The Medical Basis of Psychiatry

1062 Pages·2016·6.78 MB·English

by  S. Hossein Fatemi

S. Hossein Fatemi
Paula J. Clayton
Editors
The Medical Basis
of Psychiatry
Fourth Edition
123
The Medical Basis of Psychiatry

The Medical Basis of Psychiatry

Fourth Edition
Edited by
S. Hossein Fatemi, M.D., Ph.D.
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Paula J. Clayton, M.D.
Formerly of, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Editors
S. Hossein Fatemi, M.D., Ph.D., FACPsych Paula J. Clayton, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Professor Emerita,
University of Minnesota School of Medicine University of Minnesota School of Medicine,
420 Delaware St SE, MMC 392 University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Minneapolis , MN 55455 , USA Pasadena, CA 91103 , USA
ISBN 978-1-4939-2527-8 ISBN 978-1-4939-2528-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2528-5
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015932494
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of
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Printed on acid-free paper
Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To George Winokur
S.H.F. and P.J.C.
To my father, S. Mehdi Fatemi, and to my family, S. Ali Fatemi, M.D., Naheed Fatemi,
Parvin Fatemi, S. Mohammad Fatemi, Neelufaar Fatemi, Maryam Jalali-Mousavi, Ph.D.,
and last but not least, my mother, Fatemeh Parsa Moghaddam, whose love and support have
enabled me to complete this work, and to my fi rst teacher in psychiatry, Deborah Gould, M.D.
S.H.F.
To my children, who have tolerated my passion for work and psychiatry: Clarissa Beth
Weirick, Matthew Charles Clayton, and Andrew Curtis Clayton, to George and his lovely
family and to all those at Washington University Department of Psychiatry who taught me
and inspired me.
P.J.C.

Foreword
T his fourth edition of a classic American textbook of neuromedically oriented psychiatry continues an important tradition
refl ected in the fi rst edition of 1986 (599 pp) from WB Saunders Press, edited by the late George Winokur, MD, with Professor
Clayton, continued with the second edition of 1994 (603 pp), and the third and fourth editions with Professor S. Hossein Fatemi
as co-editor in 2008 (799 pp) from Humana Press, a division of Springer. The orientation of the book grew out of a descriptive
neuromedical approach to psychiatry that was characteristic of 19th and early 20th century European psychiatry, and largely
lost in psychodynamically dominated mid-20th-century American psychiatry. More specifi cally, it refl ects the interests of a
most notable and unusual department of psychiatry at Washington University in St. Louis led by Professor Eli Robins and his
colleagues, where Dr. Clayton trained, and where Dr. Winokur worked for many years before becoming chairman of psychiatry
at the University of Iowa. The present edition is based at the University of Minnesota and is again edited by Drs. Fatemi and
Clayton. Most of the 81 authors of this edition are from Midwestern American institutions.
This fourth edition has 1064 pages, with 43 chapters organized into four parts: I. Adult Syndromes (17 chapters), II. Child
Psychiatry (5 chapters), III. Symptom Clusters (6 chapters), and IV. Special Areas (15 chapters). Diagnosis largely follows
DSM-5 criteria. For a complex, multiauthored product, there is substantial uniformity of organization and referencing, which
is extensive. Topics addressed in considerable detail include those expected of a medically oriented text, such as neuroimaging,
genetics, and psychopharmacology, as well as consideration of therapeutic brain stimulation and psychosurgery. An interesting
discussion addresses fi ndings from basic neuroscience from the perspective of potential therapeutic innovations, and there are
useful summaries of psychometric rating scales and of normal laboratory testing values and typical serum concentrations of
psychotropic drugs. Forensic psychiatry is covered, and there is a single chapter on psychological treatments, based heavily on
behavioral and cognitive methods. A particularly clinically and educationally useful section considers symptom clusters or
syndromes rather than “disorders” in the somewhat narrower DSM tradition. A unique chapter presents brief biographical
sketches of noteworthy historical fi gures in psychiatry and neuroscience—ranging from ancients, through 19th and 20th cen-
tury leaders, to living neuroscientists and pharmacologists.
Overall, this somewhat enlarged volume very eff ectively continues the valuable tradition started by Drs. Winokur and Clayton
in 1986, and ably continued by Drs. Fatemi and Clayton. Th e fourth edition continues as a leading and novel textbook of psy-
chiatry with a strong neuromedical orientation. It can be highly recommended for students, trainees, and professionals working
in this complex and constantly evolving fi eld.
Ross J. Baldessarini, MD
Professor of Psychiatry
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
vii

Pref ace
I t has been 8 years since the last edition of T he Medical Basis of Psychiatry was published. The third edition of the book was
quite successful in terms of readership and received overwhelmingly positive reviews from the scientifi c community. As numer-
ous changes have occurred in the fi eld of psychiatry including advances in neuroscience of the brain, genetics, pharmacology,
and etiology of brain disorders, it was deemed necessary to update the book again to collect all of the newest information for
clinicians and students. All chapters have been updated and some new topics have also been added such as a discussion of
neuromodulation and rating scales in psychiatry. Additionally, details about several new medications introduced since 2008
have been added to the book. We are grateful to all of the chapter authors who have updated the book. We are hopeful that this
edition meets with the approval of the readership.
Minneapolis, MN, USA S. Hossein Fatemi, M.D., Ph.D.
Pasadena, CA, USA Paula J. Clayton, M.D.
ix