The Molecular Basis of Cancer PDF
Preview The Molecular Basis of Cancer
Edition 4 The Molecular Basis of Cancer John Mendelsohn, MD Director, Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Terapy and Past President Te University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas Joe W. Gray, PhD Gordon Moore Endowed Chair Chairman, Department of Biomedical Engineering Director, OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine Associate Director for Translational Research Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) Portland, Oregon Peter M. Howley, MD Shattuck Professor of Pathological Anatomy Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology Division of Immunology Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Mark A. Israel, MD Director, Norris Cotton Cancer Center Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, New Hampshire Professor of Pediatrics and Genetics Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover, New Hampshire Craig B. Thompson, MD President and CEO, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER ISBN: 978-1-4557-4066-6 Copyright © 2015, 2008, 2001, 1995 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies, and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. Tis book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this feld are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our under- standing, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identifed, readers are advised to check the most current infor- mation provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to ver- ify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Te molecular basis of cancer / [edited by] John Mendelsohn, Peter M. Howley, Mark A. Israel, Joe W. Gray, Craig B. Tompson. -- 4. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4557-4066-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) I. Mendelsohn, John, 1936- editor of compilation. II. Howley, Peter M., editor of compilation. III. Israel, Mark A., editor of compilation. IV. Gray, Joe W., editor of compilation. V. Tompson, Craig (Craig B.), editor of compilation. [DNLM: 1. Neoplasms--genetics. 2. Neoplasms--pathology. 3. Molecular Biology--methods. 4. Molecular Targeted Terapy. QZ 202] RC268.5 616.99’4071--dc23 2013034109 Senior Content Strategist: Suzanne Toppy Senior Content Development Specialist: Taylor Ball Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian Senior Project Manager: Sharon Corell Senior Book Designer: Louis Forgione Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is dedicated to our wives: Anne C. Mendelsohn Jane E. Gray Ann Howley Susan J. Israel Tullia Lindsten Contributors Stuart A. Aaronson, MD Jennifer Amengual, MD Professor and Chair Assistant Professor of Medicine and Experimental Department of Oncological Sciences Terapeutics Professor of Medicine Center for Lymphoid Malignancies Mount Sinai School of Medicine Department of Medicine New York, New York Division of Hematopathology Department of Pathology and Cell Biology James L. Abbruzzese, MD Columbia University Medical Center–College of Physicians Chief and Surgeons Division of Medical Oncology Te New York Presbyterian Hospital Associate Director for Clinical Research New York, New York Duke Cancer Institute Kenneth C. Anderson, MD Durham, North Carolina Chief Erika L. Abel, PhD Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center Lecturer/Advisor of Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Department of Biology Boston, Massachusetts College of Arts and Sciences Olena Barbash, PhD Baylor University Investigator Waco, Texas Oncology Research and Development Swarnali Acharyya, PhD GlaxoSmithKline Research Fellow Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Sloan-Kettering Institute Robert C. Bast, Jr., MD Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Vice President for Translational Research New York, New York Harry Carothers Wiess Distinguished University Chair for Cancer Research Bachir Alobeid, MD Internist and Professor of Medicine Professor of Clinical Pathology and Cell Biology Departments of Experimental Terapeutics and Gynecologic Program Director, Hematopathology Fellowship Training Medical Oncology Program Division of Cancer Medicine Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Te University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Columbia University Medical Center–College of Physicians and Surgeons Houston, Texas Te New York Presbyterian Hospital New York, New York vii viii Contributors Stephen B. Baylin, MD Malcolm V. Brock, MD Professor of Oncology Associate Professor of Surgery Johns Hopkins University Associate Professor of Oncology Te Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Director of Clinical and Translational Research in Toracic Hopkins School of Medicine Surgery Baltimore, Maryland Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Te Johns Hopkins Hospital Joseph R. Bertino, MD Baltimore, Maryland Professor Medicine and Pharmacology Nelson E. Brown, MD, PhD University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Instructor of Medicine, Molecular Oncology Research Institute Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Tufts Medical Center Chief Scientifc Ofcer Boston, Massachusetts American Cancer Society Professor Andrea Califano, Laureate in Physics Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Clyde and Helen Wu Professor of Chemical Systems Biology New Brunswick, New Jersey Columbia University Govind Bhagat, MD Director Professor of Pathology