person: Development, Intersubjectivity, Truth
and Time. The introductory essay, "The Human Condition-within-the-
Unity-of-Everything-There-Is-Alive" indicates the new conception of the
context within which this program of investigation is situated.
ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA
ANTONINO IARIA
OPENING ADDRESS
I suppose that the not so easy task entrusted to me by the World
Phenomenology Institute, that of opening this international conference,
comes from my being the representative of the host Institute.
In this capacity, I give you all my warmest welcome with the wish
that our work together will reap fruitful results.
Since I did not think I had enough experience to guide these works
effectively, especially from a philosophical point of view, I must admit
that I was a bit reluctant to undertake the hosting of this conference,
though I finally accepted due to Prof. Tymieniecka's insistent, stimu-
lating, and enthusiastic urging.
I note with pleasure that in this endeavor I succeeded in enlisting the
collaboration of Prof. Ciani and Prof. Gaston, whom I thank very much
for their contributions.
On the other hand, I must say that I am not new to this task, since
last year I attended and directed a work group in the international
conference organized in house by the same Institute in collaboration
with the Italian Phenomenology Center. And for two years I have
attended monthly seminars where the relationships between philosophy,
psychiatry, psychology, and psychoanalysis are discussed. Many famous
scholars in these various disciplines have participated actively in these
seminars, and you will be hearing the brilliant findings of many of them
here. I am pleased to mention that among them have been Prof.ssa
Iannotta, our kind host, Prof.ssa Ales Bello, Prof.ssa Cipolletta, Prof.ssa
Dovolich, Prof.ssa Di Marco, Prof. Nicoletti, Prof. Rocci, Dott. Aversa,
Dott. Ruberto, Dott. Giannone. (please excuse me if I missed anybody.)
Some of these findings were published in the journal, Metaxu.
Searching for yet another qualification for the task, I can mention my
long, continuous, and pressing personal and professional interest in the
relationships among the above-mentioned disciplines, and my needs
and wishes as a psychiatrist to interrogate philosophy, in the sense of
asking it for a rigorous methodology to be applied in our research and
speculation. In fact, philosophy is often requested to provide a founda-
tion for the identity of the individual disciplines, in order that the
xi