The Merry Wives of Windsor PDF
Preview The Merry Wives of Windsor
THE NEW CAMBRIDGE SHAKESPEARE general editor BrianGibbons,UniversityofMu¨nster associate general editor A.R.Braunmuller,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles Fromthepublicationofthefirstvolumesin1984theGeneralEditoroftheNew CambridgeShakespearewasPhilipBrockbankandtheAssociateGeneralEditorswere BrianGibbonsandRobinHood.From1990to1994theGeneralEditorwasBrianGibbons andtheAssociateGeneralEditorswereA.R.BraunmullerandRobinHood. THE MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR ThisneweditionofShakespeare’sTheMerryWivesofWindsorfocusesonatheatrical understandingoftheplay.Whileemphasisingthelivelinessoftheplayinstageterms, DavidCranealsoclaimsthatthiscitizencomedyneedstobetakenmuchmoreseriously thaninthepast,asanexpressionofShakespeare’sfundamentalunderstandingofhuman life,conveyedcentrallyinthecharacterofFalstaff.Intheprocesshealsoexamines Shakespeare’sfreeandvigoroususeofdifferentlinguisticworldswithintheplay.The revisionofthiseditionincludesaresponsetosomecurrentargumentsaboutthedatingof MerryWives,andalsoconsidershowrecentproductionsbearuponthecriticaland theatricalaccountCranegivesoftheplay. THE NEW CAMBRIDGE SHAKESPEARE All’sWellThatEndsWell,editedbyRussellFraser AntonyandCleopatra,editedbyDavidBevington AsYouLikeIt,editedbyMichaelHattaway TheComedyofErrors,editedbyT.S.Dorsch Coriolanus,editedbyLeeBliss Cymbeline,editedbyMartinButler Hamlet,editedbyPhilipEdwards JuliusCaesar,editedbyMarvinSpevack KingEdwardIII,editedbyGiorgioMelchiori TheFirstPartofKingHenryIV,editedbyHerbertWeilandJudithWeil TheSecondPartofKingHenryIV,editedbyGiorgioMelchiori KingHenryV,editedbyAndrewGurr TheFirstPartofKingHenryVI,editedbyMichaelHattaway TheSecondPartofKingHenryVI,editedbyMichaelHattaway TheThirdPartofKingHenryVI,editedbyMichaelHattaway KingHenryVIII,editedbyJohnMargeson KingJohn,editedbyL.A.Beaurline TheTragedyofKingLear,editedbyJayL.Halio KingRichardII,editedbyAndrewGurr KingRichardIII,editedbyJanisLull Love’sLabour’sLost,editedbyWilliamC.Carroll Macbeth,editedbyA.R.Braunmuller MeasureforMeasure,editedbyBrianGibbons TheMerchantofVenice,editedbyM.M.Mahood TheMerryWivesofWindsor,editedbyDavidCrane AMidsummerNight’sDream,editedbyR.A.Foakes MuchAdoAboutNothing,editedbyF.H.Mares Othello,editedbyNormanSanders Pericles,editedbyDoreenDelVecchioandAntonyHammond ThePoems,editedbyJohnRoe RomeoandJuliet,editedbyG.BlakemoreEvans TheSonnets,editedbyG.BlakemoreEvans TheTamingoftheShrew,editedbyAnnThompson TheTempest,editedbyDavidLindley TimonofAthens,editedbyKarlKlein TitusAndronicus,editedbyAlanHughes TroilusandCressida,editedbyAnthonyB.Dawson TwelfthNight,editedbyElizabethStoryDonno TheTwoGentlemenofVerona,editedbyKurtSchlueter TheWinter’sTale,editedbySusanSnyderandDeborahT.Curren-Aquino the early quartos TheFirstQuartoofHamlet,editedbyKathleenO.Irace TheFirstQuartoofKingHenryV,editedbyAndrewGurr TheFirstQuartoofKingLear,editedbyJayL.Halio TheFirstQuartoofKingRichardIII,editedbyPeterDavison TheFirstQuartoofOthello,editedbyScottMcMillin TheFirstQuartoofRomeoandJuliet,editedbyLukasErne TheTamingofaShrew:The1594Quarto,editedbyStephenRoyMiller THE MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR Updated edition Editedby DAVID CRANE ResearchFellowintheUniversityofWalesatLampeter cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521146814 (cid:1)C CambridgeUniversityPress1997,2010 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished1997 Updatededition2010 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Shakespeare,William,1564–1616. ThemerrywivesofWindsor/editedbyDavidCrane.