and Cell Biology JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center Department of Medicine Columbia University Division of Hematopathology New York, New York Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University Medical Center–College of Physicians George Adrian Calin, MD, PhD and Surgeons Associate Professor Te New York Presbyterian Hospital Department of Experimental Terapeutics New York, New York Division of Cancer Medicine Te University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Mina J. Bissell, PhD Houston, Texas Distinguished Scientist Life Sciences Division Peter R. Carroll, MD Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Professor and Chair Berkeley, California Department of Urology Ken and Donna Derr-Chevron Distinguished Professor Scott A. Boerner, MS Director of Clinical Services and Strategic Planning Department of Internal Medicine University of California–San Francisco Wayne State University Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute Associate Dean Detroit, Michigan University of California–San Francisco School of Medicine Jessica E. Bolden, PhD San Francisco, California Gene Regulation Laboratory Chakra Chennubhotla, PhD Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Assistant Professor Melbourne, Australia Department of Computational and Systems Biology Ernest C. Borden, MD University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute Te Cleveland Clinic University of Pittsburgh Taussig Cancer Institute Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Cleveland, Ohio Contributors ix Toni K. Choueiri, MD Nancy E. Davidson, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Hillman Professor of Oncology Harvard Medical School Director Attending Physician University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and UPMC Cancer Center Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Associate Vice Chancellor for Cancer Research Boston, Massachusetts University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Christopher L. Corless, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology April Davis, BS Oregon Health and Science University Research Technician Chief Medical Ofcer Comprehensive Cancer Center Knight Diagnostic Laboratories Department of Internal Medicine Knight Cancer Institute University of Michigan Portland, Oregon Ann Arbor, Michigan Ana Luísa Correia, PhD Changchun Deng, MD, PhD Life Sciences Division Assistant Professor of Medicine and Experimental Terapeutics Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Center for Lymphoid Malignancies Berkeley, California Department of Medicine Division of Hematopathology Rebecca Critchley-Thorne, PhD Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Director Columbia University Medical Center–College of Physicians Biomarker and Diagnostic Development and Surgeons Cernostics, Inc. Te New York Presbyterian Hospital Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania New York, New York Carlo Maria Croce, MD J. Alan Diehl, PhD Te John W. Wolfe Chair in Human Cancer Genetics J. Samuel Staub, MD, Endowed Professor Chair Department of Cancer Biology Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Perelman School of Medicine Genetics University of Pennsylvania Director Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Human Cancer Genetics Program Te Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center John DiGiovanni, PhD Columbus, Ohio Professor Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology Alan D. D’Andrea, MD College of Pharmacy Alvan T. and Viola D. Fuller American Cancer Society Te University of Texas at Austin Professor Professor Harvard Medical School Department of Nutritional Sciences Department of Radiation Oncology College of Natural Sciences, Te University of Texas at Austin Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Austin, Texas Boston, Massachusetts x Contributors Joseph Paul Eder, MD Christopher D. M. Fletcher, MD, FRC Path Director of Experimental Terapeutics and the Phase I Professor Research Group Department of Pathology Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital Harvard Medical School Yale University School of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Boston, Massachusetts Suhendan Ekmekcioglu, PhD Cyrus M. Ghajar, PhD Associate Professor Life Sciences Division Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Division of Cancer Medicine Berkeley, California Te University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas Adam B. Glick, PhD Associate Professor Marc S. Ernstoff, MD Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis O. Ross McIntyre Professor of Medicine Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Norris Cotton Cancer Center Te Pennsylvania State University Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center University Park, Pennsylvania Lebanon, New Hampshire Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Albert Gough, PhD Hanover, New Hampshire Associate Professor Department of Computational and Systems Biology James R. Faeder, PhD University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute Associate Professor Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Department of Computational and Systems Biology University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute Ramaswamy Govindan, MD Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Eric R. Fearon, MD, PhD Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center Maisel Professor of Oncology Washington University School