The Modern School Movement: Anarchism and Education in the United States PDF
Preview The Modern School Movement: Anarchism and Education in the United States
The Modern School Movement The Modern School Movement Anarchism and Education in the United States Paul Avrich Princeton University Press Princeton, New Jersey COPYRIGHT (C) 1980 BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHED BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, GUILDFORD, SURREY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CLOTHBOUND EDITIONS OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS BOOKS ARE PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER, AND BINDING MATERIALS ARE CHOSEN FOR STRENGTH AND DURABILITY PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Avrich, Paul. The modern school movement. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Education—United States—Philosophy—History— 20th century. 2. Education—United States—Experimental methods—History—20th century. 3. Ferrer Guardia, Francisco, 1859-1909. 4. Educators—United States— Political activity—History—20th century. 5. Anarchism and anarchists—United States—History—20th century. I. Title. LA216.A78 370'.973 79-3188 ISBN 0-691-04669-7 ISBN 0-691-10094-1 pbk. IN MEMORY OFA GNES INGLIS 1870-1952 Contents Illustrations ix Preface xi PART I: NEW YORK 1 1. TheMartyrdomofFerrer 3 Francisco Ferrer y Guard·i aF reedom in Education· T he Escuela Moderna of Barcelona P· ropaganda by the Deed T· he Tragic Week 2. The Francisco Ferrer Association 34 Launching an Organizatio·n T he Modern School Movemen·t Earlier Experimental Schoo·ls T he First Modern Schools 3. The Ferrer School of New York 69 St. Mark's Plac·e East Twelfth Stree·t Will Durant · East 107thS treet· Will and Ariel· Cora Bennett Stephenson 4. RebelsandArtists 111 The Academy Humane P· ersonalities· Hippolyte and Sadakich·i Radical Centers· Art and Anarch·y The Free Theatr·e Robert Henr·i The Modernists· The Modern School Magazine 5. Three Anarchists 165 Leonard Abbott H· arry Kelly· Joseph Cohen 6. Lexington Avenue 183 The Unemployed ·L udlow ·D ynamite ·T he Hutchinsons· Aftermath PART II: STELTON 217 7. The Early Years 219 Pioneers ·S tony Ford ·T he Stelton Schoo·l Joseph Ishill · The Dicks· Time of Troubles 8. Elizabeth and Alexis Ferm 256 Aunty Ferm· Uncle Ferm ·T he Children's Playhous·e S telton· Departure 9. Mohegan 289 A New Colony ·T he Mohegan School ·G eorge Seldes and Rudolf Rocker ·T horeauvian Anarchist·s B reakup 10. The Declining Years 312 The Dicks· The Ferms ·T he Movement ·A bbott, Kelly, and Cohen viii CONTENTS 11. Conclusion 350 Notes 355 Bibliography 403 Index 429 Illustrations (following page 240) 1. Leonard Abbott around 1905, photograph by W. M. van der Weyde (courtesy of William Morris Abbott) 2. Joseph Cohen around 1950 (International Institute of Social History) 3. Workshop at Camp Germinal, Pennsylvania, around 1926 (courtesy of Esther Melman Seltzer, in picture near window at left) 4. Cora Bennett Stephenson with children of New York Modern School, 63 East 107th Street, Fall 1913 (The Modern SchoolA, u tumn 1913) 5. William Thurston Brown (International Institute of Social History) 6. Harry Kelly, New Rochelle, New York, 1945 (courtesy of Hilda Adel) 7. The Detroit Modern School, 1914, teacher Yetta Bienenfeld; note portrait of Ferrer (Labadie Collection) 8. Will Durant and pupils of the New York Modern School, 104 East Twelfth Street, 1912 (The Modern SchoolF, ebruary 1912) 9. Announcement of reading by Sadakichi Hartmann at Ferrer Center, November 14, 1915, caricature by Lillian Bonham Hartmann (courtesy of Jacques Rudome) 10. Cover by Man Ray for Mother Earth,S eptember 1914 (Tam- iment Library) 11. Cover by Adolf Wolff for Mother Earth, July 1914, showing his urn for the Lexington Avenue victims (Tamiment Library) 12. Picnic at Leonard Abbott's cottage, Westfield, New Jersey, July 4, 1914, on day of Lexington Avenue explosion (Cohen Pa pers) 13. Dormitory and Living House, Stelton, 1915 (courtesy of Eva Brandes) 14. Little Isadora Duncans, Stelton, 1915 (courtesy of Pauline Turkel)
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