The Medival Hospitals of England by Rotha Mary Clay by AUTHOR PDF
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Project Gutenberg's The Mediæval Hospitals of England, by Rotha Mary Clay This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. Title: The Mediæval Hospitals of England Author: Rotha Mary Clay Contributor: G. F. Bristol Editor: J. Charles Cox Release Date: November 19, 2015 [EBook #50501] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MEDIÆVAL HOSPITALS OF ENGLAND *** Produced by Chris Curnow, RichardW, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) to transcriber's note to table of contents The Mediæval Hospitals of England, by Rotha Mary Clay THE ANTIQUARY’S BOOKS GENERAL EDITOR: J. CHARLES COX, LL.D., F.S.A. THE MEDIÆVAL HOSPITALS OF ENGLAND ♦ ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL, DOVER THE MEDIÆVAL HOSPITALS OF ENGLAND BY ROTHA MARY CLAY WITH A PREFACE BY THE LORD BISHOP OF BRISTOL WITH 78 ILLUSTRATIONS METHUEN & CO. 36 ESSEX STREET W.C. LONDON First Published in 1909 DEDICATED TO FRANCES ARNOLD-FORSTER WITH GRATEFUL AFFECTION PREFACE W HE N the able author of this book asked me to write a Preface to a work on Hospitals, I replied that I must first see the sheets in proof. This was not due to any doubt of the ability of the writer, it was due to some doubt as to the adequacy of the material at her disposal. This doubt has been much more than removed. The mass of the material collected is remarkable. Still more remarkable is the evidence of the very large part played by Hospitals—in the widest senses of the word—in the social life of the people of this land in the earlier Middle Ages. For the fuller understanding of the social life of our ancestors, this book contributes information of the most luminous character. It will serve also as an example and pattern for young and earnest students of real history, the history of ordinary human beings rather than of generals and of kings. And it must be added that, although the division into numerous headings leads to frequent repetitions of the names and characters of institutions of the nature of Hospitals, it has the great advantage of reducing to order a mass of material which might under less careful treatment have had a chaotic appearance. As a book of reference for readers and writers, this treatise on the Mediæval Hospitals of England ought to hold a distinguished place. G. F. BRISTOL July, 1909. CONTENTS Preface by the Lord Bishop of Bristol vii Introduction xvii PART I CHAPTER I Hospitals for Wayfarers and the Sick 1 CHAPTER II Homes for the Feeble and Destitute 15 CHAPTER III Homes for the Insane 31 CHAPTER IV The Lazar-House 35 CHAPTER V The Leper in England 48 CHAPTER VI Founders and Benefactors 70 CHAPTER VII Hospital Inmates 91 CHAPTER VIII Hospital Dwellings 106 CHAPTER IX The Constitution 126 CHAPTER X The Household and its Members 143 CHAPTER XI Care of the Soul 158 CHAPTER XII Care of the Body 167 CHAPTER XIII Hospital Funds 178 CHAPTER XIV Relations with Church and State 194 CHAPTER XV Decline of the Hospitals 212 CHAPTER XVI The Dissolution of Religious Houses and its Effect upon Hospitals 226 PART II Hospital Patron-Saints 244 APPENDIX A Office at the Seclusion of a Leper 273 APPENDIX B Tabulated List of Foundations 278 Bibliography 339 General Index 343 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT * Asterisk denotes that buildings remain in much the same condition as shown. ¶ The seals are copied mainly from impressions in the British Museum. 