The Minor Prophets PDF
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Contributors to The Minor Prophets General Editor, Jonah, Zechariah • John H. Walton (PhD, Hebrew Union College), Professor of Old Testament, Wheaton College and Graduate School, Wheaton, Illinois Hosea • J. Glen Taylor (PhD, Yale University), Associate Professor of Old Testament, Wycliffe College and the School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Joel and Zephaniah • Mark W. Chavalas (PhD, University of California at Los Angeles), Professor of History, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, Wisconsin Amos • Philip S. Johnston (PhD, Cambridge University), Senior Tutor, Huges Hall, Cambridge University, United Kingdom Obadiah and Nahum • Alan R. Millard (MPhil, Oxford University; FSA), Emeritus Rankin Professor of Hebrew and Ancient Semitic Languages, University of Liverpool, England Micah • Daniel M. Master (PhD, Harvard University), Associate Professor of Archaeology, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois Habakkuk • Victor H. Matthews (PhD, Brandeis University), Professor of Religious Studies, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri Haggai and Zechariah • Kenneth G. Hoglund (PhD, Duke University), Professor, Department of Religion, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina Malachi • Andrew E. Hill (PhD, University of Michigan), Professor of Old Testament, Wheaton College and Graduate School, Wheaton, Illinois Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary The Minor Prophets John H. Walton GENERAL EDITOR ZONDERVAN The Minor Prophets Hosea—Copyright © 2009 by J. Glen Taylor Joel—Copyright © 2009 by Mark W. Chavalas Amos—Copyright © 2009 by Philip S. Johnston Obadiah—Copyright © 2009 by Alan R. Millard Jonah—Copyright © 2009 by John H. Walton Micah—Copyright © 2009 by Daniel M. Master Nahum—Copyright © 2009 by Alan R. Millard Habakkuk—Copyright © 2009 by Victor H. Matthews Zephaniah—Copyright © 2009 by Mark W. Chavalas Haggai—Copyright © 2009 by Kenneth G. Hoglund Zechariah—Copyright © 2009 by Kenneth G. Hoglund and John H. Walton Malachi—Copyright © 2009 by Andrew E. Hill Previously published in The Minor Prophets, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of Zondervan. ePub Edition January 2016: ISBN 978-0-310-52770-1 Requests for information should be addressed to: Zondervan, 3900 Sparks Dr. SE, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49546 The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: The minor prophets, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of songs. p. cm. — (Zondervan illustrated Bible backgrounds commentary ; v. 5) Edited by John H. Walton. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-310-25577-2 (hardcover, printed) 1. Bible. O.T. Minor Prophets—Criticism, interpretation, etc. 2. Bible. O.T.—Criticism, interpretation, etc. 3. Hebrew poetry, Biblical—History and criticism. 4. Wisdom literature— Criticism, interpretation, etc. I. Walton, John H., 1952- BS1560.M56 2009 224'.906—dc22 2009009778 All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from The Holy Bible, New ® ® ® International Version , NIV . Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. Any Internet addresses (websites, blogs, etc.) and telephone numbers in this book are offered as a resource. They are not intended in any way to be or imply an endorsement by Zondervan, nor does Zondervan vouch for the content of these sites and numbers for the life of this book. