The medieval way of war: studies in medieval military history in honor of Bernard S. Bachrach

349 Pages·2.785 MB·English

by  Bachrach, Bernard S., Halfond, Gregory I

The Medieval Way of War
Bernard S. Bacharach
The Medieval Way of War
Studies in Medieval Military history
in honor of Bernard S. Bachrach
edited by
GreGory i. halfond
Framingham State University, USA
© Gregory i. halfond 2015
all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.
Gregory i. halfond has asserted his right under the Copyright, designs and Patents act,
1988, to be identified as the editor of this work.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
The Medieval Way of War: Studies in Medieval Military history in honor of
Bernard S. Bachrach / edited by Gregory i. halfond.
pages cm
includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Military art and science – history – Medieval, 500-1500. 2. Military history,
Medieval. i. halfond, Gregory i., editor. ii. Bachrach, Bernard S., 1939-
d128.M4335 2015
355.02094’0902–dc23 2014027132
ISBN 9781472419583 (hbk)
ISBN 9781472419590 (ebk-ePDF)
ISBN 9781472419606 (ebk-ePUB)
VII
Printed in the United Kingdom by henry ling limited,
at the dorset Press, dorchester, dT1 1hd
Contents
List of Figures/Maps vii
List of Contributors ix
Acknowledgements xiii
Abbreviations xv
Introduction 1
Bibliography of Publications by Bernard S. Bachrach 7
Part I the hIstory and hIstorIograPhy of War
In Late antIque and earLy MedIevaL euroPe
1 The Roman Frontier along the Upper Danube in Late Antiquity 21
Andreas Schwarcz
2 War and Peace in the Acta of the Merovingian Church Councils 29
Gregory I. Halfond
3 Reflections on Alfred the Great as a Military Leader 47
Richard Abels
4 Conrad II (990—1039), the First Medieval Emperor of Three
Kingdoms 65
Herwig Wolfram
5 Maps of French History before the Atlas of Auguste Longnon 79
Walter Goffart
Part II Warfare In the east In the CrusadIng era
6 A Medieval Siege of Troy: The Fight to the Death at Acre, 1189–
1191 or The Tears of Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn 97
John H. Pryor
7 King Richard’s Plan for the Battle of Arsūf/Arsur, 1191 117
Benjamin Z. Kedar
vi The Medieval Way of War
8 Crusading Warfare, Chivalry, and the Enslavement of
Women and Children 133
John Gillingham
9 The Catalan Company in the East: The Evolution of an Itinerant
Army (1303–1311) 153
David Jacoby
Part III euroPean Warfare In the CentraL and
Later MIddLe ages
10 A Decisive Century in the Struggle against Islam in Iberia, ca.
1031–1157: Grand Strategic Perspectives 185
Manuel Rojas Gabriel
11 Contrary Winds: Theories of History and the Limits of Sachkritik 205
Stephen Morillo
12 Women in the Context of Romanesque Combat Scenes in Spain
and France: Virtue, Judgment and Rape 223
James F. Powers and Lorraine C. Attreed
13 The Battle of Bouvines 27 July 1214 251
John France
14 King Edward I’s Military Bureaucracy: The Case of Peter of
Dunwich 273
David Bachrach
15 The Trebuchets of the Tower 283
Michael Prestwich
16 The Military Obligations of the Danish Church in the High Middle
Ages 295
Niels Lund
17 The Implications of the Anonimo Romano Account of the Battle of
Crécy 309
Kelly DeVries
Index 323
List of Figures/Maps
6.1 Tall Kaysān from Tall al-Fukhkhār 102
7.1 Charles Oman’s plan of the Battle of Arsūf/Arsur 120
7.2 The area of Arsūf on Pierre Jacotin’s map 128
7.3 The forest of Arsūf/Arsur, estimates of its extent 131
12.1 Saint-Georges at Faye-la-Vineuse, capital in the north ambulatory 225
12.2 Notre-Dame at Areines, fresco in the embrasure of the interior
apse window 226
12.3 Notre-Dame at Areines, fresco in the embrasure of the interior
apse window 227
12.4 Saint-Pierre at Aulnay de Santonge, archivolt 229
12.5 Saint-Pierre at Aulnay de Santonge, archivolt 230
12.6 Ermita de Nuestra Señora del Soto near Revenga, capital at the