1. St. John’s Hospital, Oxford [After M. Paris, B.M. Roy. 14 C. vii. f. 221.] J. Charles Wall 1 2. A Pilgrim [B.M. 17 C. xxxviii. f. 39, xiv. cent.] J. Charles Wall 6 3. Domus Conversorum, London [Idem.] Home for Jews, founded 1232. Site occupied by Rolls Chapel, Chancery Lane. J. Charles Wall 20 4. *Poor Priests’ Hospital, Canterbury [From Ancient Cities Series.] B. C. Boulter 23 5. *The Bede-House, Stamford J. Charles Wall 29 6. Seal of the Lazar-House, Mile End J. Charles Wall 47 7. The Leper and the Physician [Trin. Coll. Camb. O.I. 20, by permission of the Librarian.] Represents, perhaps, the examination of a suspected person. J. Charles Wall 59 8. Elias, a Leper-monk [Notes on Painted Glass in Canterbury Cathedral; from window in the Trinity Chapel, partly new, partly fragments of old glass.] J. Charles Wall 64 9. A Leper [Exeter Pontifical, B.M. Lands. 451 f. 127; xiv. cent. MS., marginal sketch possibly xv. cent.] J. Charles Wall 68 10. “The Memorial of Matilda the Queen” [After Matthew Paris, Hist. Major, Corp. Chr. Coll. Camb., MS. xvi, xxvi, by permission of the Librarian.] Memoriale Matildis reginæ scilicet hospitale Sancti Egidii quod est Londoniæ. J. Charles Wall 71 11. *Tomb of Rahere in St. Bartholomew’s, Smithfield J. Charles Wall 76 12. Memorial Brass of John Barstaple [By kind permission of Mr. J. W. Arrowsmith.] — 84 13. *St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Bristol [By kind permission of the Proprietor of the Western Daily Press.] S. J. Loxton 89 14. Seal of St. Bartholomew’s, London J. Charles Wall 93 15. Seal of Knightsbridge Hospital Depicts Blessed Virgin and Child with St. Leonard. Inscribed: Sigillum: ospici sci: lenarde (?): kynght brigge. J. Charles Wall 103 16. Seal of St. Alexis, Exeter J. Charles Wall 107 17. Seal of St. John’s, Exeter J. Charles Wall 107 18. Seal of St. John’s, Stafford J. Charles Wall 108 19. Plan of St. Mary’s, Chichester [Dollman’s Domestic Architecture.] J. Charles Wall 112 20. Plan of St. Nicholas’, Salisbury Drawn by Mr. J. Arthur Reeve, architect. By kind permission of Canon Wordsworth. — 113 21. Sherburn Hospital, near Durham [Hutchinson’s Durham, 1787.] The gateway and chapel remain. — 118 22. Plan of St. Mary Magdalene’s, Winchester [After Schnebbelie.] J. Charles Wall 119 23. *Chapel of Abbot Beere’s Almshouse, Glastonbury J. Charles Wall 124 24. Seal of the leper-women of Westminster J. Charles Wall 147 25. *Ancient Hospital Altar at Glastonbury [By kind permission of Mr. George Gregory, Bath, from Rev. C. L. Marson’s Glastonbury.] In the chapel of the almshouse founded or re-founded by Abbot Beere. — 165 26. A Leper with clapper and dish [After a Miniature in the Bibl. de l’Arsenal, Paris, MS. 5060; xiii. cent.; from La Vie Privée d’Autrefois, “L’Hygiène,” A. Franklin, 1890.] — 177 27. Document and Seal of Holy Innocents’, Lincoln [B.M. Harl. ch. 44 A. 29.] J. Charles Wall 180 28. Alms-box, Harbledown Hospital Erasmus dropped a coin into it on his visit to Harbledown. J. Charles Wall 192 29. *Bell-turret of St. Mary Magdalene’s, Glastonbury [From Ancient Cities Series.] E. H. New 198 30. Seal of St. Anthony’s, London [Gent. Mag. 1784 ii.] J. Charles Wall 208 31. *Gateway of St. John’s, Canterbury [From Ancient Cities Series.] B. C. Boulter 241 32. Seal of St. Mary Magdalene’s, Bristol J. Charles Wall 252 33. Seal of St. Mark’s, Bristol J. Charles Wall 254 34. Seal of St. Clement’s, Hoddesdon J. Charles Wall 256 35. Seal of St. Katherine’s, Bristol J. Charles Wall 260 36. A Pilgrim’s Sign [Collectanea Antiqua.] Canterbury souvenir found at York. — 265 37. Seal of St. Bartholomew’s, Rochester J. Charles Wall 271 Frontispiece LIST OF PLATES *Maison Dieu, Dover [Buck’s engraving, 1735.] S.E. view of St. Mary’s Hospital. The restored buildings form part of the Town Hall; the chapel on the N.E. is used as a police-court. I. Refreshment for Wayfarers [“The Pilgrim.” B.M. Tib. A. vii. f. 90, xv. cent.] 5 II. *Pilgrims’ Hospital, Canterbury [Drawn by J. Raymond, engraved by Cook.] N. view of St. Thomas’, Eastbridge. The windows are those of the chapel, rebuilt circa 1363. 