The Maeander Valley: A Historical Geography from Antiquity to Byzantium (Greek Culture in the Roman World)

414 Pages·2011·0.33 MB·English

by  Peter Thonemann

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TheMaeanderValley
This is a study of the long-term historical geography of Asia Minor,
from the fourth century bc to the thirteenth century ad. Using an
astonishing breadth of sources, ranging from Byzantine monastic
archives to Latin poetic texts, ancient land records to hagiographic
biographies, Peter Thonemann reveals the complex and fascinating
interplay between the natural environment and human activities in
the Maeander valley. Both a large-scale regional history and a pro-
foundmeditationontheroleplayedbygeographyinhumanhistory,
this book is an essential contribution to the history of the Eastern
MediterraneaninGraeco-RomanantiquityandtheByzantineMiddle
Ages.
peter thonemann teaches ancient history at Wadham College,
OxfordUniversity.Heisco-authorofthewidelyacclaimedfirstvolume
of the Penguin History of Europe, The Birth of Classical Europe: A
History From Troy to Augustine (with Simon Price). The Maeander
ValleywasawardedtheHellenicFoundation’s2006Awardforthebest
ancient/classical thesis in Hellenic Studies, and Oxford University’s
ConingtonPrizefor2009.
greek culture in the roman world
Editors
SusanE.Alcock
BrownUniversity
Jas´Elsner
CorpusChristiCollege,Oxford
SimonGoldhill
UniversityofCambridge
TheGreekcultureoftheRomanEmpireoffersarichfieldofstudy.Extraordinaryinsights
canbegainedintoprocessesofmulticulturalcontactandexchange,politicalandideolog-
icalconflict,andthecreativityofachanging,polyglotempire.Duringthisperiod,many
fundamentalelementsofWesternsocietywerebeingsetinplace:fromtheriseofChris-
tianity,toaninfluentialsystemofeducation,tolong-livedartisticcanons.Thisseriesisthe
firsttofocusontheresponseofGreekculturetoitsRomanimperialsettingasasignificant
phenomenoninitsownright.Tothisend,itwillpublishoriginalandinnovativeresearchin
theart,archaeology,epigraphy,history,philosophy,religion,andliteratureoftheempire,
withanemphasisonGreekmaterial.
Titlesinseries:
AthleticsandLiteratureintheRomanEmpire jasonko¨nig
DescribingGreece:LandscapeandLiteratureinthePeriegesisof
Pausanias williamhutton
ReligiousIdentityinLateAntiquity:Greeks,JewsandChristiansin
Antioch isabellasandwell
HellenisminByzantium:TheTransformationsofGreekIdentityandthe
ReceptionoftheClassicalTradition anthonykaldellis
TheMakingofRomanIndia grantparker
Philostratus Editedbyewenbowieandjas´ elsner
ThePoliticsofMunificenceintheRomanEmpire:Citizens,ElitesandBenefactors
inAsiaMinor arjanzuiderhoek
SaintsandChurchSpacesintheLateAntiqueMediterranean:Architecture,Cult,
andCommunity annmarieyasin
GalenandtheWorldofKnowledge
Editedbychristophergill,timwhitmarshandjohnwilkins
LocalKnowledgeandMicroidentitiesintheImperialGreekWorld
Editedbytimwhitmarsh
HomerBetweenHistoryandFictioninImperial
GreekLiterature laurencekim
FacingtheGods:EpiphanyandRepresentationinGraeco-RomanArt,Literature
andReligion verityplatt
NarrativeandIdentityintheAncientGreekNovel
timwhitmarsh
TheMaeanderValley:AHistoricalGeographyfromAntiquityto
Byzantium peterthonemann
The Maeander Valley
A Historical Geography From
Antiquity to Byzantium
peter thonemann
cambridgeuniversitypress
Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,
Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Tokyo,MexicoCity
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PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork
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Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107006881
(cid:2)c PeterThonemann2011
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2011
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata
Thonemann,Peter.
