The Monroe Doctrine And United States National Security In The Early Twentieth Century

254 Pages·2020·3.972 MB·English

by  Alex Bryne

SECURITY, CONFLICT AND COOPERATION
IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
The Monroe Doctrine and
United States National Security
in the Early Twentieth Century
alex bryne
Security, Conflict and Cooperation
in the Contemporary World
Series Editors
Effie G. H. Pedaliu
LSE Ideas
London, UK
John W. Young
University of Nottingham
Nottingham, UK
The Palgrave Macmillan series, Security, Conflict and Cooperation in
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1900. It evolved from the series Global Conflict and Security edited by
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promoting an empirical understanding of economic and political coop-
eration, conflict and security, peace-making, diplomacy, humanitarian
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More information about this series at
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Alex Bryne
The Monroe Doctrine
and United States
National Security
in the Early Twentieth
Century
Alex Bryne
Nottingham, UK
Security, Conflict and Cooperation in the Contemporary World
ISBN 978-3-030-43430-4 ISBN 978-3-030-43431-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43431-1
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A
cknowledgements
Just as the citizens of the United States gave thanks to the Monroe
Doctrine during its centennial anniversary, I too wish to express my grat-
itude to the individuals and organisations that have made this book pos-
sible. The parameters and premise of this study were first developed in
my doctoral thesis and I would like to accordingly thank the University
of Nottingham’s School of Cultures, Languages and Area Studies for
funding my research and providing me with several travel grants. I am
similarly grateful to the association for British American Nineteenth
Century Historians (BrANCH) for awarding me a Peter Parish Memorial
Fund Research Grant to support a research trip to the United States.
The process of transforming my doctoral research into a monograph
has been a challenging one—writing a book without the security of
full-time academic employment took a heavy financial and emotional
toll. I am therefore eminently grateful to the following individuals for
their guidance, support, and assistance over the past few years. My doc-
toral supervisors Bevan Sewell and Maria Ryan have continued to sup-
port my research since my graduation, as have my doctoral examiners
Paul McGarr and David Milne. Jimmy Brookes, Mark Eastwood, Alex
Ferguson, Steve Gallo, Daniel King, Hannah Murray, Ben Offiler, Jennie
O’Reilly, Steven Parfitt, and Elizabeth Wiedenheft have all shaped the
book in one way or another, be that through reading drafts or enter-
taining my ramblings on early twentieth-century United States foreign
v
vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
relations. In this regard, special thanks must be paid to my brothers-
in-arms Tom Bishop and Lorenzo Costaguta. It has been a pleasure
to work with Molly Beck and Maeve Sinnott at Palgrave, and my final
thanks go to the anonymous reviewers of my work who provided insight-
ful, detailed, and valuable feedback.
c
ontents
Introduction: A Cluster of Loyalties 1
The Empire of the Monroe Doctrine 19
Regional Hegemony and Pan-Americanism 45
A Shibboleth and a War 93
The Trichotomy of the Treaty Fight 131
One Hundred Years and Still Going Strong? 171
Conclusion: Anything or Nothing 201
Bibliography 209
Index 237
vii
l f
ist of igures
The Empire of the Monroe Doctrine
Fig. 1 “Uncle Sam’s Temptation” 28
Fig. 2 “Uncle Sam’s Picnic” 38
Regional Hegemony and Pan-Americanism
Fig. 1 “He’ll take the old umbrella along” 59
Fig. 2 “That’s a live wire, gentlemen” 74
Fig. 3 “Magnified Security” 83
A Shibboleth and a War
Fig. 1 “Mad Dog?” 100
Fig. 2 “The Vast Territory That Our Monroe Doctrine Obligates
Us to Defend” 122
The Trichotomy of the Treaty Fight
Fig. 1 “The Rocky Road to Peace” 139
Fig. 2 “Why all this fuss over article ten?” 149
One Hundred Years and Still Going Strong?
Fig. 1 “One hundred years old and still going strong. You can’t help
wishing him many happy returns of the day” 173
ix
x LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 2 Monroe Doctrine centennial half dollar 183
Fig. 3 Tomb of James Monroe, hollywood cemetery, Richmond, VA 186
Conclusion: Anything or Nothing
Fig. 1 Secretary of State John Kerry speaks at the Organization
of American States on November 18, 2013 208