8 III. *St. John’s, Canterbury [Idem.] The chapel exists, but altered. The hall contains charters, alms-box, account-books, etc. 15 IV. *Cloister of St. Giles’, Norwich [Photograph, London and Co. Photo Press.] 24 V. *Harbledown Hospital [Drawn by Nelson, 1766, engraved by Cook.] Church remains, dwellings rebuilt; hall contains ancient utensils, etc. 35 VI. (a) St. Bartholomew’s, Gloucester [From Lysons’ Antiquities.] S.E. view. Hospital rebuilt temp. Henry III. 73 (b) *St. Mary’s, Chichester [S.H. Grimm, B.M. Add. Burrell.] 73 VII. *God’s House, Southampton [Woodward and Wilks, Hampshire.] St. Julian’s Chapel and God’s House Gate. 78 VIII. *Hospital of St. Cross [From Guide, J. Wilkes, 1780.] The southern wing has disappeared. 81 IX. The Death of Richard Whittington [Life of John Carpenter, by T. Brewer, p. 26; original in Mercers’ Hall.] 82 X. *Hall of St. Cross, Winchester [Woodward.] 110 XI. *St. Mary Magdalene’s, Glastonbury (a) View from the West. [Drawn by E. H. New.] (b) Ground-plan. [Drawn by J. Charles Wall.] 115 XII. St. Giles-in-the-Fields, London [From a map about 1566, B.M. Crace Collection.] (a) Plan of the Leper Hospital. (b) Church of St. Giles. 117 XIII. *Ford’s Hospital, Coventry [Photograph by Frith.] 121 XIV. The Savoy Hospital, London [G.V. 1736, Vetusta Monumenta.] 122 XV. *Hospital of St. Nicholas, Salisbury [Original drawings by J. Buckler, B.M. K. xliii.] (a) S.E. view; the present chapel is shown, and to the right a former chapel, now a kitchen. (b) W. view; the weathering of the original porch is seen. 129 XVI. (a) The Warden’s House, Sherburn [Original drawing by Grimm, B.M.] This residence was destroyed in 1833. 143 (b) *Gateway, Kepier [Surtees’ Durham.] This fine gateway (1333–45) has a groined ceiling with beautiful bosses. 143 XVII. *The Almshouse, Ewelme [Photograph by Taunt.] “The Pratie Hospitale of poore Men” with its “very fair Welle” was visited by Leland. 151 XVIII. *St. Mary’s, Chichester [Photograph by Valentine.] 158 XIX. St. Bartholomew’s, Sandwich [Drawn by G. Maxwell, engraved in W. Boys’ Collections, 1787.] (a) Chapel. (b) Gateway. 160 XX. The Beggars’ Dole [Gentleman’s Magazine, 1793, from stained glass.] Food distributed to the hungry; one cripple uses a “stool” or support. 170 XXI. St. Mary Magdalene’s, Winchester [J. Schnebbelie, 1788, Vetusta Monumenta.] (a) Master’s House and Chapel. (b) Chapel from West. A Norman doorway from this destroyed chapel was removed to St. Peter’s Street. 179 XXII. *St. Bartholomew’s, Oxford [Drawn by Hollis, Gent. Mag., 1833, i.] The chapel and buildings remain at Bartlemas Farm, Cowley Road. 191 XXIII. *St. John’s, Wilton [Original drawings by J. Buckler, B.M.] (a) S.E. view. (b) N. view. The “Priory” is still picturesque and ivy-clad. The walls are of flints, with large quoins; the original buttresses and windows remain. The chapel (a) is in use. 205 XXIV. *St. Leonard’s, York (ambulatory) 227 XXV. *St. Leonard’s, York (chapel) 232 XXVI. *The Almshouse, Abingdon [Photograph by Taunt] Now called Christ’s Hospital. 235 XXVII. St. Mary’s, Newcastle [After lithograph, J. Storey, 1844; reproduced by permission of the Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, from Transactions, 1892.] 247 XXVIII. (a) St. Petronilla’s, Bury St. Edmunds 256 (b) *Lepers’ Chapel, Dunwich 256 XXIX. The Hospitality of St. Julian [By Cristofano Allori, Palazzo Pitti, Florence, photograph by Brogi.] 259 XXX. (a) Spital-on-the-Street [S.H. Grimm, B.M.] 264 (b) *St. Edmund’s, Gateshead [Idem.] The chapel was built circa 1247, and restored 1837; now Holy Trinity Church, High Street. 264
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