TheMaeanderValley:ahistoricalgeographyfromantiquitytoByzantium/PeterThonemann.
p. cm.–(GreekcultureintheRomanworld)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-107-00688-1(hardback)
1.Bu¨yu¨kMenderesRiverValley(Turkey)–Historicalgeography. 2.Bu¨yu¨kMenderesRiver
Valley(Turkey)–History–To1500. 3.Citiesandtowns,Ancient–Turkey–Bu¨yu¨kMenderes
RiverValley–History. I.Title.
DS156.B85T56 2011
956.2(cid:3)01–dc23 2011023033
ISBN978-1-107-00688-1Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor
accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto
inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch
websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
Contents
Listofmapsandfigures [pagevi]
Preface [xiii]
Acknowledgements [xvii]
Listofabbreviations [xviii]
1 Thevalley [1]
2 Hydrographicheroes [50]
3 ThenatureofRomanApamea [99]
4 ThefortressatEumenea [130]
5 Thepastoraleconomy [178]
6 ThenobilityofMtCadmus [203]
7 Theruraleconomy [242]
8 ThebountyoftheMaeander [295]
Epilogue [339]
Bibliography [344]
Index [378]
v
Maps and Figures
Unlessotherwiseindicated,allmapsandfigures(cid:2)c theauthor.
Maps
1 TheMaeandervalley [pagexxiv]
2 ThelowerMaeandervalleyinthethirteenthcenturyad [6]
3 Citiesmintingcoinswithmaeanderpatterns(fourthcenturybcto
firstcenturyad)[ 34]
4 SouthernPhrygia [51]
5 DinarandtheDombayovası [57]
6 Apamea-CelaenaeandthesourcesoftheMaeander;basedon
Hirschfeld1875 [68]
7 ApameaandthecommerceofwesternAsiaMinor [102]
8 EumeneaandtheupperMaeandervalley;basedonDrew-Bear1978,
Planche40 [134]
9 Cistophoricmints,c.181–133bc [171]
10 ThecitiesofMtCadmus;basedonLaCarieII,PlancheLXV [204]
11 TheestateofAndronikosDoukasinthelowerMaeandervalley;based
onK.Lyncker’smapofsouthernIonia(1908–9)inPhilippson1936
[260]
12 ThePyrgosestateintheearlythirteenthcenturyad;basedonLyncker
[265]
13 TheMaeanderdelta;basedonLyncker [296]
Figures
1.1 ThegorgeoftheTabakhaneDeresiandtheplateauof
Tralles-Andronicopolis(Photo:Se´bah-Joaillier,1900;Courtesyof
DeutschesArcha¨ologischesInstitut,AbteilungIstanbul(10.449))
[2]
vi 1.2 TheMaeanderrivernearTralles [3]
Listofmapsandfigures vii
1.3 ThesiteofAntiochontheMaeander(Photo(cid:2)C NewYork
UniversityExcavationsatAphrodisias) [8]
1.4 ThesiteofNysa [11]
1.5 TheMaeandervalleyfromSultanhisar [12]
1.6 TheMaeanderplainnearKoc¸arlı [13]
1.7 ThesiteofPriene(Photo:W.Schiele,1982;CourtesyofDeutsches
Archa¨ologischesInstitut,AbteilungIstanbul(R20.632)) [14]
1.8 ThegorgeoftheTabakhaneDeresi,lookingsouthtowardsthe
moderncityofAydın(Photo:Se´bah-Joaillier,1900;Courtesyof
DeutschesArcha¨ologischesInstitut,AbteilungIstanbul
(10.453)) [17]
1.9 Antioch,Gallienus(Æ);thebridgeovertheMaeanderatAntioch,
withstorkandrecliningriver-god(SNGVonAulock2430=BM
1979–1–1–1839) [26]
1.10 Naulochon,c.370–350bc(Æ);helmetedAthena/dolphinin