–Updateded. p. cm.– (ThenewCambridgeShakespeare) Includesbibliographicalreferences. isbn978-0-521-19710-6–isbn978-0-521-14681-4(pbk.) 1.Falstaff, John, Sir (Fictitious character) – Drama. 2.Windsor (Berkshire, England) – Drama. 3.Marriedwomen–Drama. I.Crane,D.E.L. II.Title. III.Series. pr2826.a2c74 2010 822.3(cid:2)3–dc22 2010000053 isbn978-0-521-19710-6hardback isbn978-0-521-14681-4paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. CONTENTS Listofillustrations page vi Preface vii Listofabbreviationsandconventions viii Introduction 1 Thedateandfirstoccasionoftheplay 1 Theworldoftheplay 6 Somemomentsintheplay 13 Theplayonthestage 16 Recentcriticalandstageinterpretations 28 Noteonthetext 37 Listofcharacters 40 The Play 43 Textualanalysis 161 Readinglist 173 v ILLUSTRATIONS 1 QueenElizabethviewingaperformanceofTheMerryWivesof Windsor.PaintedbyDavidScott,1840,reproducedbypermissionof theTrusteesoftheVictoriaandAlbertMuseum. page2 2 BrewsterMasonasFalstaffinTerryHands’1968productionbythe RoyalShakespeareCompany,reproducedbypermissionofthe ShakespeareCentreLibrary:theTomHolteTheatrePhotographic Collection. 12 3 BrendaBruceandBarbaraLeigh-HuntasMistressPageandMistress FordinTerryHands’1975RoyalShakespeareCompanyproduction. Photo:NobbyClark. 14 4 Titlepageofq1. 18 5 Act3,Scene3.PaintedbytheRevdW.Peters,1789. 21 6 Act5,Scene5.PaintedbyRobertSmirke,1789. 23 7 BeerbohmTreeasFalstaff,EllenTerryasMistressPage,andMadge KendalasMistressFordinBeerbohmTree’s1902production. PortraitbyJ.Collier,1904,reproducedbypermissionoftheGarrick Club(ETArchive). 25 8 Fromapageofthe1623Folioshowing‘massedentry’stagedirections. 27 9 MaureenBeattieasMistressPagereadsFalstaff’sletterinAct2, Scene1inthe1995productionbytheRoyalNationalTheatre (NationalTheatreArchive/IvanKyncl). 33 10 LesliePhillipsasFalstaffundertheoakattheendoftheplaywith Robin(playedeitherbyEddieParkesorCraigSalmon)inthe1996 productionbytheRoyalShakespeareCompany(MalcolmDavies Collection(cid:1)c ShakespeareBirthplaceTrust). 35 vi PREFACE TheMerryWivesofWindsorhasatmosttimesbeenapopularplayonthestage,but ithasnotbeenonebywhichShakespeareischieflyknownandthoughtabout.Even the presence of Falstaff has often merely invited somewhat slighting comparison withthetwogreathistories,TheFirstPartandTheSecondPartofKingHenryIV, in which he also appears. I hope this edition will emphasise the degree to which TheMerryWivesofWindsorisaliveinstageterms,butthatitwillalsobringtothe reader’sattentionhowgreatalinguistictriumphtheplayisandhowprofoundan understandingitconveysofwhatitmeanstobealiveandnotdead. Myoldfriend,TomCraik,publishedhiseditionofTheMerryWivesofWindsor fortheOxfordShakespearein1990,andIhaveprofitedimmenselyfromit,aswellas owingagreatdealinthepreparationofmyowneditiontofrequentdiscussionwith him.Inevitably,andhappily,theplayseemssomewhatdifferentfocusedthrough hisunderstandingofitandthroughmine,butIthinkneitherofuswouldsaywe hadnoneedoftheotherunderstanding. My indebtedness is so great, in the pages that follow, both to people I know personally and to those known only in print, that the small space of a preface will not record it in detail; but I could not fail here to thank Brian Gibbons, the General Editor of the New Cambridge Shakespeare, for his constant help and encouragement;norendwithoutmywarmestandmostaffectionatethankstothe staffofBishopCosin’sLibraryinDurham,whogavemeanacademichomeanda