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ii C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM i C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM THE MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC HOSPITAL Medicine, Religion, and Charity ThefirstmonographonthehistoryofIslamichospitals,thisvolume focusesontheunderexaminedEgyptianandLevantineinstitutionsof thetwelfthtofourteenthcenturies.Bythetwelfthcentury,hospitals servingthesickandthepoorcouldbefoundinnearlyeveryIslamic city. Ahmed Ragab traces the varying origins and development of these institutions, locating them in their urban environments and linking them to charity networks and patrons’ political projects. Followingthepathsofpatientsinsidehospitalwards,heinvestigates whotheywereandwhatkindsofexperiencestheyhad.TheMedieval Islamic Hospital explores the medical networks surrounding early hospitalsandshedslightontheparticularbrandofpractice-oriented medicine they helped develop. Providing a detailed picture of the effectofreligiononmedievalmedicine,itwillbeessentialreadingfor thoseinterestedinthehistoryofmedicine,historyofIslamicsciences, orhistoryoftheMediterranean. ahmed ragab is the Richard T. Watson Assistant Professor of Science and Religion at Harvard Divinity School, where he also directstheScience,Religion,andCultureProgram.Heisamember oftheCommissiononHistoryofScienceandTechnologyinIslamic SocietiesandtheInternationalSocietyforScienceandReligion. ii C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM iii C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM THE MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC HOSPITAL Medicine, Religion, and Charity AHMED RAGAB HarvardUniversity iv C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107109605 ©AhmedRagab2015 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2015 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. isbn978-1-107-10960-5Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof urlsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. v C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM To Soha and Carmen vi C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM vii C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM Contents Acknowledgments pageix Preface xi NoteonTransliteration xvii Introduction 1 OriginsandIdentities 4 BookOrganization 8 Prologue:ATaleofTwoBīmāristāns 12 ADeepInquiry:CareandCureinLateAntiquity 12 The(New)IslamicateStory 21 TheLoreoftheBakhtīshūʿs 27 ATaleofTwoCitiesandTwoBīmāristāns 33 Conclusion 40 part i: building a b¯ıma¯rista¯n 1 FromJerusalemtoDamascus:TheMonumentalBīmāristāns oftheLevant 45 TheBīmāristānasaMonument 45 Nūral-DīnZankīandHisBīmāristāns 49 CrusaderHospitals:Friendship,Animosity,andCompetition 59 Ṣalāḥal-DīnandInheritingtheHospitallerHeritage 68 Conclusion 74 2 ReclaimingthePast:The(New)BimāristānsofEgypt 76 Ṣalāḥal-Dīn’sNewCapital:TheMakingofCairoCityscape 76 Al-ManṣūrQalāwūn’sArchitecturalPatronage 89 Buildingal-Bīmāristānal-Manṣūrī 93 Conclusion 103 3 “TheBestofDeeds”:MedicalPatronageinMamlukEgypt 106 QalāwūnasaPatronofMedicine 106 vii viii C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM viii Contents TheWaqfDocument:TheVoiceofPlace 109 Conclusion 137 part ii: physicians and patients 4 TheoryandPractice:TheReignoftheBīmāristānPhysicians 141 Introduction 141 Al-DakhwārandHisCircle:MedicalLuminariesofTwelfth- andThirteenth-CenturyLevant 142 Theory,Practice,anda(New)Disease-OrientedApproach 156 Didal-Dakhwār’sCircleForcetheIslamizationofMedicalPractice? 163 TheOtherBaghdadiÉmigré 170 Conclusion 173 5 “AHouseforKingandSlave”:PatientsandMedicalPractice intheBīmāristān 176 Introduction 176 WalkingtheBīmāristān’sHalls 177 WhoWeretheBīmāristānPatients? 185 PatientMeetsPhysician:MedicalEncounterandExamination 201 HowDidPhysiciansThinkintheBīmāristān? 209 ABīmāristānīPharmacopeia 214 Conclusion 218 Conclusion 223 Annex –WhoBuilttheFirstIslamicHospital? 231 Bibliography 239 Index 259

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The first monograph on the history of Islamic hospitals, this volume focuses on the under-examined Egyptian and Levantine institutions of the twelfth to fourteenth centuries. By the twelfth century, hospitals serving the sick and the poor could be found in nearly every Islamic city. Ahmed Ragab trac
