The Metabolism of Arsenite PDF
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THEMETABOLISMOFARSENITE Arsenic in the Environment Series Editors Jochen Bundschuh UniversityofSouthernQueensland(USQ),Toowoomba,Australia KTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology,Stockholm,Sweden Prosun Bhattacharya KTH-InternationalGroundwaterArsenicResearchGroup,DepartmentofLand andWaterResourcesEngineering,KTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology, Stockholm,Sweden ISSN:1876-6218 Volume 5 CreditforFrontCoverPhoto: PhotographbyHeatherJamieson,Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,Ontario,Canada Microbial biofilm from Giant Mine,Yellowknife, NorthwestTerritories, Canada. The biofilm waslocatedgrowinginanabandonedstopebelowseepagefromadiamonddrillholeapproxi- mately152mbelowchamberswherearsenictrioxidefromroastingoperationshasbeenstored (230mbelowlandsurface).Thebiofilm,whichisabout2minlength,hashighlevelsofarsenic (i.e.>1gL−1)andcontainsmembersofallthreedomainsofLife:Bacteria,ArchaeaandEukarya. TheBackcoverstructureofarsenitewasmadebyWolgangNitschke,CNRS,Marseille,France The Metabolism of Arsenite Editors JoanneM.Santini&SeamusA.Ward InstituteofStructuralandMolecularBiology, UniversityCollegeLondon,UK CRCPress/BalkemaisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2012Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,UK TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India PrintedandboundinTheNetherlandsbyPrintSupport4U,Meppel. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationortheinformationcontainedhereinmaybe reproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic, mechanical,byphotocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpriorpermissionfrom thepublishers. Althoughallcareistakentoensureintegrityandthequalityofthispublicationandthe informationherein,noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublishersnortheauthorforany damagetothepropertyorpersonsasaresultofoperationoruseofthispublicationand/or theinformationcontainedherein. Publishedby: CRCPress/Balkema P.O.Box447,2300AKLeiden,TheNetherlands e-mail:[email protected] www.crcpress.com–www.taylorandfrancis.com LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Themetabolismofarsenite/[editedby]JoanneM.Santini,SeamusA.Ward.—1sted. p.cm.—(Arsenicintheenvironment) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-415-69719-4(hardback) 1. Arsenic—Metabolism. 2. Arsenic—Environmentalaspects. 3. Drinking water—Arseniccontent. 4. Arsenicinthebody. 5. Arseniccycle (Biogeochemistry) I. Santini,JoanneM. II. Ward,SeamusA. TD427.A77M48 2012 612.3’926—dc23 2012003955 ISBN:978-0-415-69719-4(Hbk) ISBN:978-0-203-12018-7(eBook) About the book series Althougharsenichasbeenknownasa‘silenttoxin’sinceancienttimes,andthecontaminationof drinkingwaterresourcesbygeogenicarsenicwasdescribedindifferentlocationsaroundtheworld longago–e.g.,inArgentinain1917–itwasonlytwodecadesagothatitreceivedoverwhelming worldwidepublicattention.Asaconsequenceofthebiggestarseniccalamityintheworld,which was detected more than twenty years back in Bangladesh, West Bengal, India and other parts of Southeast Asia, there has been an exponential rise in scientific interest that has triggered highqualityresearch. Sincethen, arseniccontamination(predominantlyofgeogenicorigin)of drinkingwaterresources,soils,plantsandair,thepropagationofarsenicinthefoodchain,the chroniceffectsofarsenicingestionbyhumans,andtheirtoxicologicalandrelatedpublichealth consequences,havebeendescribedinmanypartsoftheworld,andeveryyear,evenmorenew countriesorregionsarediscoveredtohavearsenicproblems. Arsenic is found as a drinking water contaminant in many regions all around the world, in both developing as well as industrialized countries. However, addressing the problem requires differentapproacheswhichtakeintoaccountthedifferenteconomicandsocialconditionsinboth countrygroups.Ithasbeenestimatedthat200millionpeopleworldwideareatriskfromdrinking watercontaininghighconcentrationsofarsenic,anumberwhichisexpectedtofurtherincrease duetotherecentloweringofthelimitsofarsenicconcentrationindrinkingwaterto10µgL−1, whichhasalreadybeenadoptedbymanycountries, andsomeauthoritiesareevenconsidering decreasingthisvaluefurther. The book series ‘Arsenic in the Environment’ is an inter- and multidisciplinary source of information,makinganefforttolinktheoccurrenceofgeogenicarsenicindifferentenvironments