of Medicine Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics St. Louis, Missouri Departments of Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and Pathology Jennifer R. Grandis, MD, FACS University of Michigan School of Medicine Vice Chair for Research Ann Arbor, Michigan Distinguished Professor of Otolaryngology and Pharmacology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Lydia W. S. Finley, PhD Program Leader Postdoctoral Fellow Head and Neck Cancer Program Cancer Biology and Genetics Program University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania New York, New York Susan Fisher, PhD Professor Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research University of California–San Francisco San Francisco, California Contributors xi Joe W. Gray, PhD David A. Guertin, PhD Gordon Moore Endowed Chair Assistant Professor Chairman Program in Molecular Medicine Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Massachusetts Medical Center Director Worcester, Massachusetts OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine William C. Hahn, MD, PhD Associate Director for Translational Research Associate Professor of Medicine Knight Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) Chief Portland, Oregon Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology Douglas R. Green, PhD Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Peter C. Doherty Endowed Chair of Senior Associate Member Immunology Boston, Massachusetts St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Memphis, Tennessee Harvard Cambridge, Massachusetts Kirsten L. Greene, MD, MS Associate Professor of Urology William N. Hait, MD, PhD Vice Chair, Education Global Head Department of Urology Janssen Research and Development University of California–San Francisco Raritan, New Jersey Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Veterans Afairs Medical Center Matthew C. Havrda, PhD San Francisco, California Instructor in Pediatrics Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Elizabeth A. Grimm, PhD Hanover, New Hampshire Professor Norris Cotton Cancer Center Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Deputy Head for Research Afairs Lebanon, New Hampshire Division of Cancer Medicine Frank McGraw Memorial Endowed Chair in Cancer Research Matthew L. Hedberg, MD/PhD Candidate Te University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Houston, Texas Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Luca Grumolato, PhD Roy S. Herbst, MD, PhD Professor Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology Chair of Excellence INSERM Chief of the Medical Oncology Université de Rouen Associate Director for Translational Science Rouen, France Yale University School of Medicine Instructor, Department of Oncological Sciences Yale Cancer Center Mount Sinai School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut New York, New York Philip W. Hinds, PhD Jian Gu, PhD Professor Assistant Professor Molecular Oncology Research Institute Department of Epidemiology Tufts Medical Center Te University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Boston, Massachusetts Houston, Texas xii Contributors Daniela Hoehn, MD, PhD Johanna A. Joyce, PhD Assistant Professor of Clinical Pathology and Cell Biology Cancer Biology and Genetics Program Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Division of Hematopathology New York, New York Department of Pathology and Cell Biology William G. Kaelin, Jr., MD Columbia University Medical Center–College of Physicians and Surgeons Professor of Medicine Te New York Presbyterian Hospital Harvard Medical School New York, New York Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Massachusetts Peter M. Howley, MD Shattuck Professor of Pathological Anatomy Hagop Kantarjian, MD Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology Department of Leukemia Division of Immunology Te University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Harvard Medical School Houston, Texas Boston, Massachusetts Brian Keith, PhD Andrew C. Hsieh, MD Associate Investigator and Director of Education Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute University of California–San Francisco Medical Center Adjunct Professor San Francisco, California Department of Cancer Biology University of Pennsylvania Patrick Hwu, MD Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology Center for Cancer Immunology Research Ronan Kelly, MD, MBA Te University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Assistant Professor of Oncology Houston, Texas Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Te Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Mark A. Israel, MD Hopkins School of Medicine Director Baltimore, Maryland Norris Cotton Cancer Center Hasan Korkaya, PhD Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Research Investigator Lebanon, New Hampshire Comprehensive Cancer Center Professor of Pediatrics and Genetics Department of Internal Medicine Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University of Michigan Hanover, New Hampshire Ann Arbor, Michigan Tyler Jacks, PhD W. Michael Korn, MD Director Associate Professor in Residence Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Department of Medicine David H. Koch Professor of Biology (Gastroenterology and Medical Oncology) Investigator University of California–San Francisco Howard Hughes Medical Institute San Francisco, California Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts
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