The Lost Generation：The Rustication of China’s Educated Youth (1968-1980)

577 Pages·2013·46.876 MB·English

by  Michel Bonnin

Copyright 2013. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyrightlaw.
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AN: 2171667 ; Bonnin, Michel, Horko, Krystyna.; The Lost Generation : The Rustication of China's
Educated Youth (1968-1980)
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AN: 2171667 ; Bonnin, Michel, Horko, Krystyna.; The Lost Generation : The Rustication of China's
Educated Youth (1968-1980)
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AN: 2171667 ; Bonnin, Michel, Horko, Krystyna.; The Lost Generation : The Rustication of China's
Educated Youth (1968-1980)
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pt The Lost Generation: The Rustication of
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AN: 2171667 ; Bonnin, Michel, Horko, Krystyna.; The Lost Generation : The Rustication of China's
Educated Youth (1968-1980)
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o Shu Ting, “Cry of a Generation,” 1980
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 11/9/2019 8:11 PM via TOWSON UNIVERSITY
AN: 2171667 ; Bonnin, Michel, Horko, Krystyna.; The Lost Generation : The Rustication of China's
Educated Youth (1968-1980)
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AN: 2171667 ; Bonnin, Michel, Horko, Krystyna.; The Lost Generation : The Rustication of China's
Educated Youth (1968-1980)
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a
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t INTRODUCTION
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fa Preface.................................................................................................................xiii

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ce Introduction ........................................................................................................xvii
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r, Illustrations ..........................................................................................................xli
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p PART ONE MOTIVATIONS
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m Chapter 1. Ideological Motives ...........................................................................3
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on Training Successors to the Revolution .............................................................3
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mi Reeducating Young Intellectuals ......................................................................7
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t Reducing the “Three Great Differences” ........................................................13
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ony Reining in the Red Guards ..............................................................................19
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onin Reinforcing Mao’s “Charismatic” Power .........................................................22
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Ut Developing the Countryside and the Border Regions ....................................25
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e d. The Solution to Urban Unemployment and Overpopulation ...........................32
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Educated Youth (1968-1980)
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viii | CONTENTS
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aw PART TWO THE LIFE AND DEATH OF THE XIAXIANG
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ht MOVEMENT: POLICY CHANGES
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op Chapter 4. The Managers and the Ideologue: The Prelude and
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l Interlude of the Cultural Revolution (1955–1966) .......................49
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c
i
pl Modest Beginnings .........................................................................................51
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a

or Acceleration after the Failure of the Great Leap Forward ..............................53

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U. Institutionalization and Long-term Planning...................................................56

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nd Contradictions and Reluctance .......................................................................60
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e The Cultural Revolution:
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mi An End to Departures and Spontaneous Returns ............................................63
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s Chapter 5. The Mass Movement (1968–1976) ..................................................65
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fa A Vigorous Start (1968–1969) .........................................................................65

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ce Transforming the Red Guards into Educated Youths ..........................65
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, Massive Mobilization ...........................................................................70
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is Those Who Left and Those Who Stayed Behind .................................74
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p High on Fervor, Low on Organization .................................................78
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m The Lowest Ebb (1970–1972) ..........................................................................81
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n Reform and Relaunch of the Movement (1973–1976) .....................................88
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s Li Qinglin’s Letter and the National Conference .................................88
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pe From Romanticism to Realism:

ut The Zhuzhou Model and Improvements in Living Conditions ............93
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sswi Xiaxiang and the Two-line Struggle:
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Kony Models Who Had Taken Root ............................................................107
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onin Educated Youth in the Fight for Succession.......................................114
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es n 1977: Hua Guofeng’s Vain Desire to Continue ..............................................123
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C. 1978: From Uncertainty to a Limited Reassertion of the Policy ...................127
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01re Popular Resistance and Government Obstinacy ............................................139
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CONTENTS | ix
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a The Big Xishuangbanna Strike and the “Return Wind” ....................144
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gh Tension and Confl ict in Shanghai and Elsewhere ..............................149
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p Government Strategy in 1979.............................................................154
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le Implementation at the provincial level and reassertion of
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ic the policy defi ned at the national conference ...............................154
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a Political, administrative and police strategy in response to

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o various forms of social resistance.................................................158
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S
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U Re-launch of “down-to-the countryside” propaganda .................161
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un 1980: The End ................................................................................................170

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t Returns and Employment Problems (1979–1980) .........................................178
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er The Return of Examinations:
p

es A Saving Grace for Some Zhiqing ................................................................184
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f Chapter 7. The Shadow of Xiaxiang in the 1980s ..........................................187

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xc Disappearance of the “Zhiqing Bureau” and
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r, Closure of Accounts .......................................................................................188
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li Keeping the “Little Fish Abandoned on the Shore” in Place ........................191
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A Special Case: The Shanghai Zhiqing in Xinjiang ..........................192
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m Placing Zhiqing Married to Peasants and Sick Zhiqing ...................203
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The Case of Zhiqing Who Obtained Nonagricultural
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si Work in the Countryside ...................................................................204
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rm A New Rustication Campaign? .....................................................................206
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ut The Seniority Issue ........................................................................................210
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Por PART THREE FIRSTHAND EXPERIENCE
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heed Diffi culties in Adapting to Rural Conditions .................................................236
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