andthepotentialcontaminationofgroundandsurfacewater,soilandairandtheireffectonthe human society. The series fulfills the growing interest in the worldwide arsenic issue, which isbeingaccompaniedbystrongerregulationsonthepermissibleMaximumContaminantLevels (MCL)ofarsenicindrinkingwaterandfood,whicharebeingadoptednotonlybytheindustrialized countries,butincreasinglybydevelopingcountries. Thebookseriescoversallfieldsofresearchconcerningarsenicintheenvironmentandaims topresentanintegratedapproachfromitsoccurrenceinrocksandmobilizationintotheground- and surface water, soil and air, its transport therein, and the pathways of arsenic introduction intothefoodchainincludinguptakebyhumans.Humanarsenicexposure,arsenicbioavailabil- ity, metabolism and toxicology are treated together with related public health effects and risk assessments in order to better manage the contaminated land and aquatic environments and to reducehumanarsenicexposure.Arsenicremovaltechnologiesandothermethodologiestomiti- gatethearsenicproblemareaddressednotonlyfromthetechnologicalperspective,butalsofrom an economic and social point of view. Only such inter- and multidisciplinary approaches, will allowcase-specificselectionofoptimalmitigationmeasuresforeachspecificarsenicproblem andprovidethelocalpopulationwithsafedrinkingwater,food,andair. Wehavetheambitiontomakethisbookseriesaninternational, multi-andinterdisciplinary sourceofknowledgeandaplatformforarsenicresearchorientedtothedirectsolutionofproblems withconsiderablesocialimpactandrelevanceratherthansimplyfocusingoncuttingedgeand breakthroughresearchinphysical,chemical,toxicologicalandmedicalsciences.Thebookseries will also form a consolidated source of information on the worldwide occurrences of arsenic, which otherwise is dispersed and often hard to access. It will also have role in increasing the VII VIII Aboutthebookseries awarenessandknowledgeofthearsenicproblemamongadministrators,policymakersandcom- panyexecutivesandinimprovinginternationalandbilateralcooperationonarseniccontamination anditseffects. Consequently, weseethisbookseriesasacomprehensiveinformationbase, whichincludes authoredoreditedbooksfromworld-leadingscientistsontheirspecificfieldofarsenicresearch, butalsocontainsvolumeswithselectedpapersfrominternationalorregionalcongressesorother scientificevents.Further,theabstractspresentedduringthehomonymousbiannualinternational congressseries,whichweorganizeindifferentpartsoftheworldisbeingcompiledinastand- alonebookseries‘ArsenicintheEnvironment–Proceedings’thatwouldgiveshortandcrispstate oftheartperiodicupdatesofthecontemporarytrendsinarsenic-relatedresearch.Bothseriesare openforanyperson,scientificassociation,societyorscientificnetwork,forthesubmissionof newbookprojects.Supportedbyastrongmulti-disciplinaryeditorialboard,bookproposalsand manuscriptsarepeerreviewedandevaluated. JochenBundschuh ProsunBhattacharya (SeriesEditors) Editorial board KaziMatinAhmed DepartmentofGeology,UniversityofDhaka,Dhaka1000, Bangladesh E-mail:[email protected] MohammadAlauddin DepartmentofChemistry,WagnerCollege,StatenIsland, NY10301,USA E-mail:[email protected] SüerAnaç DepartmentofIrrigationandAgriculturalStructures, FacultyofAgriculture,EgeUniversity,Izmir,Turkey E-mail:[email protected] MichaelBerg Eawag,SwissFederalInstituteofAquaticScience andTechnology,8600Duebendorf,Switzerland E-mail:[email protected] MarekBryjak DepartmentPolymer&CarbonMaterials,WroclawUniversity ofTechnology,Wroclaw,Poland E-mail:[email protected] JoséA.Centeno DepartmentofEnvironmentalandInfectiousDiseaseSciences, USArmedForcesInstituteofPathology,Washington,DC 20306-6000,USA E-mail:[email protected] D.Chandrasekharam DepartmentofEarthSciences,IndianInstitute ofTechnology-Bombay,Mumbai400076,India E-mail:[email protected] LaurentCharlet EarthandPlanetaryScienceDepartment(LGIT-OSUG), UniversityofGrenoble-I,BP5338041Grenoble,France E-mail:[email protected] Chien-JenChen GenomicsResearchCenter,AcademiaSinica, TaipeiCity115,Taiwan E-mail:[email protected] VirginiaCiminelli DepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterialsEngineering, UniversidadeFederaldeMinasGerais, 35/206-BeloHorizonte-MG30160-030,Brazil E-mail:[email protected] LuisH.Cumbal CentrodeInvestigacionesCientificas,EscuelaPolitecnicadel Ejercito(ESPE),Sangolqui,Ecuador E-mail:[email protected] LuzMariaDelRazo DepartmentofToxicology,CINVESTAV-IPN,07360Mexico City,Mexico E-mail:[email protected] VicentaDevesa InstitutodeAgroquímicayTecnologíadeAlimentos(IATA), 