placetoworkinwhenIbadlyneededit. D.L.C. Durham vii ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS Shakespeare’splays,whencitedinthisedition,areabbreviatedinastylemodifiedslightly from that used in the Harvard Concordance to Shakespeare. Other editions of Shakespeare areabbreviatedundertheeditor’ssurname(Rowe,Eccles)unlesstheyaretheworkofmore than oneeditor.In such cases,an abbreviated seriestitleisused (Cam.). When more than oneeditionbythesameeditoriscited,latereditionsarediscriminatedwitharaisedfigure (Collier2). All quotations from Shakespeare, except those from The Merry Wives of Wind- sor,usethetextandlineationofTheRiversideShakespeare,underthegeneraleditorshipof G.BlakemoreEvans. 1. Shakespeare’splays Ado MuchAdoAboutNothing Ant. AntonyandCleopatra AWW All’sWellThatEndsWell AYLI AsYouLikeIt Cor. Coriolanus Cym. Cymbeline Err. TheComedyofErrors Ham. Hamlet 1H4 TheFirstPartofKingHenrytheFourth 2H4 TheSecondPartofKingHenrytheFourth H5 KingHenrytheFifth 1H6 TheFirstPartofKingHenrytheSixth 2H6 TheSecondPartofKingHenrytheSixth 3H6 TheThirdPartofKingHenrytheSixth H8 KingHenrytheEighth JC JuliusCaesar John KingJohn Lear KingLear LLL Love’sLabour’sLost Mac. Macbeth MM MeasureforMeasure MND AMidsummerNight’sDream MV TheMerchantofVenice Oth. Othello Per. Pericles R2 KingRichardtheSecond R3 KingRichardtheThird Rom. RomeoandJuliet Shr. TheTamingoftheShrew STM SirThomasMore Temp. TheTempest TGV TheTwoGentlemenofVerona viii [ix] Abbreviationsandconventions Tim. TimonofAthens Tit. TitusAndronicus TN TwelfthNight TNK TheTwoNobleKinsmen Tro. TroilusandCressida Wiv. TheMerryWivesofWindsor WT TheWinter’sTale 2. Otherworkscitedandgeneralreferences Abbott E.A.Abbott,AShakespearianGrammar,1883edn(referencesareto numberedparagraphs) Alexander Works,ed.PeterAlexander,1951 Bentley G.E.Bentley,TheJacobeanandCarolineStage,7vols.,1941–68 Bevington Works,ed.DavidBevington,1980 Bowers TheMerryWivesofWindsor,ed.FredsonBowers,1969(revisedPelican Shakespeare) Bullough NarrativeandDramaticSourcesofShakespeare,ed.GeoffreyBullough,8 vols.,1957–75 Cam. Works,ed.W.G.Clark,J.Glover,andW.A.Wright,1863–6(Cambridge Shakespeare) Capell Comedies,Histories,andTragedies,ed.EdwardCapell,[1768] Cercignani FaustoCercignani,Shakespeare’sWorksandElizabethanPronunciation, 1989 Chambers E.K.Chambers,TheElizabethanStage,4vols.,1923 Clarke DramaticWorks,ed.CharlesandMaryCowdenClarke,1864 Collier Works,ed.JohnPayneCollier,1842–4 Collier2 Plays,ed.JohnPayneCollier,1853 Collier3 Comedies,Histories,Tragedies,andPoems,ed.JohnPayneCollier,1858 Collier4 PlaysandPoems,ed.JohnPayneCollier,1875–8 Colman E.A.M.Colman,TheDramaticUseofBawdyinShakespeare,1974 conj. conjecture Craig Works,ed.W.J.Craig,1891(OxfordShakespeare) Craik TheMerryWivesofWindsor,ed.T.W.Craik,1990(OxfordShakespeare) Daly Shakespeare’sComedyofTheMerryWivesofWindsor,Afacsimileofthe FirstQuarto...preparedforuseatDaly’sTheatre,1886 Delius Werke,ed.NicolausDelius,1854–60 Dyce Works,ed.AlexanderDyce,1857 Dyce2 Works,ed.AlexanderDyce,2ndedn,1864–7 Evans TheRiversideShakespeare,ed.G.BlakemoreEvansetal.,1974 f Mr.WilliamShakespearesComedies,Histories,andTragedies,1623(First Folio) f2 Mr.WilliamShakespearesComedies,HistoriesandTragedies,1632(Second Folio) f3 Mr.WilliamShakespearsComedies,HistoriesandTragedies,1663(Third Folio) f4 Mr.WilliamShakespearsComedies,HistoriesandTragedies,1685(Fourth Folio) Farmer RichardFarmer,AnEssayontheLearningofShakespeare,1767 Furnivall TheMerryWivesofWindsor,ed.F.J.Furnivall,1908
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