The Making of Western Jewry, 1600–1819 PDF
Preview The Making of Western Jewry, 1600–1819
The Making of Western Jewry, 1600–1819 Also by Lionel Kochan ACTON ON HISTORY BEYOND THE GRAVEN IMAGE THE JEW AND HIS HISTORY THE JEWISH RENAISSANCE AND SOME OF ITS DISCONTENTS JEWS, IDOLS AND MESSIAHS THE JEWS IN SOVIET RUSSIA SINCE 1917 (editor) THE MAKING OF MODERN RUSSIA POGROM, NOVEMBER 10, 1938 RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION The Making of Western Jewry, 1600–1819 Lionel Kochan © Lionel Kochan 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 978-0-333-62597-2 All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2004 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-0-230-50701-2 ISBN 978-0-230-80002-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230800021 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kochan,Lionel. The Making of Western Jewry,1600–1819 / by Lionel Kochan p.cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. 1.Jews–Europe,Western–History–17th century.2.Jews–Europe, Western–History–18th century.I.Title DS135.E82K63 2004 940(cid:2).04924—dc22 2004044689 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 To my dear wife, as ever, for ever This page intentionally left blank Contents Glossary ix Abbreviations x Introduction 1 1 Central Europe in Peace and War, 1600–48 9 2 ‘A Little Jerusalem’ and ‘A Great Jerusalem’ 28 3 On French Soil 44 4 Resettlement in London 73 5 At Peace in the Post-War World 87 6 Prague and Bohemia: From Recovery to Reduction 112 7 Early Decades in Brandenburg-Prussia: The Last Resettlement 128 8 Amsterdam: From Turmoil to Decline 140 9 From London to the Provinces 150 10 Expulsion from Prague (1745–8) 167 11 The Old and the New Kehillah 184 12 ‘Jerusalem’ in Berlin 199 13 On the Eve, in France 218 14 The Rabbi and the Emperor: Ezekiel Landau and Joseph II 231 15 Revolution and War, 1789–1805 250 16 Beyond the Rhine and Over the Alps 267 17 Another Rabbi, Another Emperor: David Sinzheim and Napoleon 275 18 From Paris to Vienna 289 vii viii Contents 19 Epilogue: 1819 300 Notes 309 Bibliography 355 Index 379 Glossary Bet(h) Din (pl. Batei Din) court of law Bet(h) Hamidrash house of study Cedaka charity box or funds in Sephardi congregations Halakhah (adj: Halakhic) From Heb. halakh (‘go’, ‘walk’), used of legal portions of Talmud and later rabbinic literature Haskalah Hebrew term for the Jewish enlightenment movement of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries Havdalah ceremony to mark end of the Sabbath day and beginning of working week heder colloquial term for Jewish elementary school herem sentence of expulsion from a community for longer or shorter periods and of varying degrees of severity herem ha-yishuv prohibition against admittance of non-members to a community Hevra(h) Kadischa literally ‘holy society’; term used to designate burial society which often had wider welfare activities Judengasse ‘street of the Jews’ Klaus private ‘house of study’ maskil (pl. maskilim) adherent of the Haskalah (q.v.) Midrash elaborations of new meanings to scripture, often of legendary or ethical character Mishnah codification of Halakhah (q.v.) dating from the early third century mohel circumciser Oral Law authoritative interpretation of the Written Law (Pentateuch) and regarded as given to Moses at Sinai schulklopper communal official deputed to summon worshippers to prayer Shulhan Arukh sixteenth-century authoritative code of Jewish law takkanah (pl. takkanot) communal regulation or statute ix
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