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other —except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher. Table of Contents How to Use This eBook Acknowledgments Methodology: An Introductory Essay General Bibliography Abbreviations Hosea J. Glen Taylor Hosea’s Wife and Children (1:1–2:23) Hosea’s Reconciliation with His Wife (3:1–5) The Charge against Israel (4:1–19) Judgment against Israel (5:1–15) Israel Unrepentant (6:1–7:16) Punishment for Israel (8:1–10:15) God’s Love for Israel (11:1–11) Israel’s Sin and God’s Anger (11:12–13:16) Repentance to Bring Blessing (14:1–9) Joel Mark W. Chavalas Invasion of Locusts and a Call to Repentance (1:1–20) An Army of Locusts and God’s Call to His People (2:1–27) The Day of the Lord (2:28–32) The Nations Judged (3:1–16) Blessings for God’s People (3:17–21) Amos Philip S. Johnston Introduction (1:1–2) Judgment on Israel’s Neighbors (1:3–2:5) Judgment on Israel (2:6–6:14) Visions and Confrontation (7:1–9:10) Restoration (9:11–15) Obadiah Alan R. Millard Heading and Setting (1) Pride and Punishment (2–7) “So Shall It Be Done to You” (8–16) Judah’s Restoration (17–21) Jonah John H. Walton Jonah’s Commission and Flight (1:1–17) Jonah’s Prayer (2:1–10) Jonah in Nineveh (3:1–10) Jonah’s Lesson (4:1–11) Micah Daniel M. Master Superscription (1:1) The Certain Destruction of Israel (1:2–3:12) A Picture of a Coming Day (4:1–5:15) An Unjust World in Light of a Hopeful Future (6:1–7:20) Nahum Alan R. Millard Heading (1:1) God’s Just Anger (1:2–6) God’s Faithfulness to the Faithful (1:7) God’s Punishment for His Opponents (1:8–11) Punishment for Judah Ends as Punishment for Her Foe Begins (1:12–13) Nineveh’s Doom and Judah’s Restoration Decreed (1:14–15) Nineveh Told of Her Fate and Judah of Her Restoration (2:1–2) The Fall of Nineveh Foreseen (2:3–13) More about the Fall of Nineveh (3:1–4) Nineveh’s Fate Will Be Worse Than She inflicted on Others (3:5–19) Habakkuk Victor H. Matthews Habakkuk’s First Complaint and the Lord’s Answer (1:1–11) Habakkuk’s Second Complaint and the Lord’s Answer (1:12–17) The Lord’s Answer (2:2–20) Habakkuk’s Prayer (3:1–19) Zephaniah Mark W. Chavalas Warning of Coming Judgment (1:1–2:3) Judgment Against the Nations (2:4–15) The Future of Jerusalem (3:1–20) Haggai Kenneth G. Hoglund Haggai’s First Oracle (1:1–1:12) Haggai’s Second Oracle (1:13–15) Haggai’s Third Oracle (2:1–9) Haggai’s Fourth Oracle (2:10–23) Zechariah Kenneth G. Hoglund and John H. Walton Opening Oracle (1:1–6) Zechariah’s First Vision (1:7–17) Zechariah’s Second Vision (1:18–21) Zechariah’s Third Vision (2:1–13) Zechariah’s Fourth Vision (3:1–10) Zechariah’s Fifth Vision (4:1–14) Zechariah’s Sixth Vision (5:1–4) Zechariah’s Seventh Vision (5:5–11) Zechariah’s Eighth Vision (6:1–8) A Crown for Joshua (6:9–15) Justice and Mercy, Not Fasting (7:1–14) The Lord Promises to Bless Jerusalem (8:1–23) Judgment on Israel’s Enemies (9:1–8) The Coming of Zion’s King (9:9–13) The Lord Will Appear (9:14–17) The Lord Will Care for Judah (10:1–11:3) Two Shepherds (11:4–17) Jerusalem’s Enemies and Mourning for the One They Pierced (12:1–14) Cleansing from Sin (13:1–9) The Lord Comes and Reigns (14:1–21) Malachi Andrew E. Hill Malachi’s Thesis Disputation: Yahweh’s Covenant Love for Israel (1:1–5) Malachi’s Second Disputation: Faithless Priests Rebuked (1:6–2:9) Malachi’s Third Disputation: Faithless People Rebuked (2:10–16) Malachi’s Fourth Disputation: Judgment and Purification (2:17–3:5) Malachi’s Fifth Disputation: Call to Repentance (3:6–12) Malachi’s Sixth Disputation: Judgment and Vindication (3:13–4:3) Appendixes: Appeal to Ideal Figures Moses and Elijah (4:4–6) Picture Index The New International Version Appendix
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