THE MESOZOIC ERA AGE OF DINOSAURS THE GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF EARTH THE MESOZOIC ERA AGE OF DINOSAURS EDITED BY JOHN P. RAFFERTY, ASSOCIATE EDITOR, EARTH SCIENCES Published in 2011 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.) in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010. Copyright © 2011 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Rosen Educational Services materials copyright © 2010 Rosen Educational Services, LLC. All rights reserved. Distributed exclusively by Rosen Educational Services. For a listing of additional Britannica Educational Publishing titles, call toll free (800) 237-9932. First Edition Britannica Educational Publishing Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor J.E. Luebering: Senior Manager Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition John P. Rafferty: Associate Editor, Earth Sciences Rosen Educational Services Hope Lourie Killcoyne: Senior Editor and Project Manager Joanne Randolph: Editor Nelson Sá: Art Director Cindy Reiman: Photography Manager Matthew Cauli: Designer, Cover Design Introduction by David Nagle Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Mesozoic era: age of dinosaurs/edited by John P. Rafferty. p. cm.—(The geologic history of Earth) “In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services.” Includes index. ISBN 978-1-61530193-5 (eBook) 1. Geology, Stratigraphic—Mesozoic. I. Rafferty, John P. QE675.M367 2010 560'.176—dc22 2009043136 On the cover: Tyrannosaurus rex, “king of the tyrant lizards,” reigned during the Jurassic period, which occurred midway through the Mesozoic era. This model of T. rex is part of the collection at the Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, Calif. Charles C. Place/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images p. 12 © www.istockphoto.com / Robert King; pp. 23, 102, 140, 209, 275, 277, 279 © www.istockphoto.com / Colton Stiffler CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE MESOZOIC ERA Mesozoic Geology The Tethys Sea Mesozoic Life Life in the Oceans Life on Land Mass Extinction at the end of the Mesozoic The Dinosaurs The Search for Dinosaurs Natural History of Dinosaurs Dinosaur Classification The End of the Dinosaurs CHAPTER 2: THE TRIASSIC PERIOD The Triassic Environment Paleogeography Paleoclimate Triassic Life Mass Extinctions of the Triassic The Permian-Triassic Extinctions The End-Triassic Extinctions Invertebrates Vertebrates Fishes and Marine Reptiles Terrestrial Reptiles and the First Mammals From Reptiles to Dinosaurs Flying Reptiles Plants Significant Dinosaurs of the Triassic Period Coelophysis Herrerasaurus Plateosaurus Other Significant Life-Forms of the Triassic Period Bauria Chondrosteiformes Cynognathus
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