The Making of Crusading Heroes and Villains: Engaging the Crusades, Volume Four

147 Pages·2020·9.957 MB·English

by  Mike Horswell (editor), Kristin Skottki (editor)

The Making of Crusading Heroes
and Villains
Engaging the Crusades is a series of volumes which offer windows into
a newly emerging field of historical study: the memory and legacy of the
crusades. Together these volumes examine the reasons behind the enduring
resonance of the crusades and present the memory of crusading in the mod-
ern period as a productive, exciting, and much needed area of investigation.
This new volume explores the ways in which significant crusading fig-
ures have been employed as heroes and villains, and by whom. Each chapter
analyses a case study relating to a key historical figure including the First
Crusader Tancred; ‘villains’Reynald of Châtillon and Conrad of Montferrat;
the oft-overlooked Queen Melisende of Jerusalem; the entangled memories
of Richard ‘the Lionheart’ and Saladin; and the appropriation of St Louis
IX by the British. Through fresh approaches, such as a new translation of
the inscriptions on the wreath laid on Saladin’s tomb by Kaiser Wilhelm
II, this book represents a significant cutting-edge intervention in thinking
about memory, crusader medievalism, and the processes of making heroes
and villains.
The Making of Crusading Heroes and Villains is the perfect tool for
scholars and students of the crusades, and for historians concerned with the
development of reputations and memory.
Mike Horswell completed his PhD at Royal Holloway, University of
London, and is the author of The Rise and Fall of British Crusader
Medievalism, c. 1825–1945 (2018). He is a Fellow of the Royal Historical
Society and is currently researching, teaching, and writing about the mem-
ory and use of the crusades in the modern era.
Kristin Skottki is Junior Professor of Medieval History at the University
of Bayreuth. She has published on the medieval and modern historiography
of the First Crusade, as in her monograph Christen, Muslime und der Erste
Kreuzzug (2015). Her current research focuses on late medieval piety and
medievalism.
ENGAGING THE
CRUSADES
THE MEMORY AND LEGACY OF THE CRUSADES
SERIES EDITORS
JONATHAN PHILLIPS AND MIKE HORSWELL
Engaging the Crusades
The Memory and Legacy of Crusading
Engaging the Crusades is a series of volumes which offer initial windows
into the ways in which the crusades have been used in the last two centuries;
demonstrating that the memory of the crusades is an important and emerg-
ing subject. Together these studies suggest that the memory of the crusades,
in the modern period, is a productive, exciting, and much needed area of
investigation.
Series Editors: Jonathan Phillips and Mike Horswell, Royal Holloway,
University of London, UK.
In this series:
Perceptions of the Crusades from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First
Century
Engaging the Crusades, Volume One
Edited by Jonathan Phillips and Mike Horswell
The Crusades in the Modern World
Engaging the Crusades, Volume Two
Edited by Mike Horswell and Akil N. Awan
Controversial Histories – Current Views on the Crusades
Engaging the Crusades, Volume Three
Edited by Felix Hinz and Johannes Meyer-Hamme
The Making of Crusading Heroes and Villains
Engaging the Crusades, Volume Four
Edited by Mike Horswell and Kristin Skottki
For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge
.com/Engaging-the-Crusades/book-series/ETC

The Making of
Crusading Heroes and
Villains
Engaging the Crusades,
Volume Four
Edited by Mike Horswell and
Kristin Skottki
First published 2021
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa
business
© 2021 selection and editorial matter, Mike Horswell and Kristin Skottki;
individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Mike Horswell and Kristin Skottki to be identified as the
authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual
chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Horswell, Mike, editor. | Skottki, Kristin, 1981-editor.

Title: The making of crusading heroes and villains /

edited by Mike Horswell and Kristin Skottki.

Description: New York: Routledge, 2020. |

Series: Engaging the Crusades; vol 4 | Includes bibliographical

references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020014172 | ISBN 9780367264444 (v. 4; hardback) |

ISBN 9780429293283 (v. 4; ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Crusades–Biography.

Classification: LCC D156 .M34 2020 | DDC 909.07–dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020014172

ISBN: 978-0-367-26444-4 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-367-53530-8 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-0-429-29328-3 (ebk)

Typeset in Times New Roman

by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India
Contents

List of figures ix
Acknowledgements x
Abbreviations xi
List of contributors xii
Introduction: making heroes and villains 1
MIKE HORSWELL AND KRISTIN SKOTTKI
1 ‘Most Excellent and Brave of Heart’: Tancred’s making
and unmaking in the sources 7
FRANCESCA PETRIZZO
2 The memorialisation of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem:
from the medieval to the modern 25
DANIELLE E.A. PARK
3 Oppressor, martyr, and Hollywood villain: Reynald of
Châtillon and the representation of crusading violence 42
JOHN D. COTTS
4 ‘The Evil Genius of the Third Crusade’: Conrad of
Montferrat, stereotype and scapegoat 60
MARIANNE MCLEOD GILCHRIST
5 Saladin and Richard the Lionheart: entangled memories 75
MIKE HORSWELL
viii Contents
6 Saint Louis: a crusader king and hero for Victorian and

First World War Britain and Ireland 95

ELIZABETH SIBERRY

7 The sultan, the Kaiser, the colonel, and the purloined wreath 112

CAROLE HILLENBRAND
Index 125
Figures

5.1 Figures believed to be Richard and Saladin jousting,

Luttrell Psalter, British Library, BL Add MS 42130, fol.

82, c. 1325–1335 79

5.2 Gustave Doré, ‘Richard Cœur De Lion A La Bataille

D’Arsur’ in Joseph François Michaud, Histoire des

Croisades, vol. 1 (Paris, 1877), pp. 368–69 80

5.3 Cameo brooch from c. 1850s featuring the combat of

Richard and Saladin from Abraham Cooper’s 1828 painting 81

6.1 St Louis in a window designed by Louis Davis 103

6.2 Memorial window, All Saints, Darfield 105

7.1 Exterior of Saladin’s mausoleum, Damascus. Image by Jan

Smith 113

7.2 Saladin’s coffins, Damascus 114

7.3 Plaque on Saladin’s coffin, Damascus 115

7.4 The Kaiser’s wreath, Imperial War Museum London,

EPH 4338 117

7.5 The Kaiser’s wreath, Imperial War Museum 118

7.6 Imperial German eagle employed until 1918 119

7.7 Detail of Arabic inscription below the Kaiser’s monogram,

from Figure 7.4 120

7.8 Detail of Arabic quotation at the bottom of the wreath,

from Figure 7.4 121