The Medical Basis of Psychiatry PDF
Preview The Medical Basis of Psychiatry
S. Hossein Fatemi Paula J. Clayton Editors The Medical Basis of Psychiatry Fourth Edition 123 The Medical Basis of Psychiatry The Medical Basis of Psychiatry Fourth Edition Edited by S. Hossein Fatemi, M.D., Ph.D. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Paula J. Clayton, M.D. Formerly of, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Editors S. Hossein Fatemi, M.D., Ph.D., FACPsych Paula J. Clayton, M.D. Professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Professor Emerita, University of Minnesota School of Medicine University of Minnesota School of Medicine, 420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392 University of New Mexico School of Medicine Minneapolis , MN 55455 , USA Pasadena, CA 91103 , USA ISBN 978-1-4939-2527-8 ISBN 978-1-4939-2528-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2528-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015932494 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. T he use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To George Winokur S.H.F. and P.J.C. To my father, S. Mehdi Fatemi, and to my family, S. Ali Fatemi, M.D., Naheed Fatemi, Parvin Fatemi, S. Mohammad Fatemi, Neelufaar Fatemi, Maryam Jalali-Mousavi, Ph.D., and last but not least, my mother, Fatemeh Parsa Moghaddam, whose love and support have enabled me to complete this work, and to my fi rst teacher in psychiatry, Deborah Gould, M.D. S.H.F. To my children, who have tolerated my passion for work and psychiatry: Clarissa Beth Weirick, Matthew Charles Clayton, and Andrew Curtis Clayton, to George and his lovely family and to all those at Washington University Department of Psychiatry who taught me and inspired me. P.J.C. Foreword T his fourth edition of a classic American textbook of neuromedically oriented psychiatry continues an important tradition refl ected in the fi rst edition of 1986 (599 pp) from WB Saunders Press, edited by the late George Winokur, MD, with Professor Clayton, continued with the second edition of 1994 (603 pp), and the third and fourth editions with Professor S. Hossein Fatemi as co-editor in 2008 (799 pp) from Humana Press, a division of Springer. The orientation of the book grew out of a descriptive neuromedical approach to psychiatry that was characteristic of 19th and early 20th century European psychiatry, and largely lost in psychodynamically dominated mid-20th-century American psychiatry. More specifi cally, it refl ects the interests of a most notable and unusual department of psychiatry at Washington University in St. Louis led by Professor Eli Robins and his colleagues, where Dr. Clayton trained, and where Dr. Winokur worked for many years before becoming chairman of psychiatry at the University of Iowa. The present edition is based at the University of Minnesota and is again edited by Drs. Fatemi and Clayton. Most of the 81 authors of this edition are from Midwestern American institutions. This fourth edition has 1064 pages, with 43 chapters organized into four parts: I. Adult Syndromes (17 chapters), II. Child Psychiatry (5 chapters), III. Symptom Clusters (6 chapters), and IV. Special Areas (15 chapters). Diagnosis largely follows DSM-5 criteria. For a complex, multiauthored product, there is substantial uniformity of organization and referencing, which is extensive. Topics addressed in considerable detail include those expected of a medically oriented text, such as neuroimaging, genetics, and psychopharmacology, as well as consideration of therapeutic brain stimulation and psychosurgery. An interesting discussion addresses fi ndings from basic neuroscience from the perspective of potential therapeutic innovations, and there are useful summaries of psychometric rating scales and of normal laboratory testing values and typical serum concentrations of psychotropic drugs. Forensic psychiatry is covered, and there is a single chapter on psychological treatments, based heavily on behavioral and cognitive methods. A particularly clinically and educationally useful section considers symptom clusters or syndromes rather than “disorders” in the somewhat narrower DSM tradition. A unique chapter presents brief biographical sketches of noteworthy historical fi gures in psychiatry and neuroscience—ranging from ancients, through 19th and 20th cen- tury leaders, to living neuroscientists and pharmacologists. Overall, this somewhat enlarged volume very eff ectively continues the valuable tradition started by Drs. Winokur and Clayton in 1986, and ably continued by Drs. Fatemi and Clayton. Th e fourth edition continues as a leading and novel textbook of psy- chiatry with a strong neuromedical orientation. It can be highly recommended for students, trainees, and professionals working in this complex and constantly evolving fi eld. Ross J. Baldessarini, MD Professor of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts vii Pref ace I t has been 8 years since the last edition of T he Medical Basis of Psychiatry was published. The third edition of the book was quite successful in terms of readership and received overwhelmingly positive reviews from the scientifi c community. As numer- ous changes have occurred in the fi eld of psychiatry including advances in neuroscience of the brain, genetics, pharmacology, and etiology of brain disorders, it was deemed necessary to update the book again to collect all of the newest information for clinicians and students. All chapters have been updated and some new topics have also been added such as a discussion of neuromodulation and rating scales in psychiatry. Additionally, details about several new medications introduced since 2008 have been added to the book. We are grateful to all of the chapter authors who have updated the book. We are hopeful that this edition meets with the approval of the readership. Minneapolis, MN, USA S. Hossein Fatemi, M.D., Ph.D. Pasadena, CA, USA Paula J. Clayton, M.D. ix
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