base of the north side of the triumphal arch 231
12.7 Saint Kyneburgha at Castor, interior capital on the west side of the
south tower arch (south face) 233
12.8 Sainte-Marie aux Dames at Saintes, west face of a capital on the
western façade at the northern end 234
12.9 Catedral Viejo at Salamanca, interior capital under
the central tower 237
12.10 Santa Maria at Retortillo (Cantabria), capital on the south side at
the base of the triumphal arch 239
12.11 Santa María de la Concepción at Ochánduri, northern capital
in the interior apse 241
12.12 Santa María de la Concepción at Ochánduri, southern capital
in the interior apse 242
12.13 Nuestra Señora de la Asunción at Alaitza (Álava), vaulting
spanning the apse and chancel 243
12.14 Nuestra Señora de la Asunción at Alaitza (Álava),
northern chancel vault 245
Acknowledgements
Cover Image: Leiden University Library, ms. PER F 17, fol. 15v. Courtesy of
Leiden University Library.
Figure 6.1: Photograph by John H. Pryor
viii The Medieval Way of War
Figure 7.1: From Charles Oman, A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages,
A.D. 378-1278, 2nd ed. (London, 1924), opposite p. 312.
Figure 7.2: From Carte topographique de l’Égypte et de plusieurs parties des pays
limitrophes, levée pendant l’expédition de l’Armée française par les ingénieurs-
géographes, construite par M. Jacotin (Paris, 1818), Sheet 45: Césarée (excerpt).
Figure 7.3: Map Design: Tamar Soffer, Jerusalem, for the author
Sources:
(a) Yehuda Karmon, The Sharon – Physiography and Soils, 1959 (in Hebrew).
(b) The Palestine Exploration Fund map of 1880, Sheet X.
Figures 12.1-2, 12.4-14: Photographs by James F. Powers
Figure 12.3: Photograph by Lorraine C. Attreed
List of Contributors
Dr Richard Abels: Professor of History, The United States Naval Academy. Dr
Abels’ publications include Lordship and Military Obligation in Anglo-Saxon
England (1988) and Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo-Saxon
England (1998).
Dr Lorraine C. Attreed: Professor of History, College of the Holy Cross. Dr
Attreed’s publications include The York House Books, 1461-1490 (1991) and The
King’s Towns: Identity and Survival in Late Medieval English Boroughs (2001).
Dr David Bachrach: Professor of History, University of New Hampshire. Dr
Bachrach’s publications include Religion and the Conduct of War c. 300 – c. 1215
(2003) and Warfare in Tenth-Century Germany (2012).
Dr Kelly DeVries: Professor of History, Loyola University. Dr DeVries’
publications include Medieval Military Technology (1992), The Norwegian
Invasion of England in 1066 (1999), Infantry Warfare in the Early Fourteenth
Century (2000), and A Cumulative Bibliography of Medieval Military History and
Technology (2002).
Dr John France: Professor Emeritus of History, Swansea University. Dr France’s
publications include Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade
(1994), Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades (1999), and The Crusades and
the Expansion of Catholic Christendom, 1000-1714 (2005).
Professor John Gillingham: Professor Emeritus of History, London School of
Economics. Professor Gillingham’s publications include Richard I (1999), The
English in the Twelfth Century: Imperialism, National Identity, and Political
Values (2000), and The Angevin Empire (2nd ed. 2001).
Dr Walter Goffart: Senior Research Scholar and Lecturer, History, Yale
University. Dr Goffart’s publications include The Le Mans Forgeries (1966),
Barbarians and Romans, AD 418-584: The Techniques of Accommodation (1980),
The Narrators of Barbarian History (1988), and Barbarian Tides: The Migration
Age and the Later Roman Empire (2006).
Dr Gregory I. Halfond: Associate Professor of History, Framingham State
University. Dr Halfond’s publications include The Archaeology of Frankish
Church Councils, AD 511-768 (2010).