Thales of Miletus (c. 620-546 BCE) was thought of as the first Greek philosopher: Aristotle, in the Metaphysics (983b19 ff.), famously celebrates him as the founder of natural philosophy. He was a mathematician and astronomer, and a polymath interested in almost every branch of knowledge. A child of Ionia highly appreciated by his contemporaries and posterity, who included him among the so-called Seven Sages, Thales posited, like his fellow co-citizens Anaximander and Anaximenes did later, one material principle ( arche) of all things. According to the tradition, Thales’ arche, or bedrock on which every systematic account of reality should be built, was water, a material he considered to be endowed with the capacity to change into all other things within the natural cosmos.
Georg Wöhrle’s and Richard McKirahan’s book masterfully offers the English-speaking scholarly community the most complete collection ever of the documentary evidence on Thales of Miletus. For this purpose, the texts, some six hundred of them, collected by Wöhrle and included in his 2009 edition are enriched with further evidence, the whole being presented in chronological order and with a facing English translation. The additional material and translation of the Greek are by Richard McKirahan, while Ahmed Alwishah is responsible for the translation of the Arabic and Arash Khazeni has contributed by translating the Persian.