f THE LOVE O GOD Library of Jewish Ideas Cosponsored by the Tikvah Fund The series presents engaging and authoritative treatments of core Jewish concepts in a form appealing to general readers who are curious about Jewish treatments of key areas of human thought and experience. f THE LOVE O GOD Divine Gift, Human Gratitude, and Mutual Faithfulness in Judaism J O N D. L E V E N S O N Pri nc eton U n i v e r si t y Pre s s Princeton and Oxford Copyright © 2016 by Princeton University Press Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to Permissions, Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu Jacket art: Modified detail of a mosaic in the Synagogue of Enschede. Original photo courtesy of Kleuske / Wikimedia Commons All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Levenson, Jon Douglas, author. The love of God : divine gift, human gratitude, and mutual faithfulness in Judaism / Jon D. Levenson. pages cm. — (Library of Jewish ideas) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-16429-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. God (Judaism)— Love. I. Title. BM610.L45 2015 296.3'112—dc23 2015017872 British Library Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available Publication of this book has been aided by the Tikvah Fund This book has been composed in Minion Pro and Helvetica Printed on acid- free paper. ∞ Printed in the United States of America 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 For Beverly, Proverbs 18:22 He used to say: Beloved is humanity, for they were created in the image [of God]. Even greater is the love in that it is made known to them that they were created in the image [of God], as it is said, “For in the image of God He made humanity.” (Gen 9:6) Beloved are Israel, for they have been called the children of God. Even greater is the love in that it is made known to them that they have been called the children of God, as it is said, “You are the children of the Lord your God.” (Deut 14:1) Beloved are Israel, for a precious instrument has been given to them. Even greater is the love in that it is made known to them that the precious instrument through which the world was created has been given to them, as it is said, “For I have given you good instruction; / Do not forsake My Torah.” (Prov 4:2) Mishnah1 • • Contents • • A Note on Transliteration from Hebrew xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xix Abbreviations xxi ONE A Covenantal Love 1 TWO Heart, Soul, and Might 59 THREE The Once and Future Romance 90 FOUR The Consummation of the Spiritual Life 143 FIVE “Because He has sold Himself to us with the Torah” 180 Notes 199 Index of Primary Sources 227 Index of Modern Authors 233
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