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ii C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM i C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM THE MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC HOSPITAL Medicine, Religion, and Charity ThefirstmonographonthehistoryofIslamichospitals,thisvolume focusesontheunderexaminedEgyptianandLevantineinstitutionsof thetwelfthtofourteenthcenturies.Bythetwelfthcentury,hospitals servingthesickandthepoorcouldbefoundinnearlyeveryIslamic city. Ahmed Ragab traces the varying origins and development of these institutions, locating them in their urban environments and linking them to charity networks and patrons’ political projects. Followingthepathsofpatientsinsidehospitalwards,heinvestigates whotheywereandwhatkindsofexperiencestheyhad.TheMedieval Islamic Hospital explores the medical networks surrounding early hospitalsandshedslightontheparticularbrandofpractice-oriented medicine they helped develop. Providing a detailed picture of the effectofreligiononmedievalmedicine,itwillbeessentialreadingfor thoseinterestedinthehistoryofmedicine,historyofIslamicsciences, orhistoryoftheMediterranean. ahmed ragab is the Richard T. Watson Assistant Professor of Science and Religion at Harvard Divinity School, where he also directstheScience,Religion,andCultureProgram.Heisamember oftheCommissiononHistoryofScienceandTechnologyinIslamic SocietiesandtheInternationalSocietyforScienceandReligion. ii C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM iii C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM THE MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC HOSPITAL Medicine, Religion, and Charity AHMED RAGAB HarvardUniversity iv C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107109605 ©AhmedRagab2015 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2015 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. isbn978-1-107-10960-5Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof urlsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. v C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM To Soha and Carmen vi C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM vii C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM Contents Acknowledgments pageix Preface xi NoteonTransliteration xvii Introduction 1 OriginsandIdentities 4 BookOrganization 8 Prologue:ATaleofTwoBīmāristāns 12 ADeepInquiry:CareandCureinLateAntiquity 12 The(New)IslamicateStory 21 TheLoreoftheBakhtīshūʿs 27 ATaleofTwoCitiesandTwoBīmāristāns 33 Conclusion 40 part i: building a b¯ıma¯rista¯n 1 FromJerusalemtoDamascus:TheMonumentalBīmāristāns oftheLevant 45 TheBīmāristānasaMonument 45 Nūral-DīnZankīandHisBīmāristāns 49 CrusaderHospitals:Friendship,Animosity,andCompetition 59 Ṣalāḥal-DīnandInheritingtheHospitallerHeritage 68 Conclusion 74 2 ReclaimingthePast:The(New)BimāristānsofEgypt 76 Ṣalāḥal-Dīn’sNewCapital:TheMakingofCairoCityscape 76 Al-ManṣūrQalāwūn’sArchitecturalPatronage 89 Buildingal-Bīmāristānal-Manṣūrī 93 Conclusion 103 3 “TheBestofDeeds”:MedicalPatronageinMamlukEgypt 106 QalāwūnasaPatronofMedicine 106 vii viii C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/6639172/WORKINGFOLDER//9781107109605PRE.3D [1–18]4.9.201512:14PM viii Contents TheWaqfDocument:TheVoiceofPlace 109 Conclusion 137 part ii: physicians and patients 4 TheoryandPractice:TheReignoftheBīmāristānPhysicians 141 Introduction 141 Al-DakhwārandHisCircle:MedicalLuminariesofTwelfth- andThirteenth-CenturyLevant 142 Theory,Practice,anda(New)Disease-OrientedApproach 156 Didal-Dakhwār’sCircleForcetheIslamizationofMedicalPractice? 163 TheOtherBaghdadiÉmigré 170 Conclusion 173 5 “AHouseforKingandSlave”:PatientsandMedicalPractice intheBīmāristān 176 Introduction 176 WalkingtheBīmāristān’sHalls 177 WhoWeretheBīmāristānPatients? 185 PatientMeetsPhysician:MedicalEncounterandExamination 201 HowDidPhysiciansThinkintheBīmāristān? 209 ABīmāristānīPharmacopeia 214 Conclusion 218 Conclusion 223 Annex –WhoBuilttheFirstIslamicHospital? 231 Bibliography 239 Index 259

Description:
The first monograph on the history of Islamic hospitals, this volume focuses on the under-examined Egyptian and Levantine institutions of the twelfth to fourteenth centuries. By the twelfth century, hospitals serving the sick and the poor could be found in nearly every Islamic city. Ahmed Ragab trac
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