46100Burjassot,Valencia,Spain E-mail:[email protected] MaríaEugeniaGonsebatt InstitutodeInvestigacionesBiomédicas,UniversidadNacional Autónoma E-mail:[email protected] IX X Editorialboard LuizR.G.Guilherme SoilScienceDepartment,UniversidadeFederaldeLavras, 37200-000Lavras(MG)Brazil E-mail:[email protected] NazmulHaque Kleinfelder,Hanover,MD21076,USA E-mail:[email protected] BruceAlexanderHendry ChemicalEngineeringDepartment,CapePeninsulaUniversity ofTechnology,Belville,CapeTown,SouthAfrica E-mail:[email protected] JanHoinkis InstituteofAppliedResearch,KarlsruheUniversityofApplied Sciences,76133Karlsruhe,Germany E-mail:[email protected] Jiin-ShuhJean DepartmentofEarthSciences,NationalChengKungUniversity, TainanCity701,Taiwan E-mail:[email protected] NalanKabay ChemicalEngineeringDepartment,EngineeringFaculty, EgeUniversity,35100Bornova,Izmir,Turkey E-mail:[email protected] AnnaKarczewska InstituteofSoilSciencesandEnvironmentalProtection, WroclawUniversityofEnvironmentalandLifeSciences, 50375Wroclaw,Poland E-mail:[email protected] DouglasB.Kent USGeologicalSurvey,MenloPark,CA94025,USA E-mail:[email protected] Kyoung-WoongKim DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering, GwangjuInstituteofScienceandTechnology,Buk-gu, Gwangju500-712,SouthKorea E-mail:[email protected] KirkT.Kitchin NHEERL,USEPA,ResearchTrianglePark, NC27711,USA E-mail:[email protected] WalterKlimecki DepartmentofPharmacologyandToxicology,University ofArizona,Tucson,AZ85721-0207,USA E-mail:[email protected] MartaLitter GerenciaQuímica,CentroAtómicoConstituyentes, ComisiónNacionaldeEnergíaAtómica Gral.SanMartín,1650SanMartín,Argentina E-mail:[email protected] JonR.Lloyd SchoolofEarth,AtmosphericandEnvironmentalSciences, TheUniversityofManchester,Manchester,M139PL,UK E-mail:[email protected] DinaL.López DepartmentofGeologicalSciences,OhioUniversity,Athens, OH45701,USA E-mail:[email protected] LenaMa Soil&WaterScienceDept., InstituteofFood&AgriculturalSciences, UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL326110290 E-mail:[email protected] JörgMatschullat InterdisciplinaryEnvironmentalResearchCentre(IÖZ), TUBergakademieFreiberg,09599Freiberg,Germany E-mail:[email protected] AndrewMeharg InstituteofBiologicalandEnvironmentalSciences,University ofAberdeen,Aberdeen,AB510BT,UK E-mail:[email protected] Editorialboard XI ArunB.Mukherjee EnvironmentalSciences,DepartmentofBiologicaland EnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki, 00014,Finland E-mail:[email protected] RavendraNaidu UniversityofSouthAustralia,MawsonLakeCampus, MawsonLake,SA,Australia E-mail:[email protected] JackNg NationalResearchCentreforEnvironmentalToxicology, TheUniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,Australia E-mail:[email protected] RossNickson WAFairhurstandPartners,Aberdeen, UK(formerlyUNICEF,Kolkata,India) E-mail:[email protected] D.KirkNordstrom USGeologicalSurvey,Boulder,CO80303,USA E-mail:[email protected] FaruqueParvez DepartmentofEnvironmentalHealthSciences,MailmanSchool ofPublicHealth,ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,NY10032 E-mail:[email protected] BranislavPetrusevski UNESCOIHEInstituteforWaterEducation, 2601DADelft,TheNetherlands E-mail:[email protected] ThomasPichler DepartmentofGeosciencesGEOI,UniversityofBremen, 28334Bremen,Germany E-mail:[email protected] BrittaPlaner-Friedrich FakultätfürBiologie,ChemieundGeowissenschaften, UniversitätBayreuth,95440Bayreuth,Germany E-mail:[email protected] DavidPolya SchoolofEarth,AtmosphericandEnvironmentalSciences, TheUniversityofManchester,Manchester,M139PL,UK E-mail:[email protected] PeterRavenscroft EntecUKLtd.,TrinityHouse,CambridgeBusinessPark, Cambridge,CB40WZ,UK E-mail:[email protected] BernabeRivas FacultyofChemistry,Universityof Concepción, E-mail:[email protected] ThomasR.Rüde InstituteofHydrogeology,RWTHAachenUniversity, 52056Aachen,Germany E-mail:[email protected] JoanneM.Santini InstituteofStructuralandMolecularBiology, UniversityCollegeLondon,UK E-mail:[email protected] OlleSelinus GeologicalSurveyofSweden(SGU),75128Uppsala, Sweden E-mail:[email protected] ArupK.Sengupta DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering atLehighUniversity,Bethlehem,PA,USA E-mail:[email protected] PaulineL.Smedley BritishGeologicalSurvey,Wallingford,OX108BB,UK E-mail:[email protected] KennethG.Stollenwerk USGeologicalSurvey,Denver,CO,USA E-mail:[email protected]
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