maeandercircle(BMCIonia202,no.1) [35]
1.11 Priene,c.350–340bc(AR);helmetedAthena/tridentinmaeander
circle(BMCIonia229,no.5) [36]
1.12 Magnesia,c.360–350bc(AR);helmetedAthena/tridentin
maeandercircle(SNGVonAulock2032) [36]
1.13 Magnesia,c.210–200bc(AR);mountedwarrior/buttingzebuin
maeandercircle(BM19217–14–1) [37]
1.14 Priene,perhapssecondcenturybc(AR);helmetedAthena
facing/NikecrowningAthenopolisinmaeandercircle(BM1991
1–30–8;Regling1927:30–1,no.27) [37]
1.15 Magnesia,c.188–170bc(AR);Heracles/seatedZeus,maeander
patternbelow(Price1991:2060) [38]
1.16 Magnesia,c.297–281bc(AR);AlexandertheGreat/seatedAthena,
maeanderpatterntol.(BME.H.291n.18;Thompson1968:type
106) [39]
1.17 Magnesia,c.160–140bc(AR);Artemis/Apolloinwreath,maeander
patternbelow(BMCIonia162,no.36) [39]
1.18 Magnesia,88–85bc(Æ);Artemis/stagdrinkingfrommaeanderline
(CNGElectronicAuction170[2007]89) [39]
1.19 Tralles,c.170–160bc(AR);cistamysticainivywreath/bow-case
andcoiledserpents,maeanderlinetor.(BMCLydia326,no.4;
KleinerandNoe1977:61–2) [41]
1.20 Antioch,c.167–133bc(AR);Apollo/zeburecliningl.onmaeander
line(BMCCaria14,no.2) [42]
viii Listofmapsandfigures
1.21 Antioch,c.167–133bc(AR);Apollo/zebustandingl.inmaeander
circle(Lanz125[2005]382) [43]
1.22 Antioch,c.167–133bc(AR);Zeus/eagleinmaeandercircle(BM
1976–9–22–2) [43]
1.23 Antioch,c.167–133bc(AR);Zeus/eagleinmaeandercircle(BM
1987–6–8–1) [43]
1.24 Antioch,second-firstcenturybc(Æ);Apollo/eagleonmaeander
(BMCCaria15,no.9) [44]
1.25 Magnesia,c.300bc(Æ);mountedwarrior/zebuwalkingr.on
maeanderline(BMCIonia163,no.40) [45]
1.26 Apamea,firstcenturybc(Æ);Athena/eagleonmaeander,pileiof
Dioscuritol.andr.(BMCPhrygia78,no.52) [48]
1.27 Apamea,firstcenturybc(Æ);city-goddess/Marsyasonmaeander
(BMCPhrygia78,no.49) [48]
2.1 Synnada,firstcenturybc(Æ);helmetedbust/owlonamphora(BM
1920–5–16–92) [56]
2.2 Synnada,firstcenturybc(AR);cistamysticainivywreath/bow-case
andcoiledserpents,owlonamphorator.(BMCPhrygia392,
no.1) [56]
2.3 TheDombayovası [58]
2.4 ReedsinlakeAulutrene [59]
2.5 ThespringsatEldere [60]
2.6 Apamea,SeptimiusSeverus(Æ);Athenawithpipes,lookingr.into
lakeAulutrene;Marsyasbehindrocksatl.(BMCPhrygia97,no.
164) [64]
2.7 Hierapolistheatrefrieze;Apollowithlyre;Athenawithpipes,
lookingr.towardsapersonificationoftheMaeander [65]
2.8 Apamea,Gordian(Æ);ArtemisEphesia,surroundedby
personificationsofthefourriversofApamea(SNGVonAulock
3508;RPCvii.1699) [69]
2.9 ThesourcesoftheMaeander,lookingsouth-westfromthevillageof
Buluc¸ Alanı [71]
2.10 TheLaugherandtheWeeper [72]
2.11 ThesourceoftheriverMarsyas(Photo:GertrudeBell,1907;
courtesyoftheGertrudeBellPhotographicArchive,Newcastle
University) [73]
2.12 TheyaylaattheOrgassprings [74]
2.13 ThemilkofEndymion:thetravertinesatHierapolis(Photo:
GertrudeBell,1907;courtesyoftheGertrudeBellPhotographic
Archive,NewcastleUniversity) [76]