The Logic of Multiparty Systems

431 Pages·1987·20.192 MB·English

by  Manfred J. Holler (auth.), Prof. Dr. Manfred J. Holler (eds.)

THE LOGIC OF MULTIPARTY SYSTEMS
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN ECONOMICS AND
ECONOMETRICS
Volume 17
1. Harder T: Introduction to Mathematical Models in Market and Opinion Research With
Practical Applications, Computing Procedures, and Estimates of Computing Require
ments. Translated from the German by P.H. Friedlander and E.H. Friedlander. 1969.
2. Heesterman ARG: Forecasting Models for National Economic Planning. 1972.
3. Heesterman ARG: Allocation Models and their Use in Economic Planning. 1971.
4. Durdag M: Some Problems of Development Financing. A Case Study of the Turkish
First Five-Year Plan, 1963-1967. 1973.
5. Blin JM: Patterns and Configurations in Economic Science. A Study of Social Decision
Processes. 1973.
6. Merkies AHQM: Selection of Models by Forecasting Intervals. Translated from the
Dutch by M. van Holten-De Wolff. 1973.
7. Bos HC, Sanders M and Secchi C: Private Foreign Investment in Developing Coun
tries. A Quantitative Study on the Evaluation of its Macro-Economic Impact. 1974.
8. Frisch R: Economic Planning Studies Selected and Introduced by Frank Long. Preface
by Jan Tinbergen. 1976.
9. Gupta KL: Foreign Capital, Savings and Growth. An International Crosssection Study.
1983.
10 Bochove CA van: Imports and Economic Growth. 1982.
11. Bjerkholt 0, Offerdal E (eds.): Macroeconomic Prospects for a Small Oil Exporting
Country. 1985.
12. Weiserbs D (ed.): Industrial Investment in Europe: Economic Theory and Measure
ment. 1985.
13. Graf von der Schulenburg J-M, Skogh G (eds.): Law and Economics & The Economics
of Legal Regulation. 1986.
14. Svetozar Pejovich (ed.): Socialism: Institutional, Philosophical and Economic Issues.
1987.
15. Neudecker H, Heijmans RDH (eds.): The Practice of Econometrics. 1987.
16. Steinherr A, Weiserbs D (eds.): Employment and Growth: Issues for the 1980s. 1987.
17. Holler MJ (ed.): The Logic of Multiparty Systems. 1987.
The Logic of Multiparty
Systems
edited by
Manfred J. Holler
(University of Aarhus, Denmark)
1987 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS _~
DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LANCASTER , ..,
Distributors
for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers. P.O. Box 358.
Accord Station. Hingham. MA 02018-0358. USA
for the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers. MTP Press Limited.
Falcon House. Queen Square. Lancaster LAI lRN. UK
for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group. Distribution Center.
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
The Logic of multiparty systems.
(International studies in economics and econometrics ;
17)
Includes index.
1. Voting. 2. Political parties. 3. Social choice.
4. Democracy. 5. Political stability. I. Holler,
Manfred Joseph, 1946- • II. Series: International
studies in economics and econometrics; v. 17.
JF1001.L63 1987 324.2'04 87-3862
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8114-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-3607-2
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-3607-2
Copyright
© 1987 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1987
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publishers,
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 163. 3300 AD Dordrecht.
The Netherlands.
CONTENTS
Acknowledgement 8
Authors and Addraacs 9
1. Introduction
Manfred J. Holler, The Logic of Multiparty Systems: An Overview of
Theoretical and Empirical Problems and Results. 13
2. Efficiency and Stability Concepts in Multiparty Voting
Norman &hofield, Bargaining in Weighted Majority Voting Games, With
an Application to Portfolio Distributions. 51
Elaine Bennett, Nash Bargaining Solutions of Multiparty Bargaining
Problems. 67
Taradas Bandyhyopadhyay, Manipulation of Voting Mechanisms. 79
Bjorn Erik Rasch, Manipulation in a Multiparty Parliament: The Case of
the Norwegian Storting. 97
Friedrich Breyer, On the Existence of Political Equilibrium in a
Three-Party System with Plurality Voting. 113
Donald Wittman, Elections with N Voters, M Candidates and
K Issues. 129
3. Multipartism and Political Stability
Norman Schofield and Michael Laver, Bargaining Theory and Cabinet
Stability in European Governments. 137
Jan-Erik Lane and Svante Ersson, Multipartism. 153
G. Bingham Powell, The Competitive Consequences of Polarized
Pluralism. 173
Paul S.A Renaud and Frans AAM. van Winden, On the Importance
of Elections and Ideology for Government Policy in a Multi - Party
System. 191
5
Keith T. Poole and Howard Rosenthal, The Political Economy of
Roll-Call Voting in the "Multi - Party" Congress of the United
States. 209
Nikolaus Werz, Parties and Party Systems in Latin America. 223
David Willis, The Stability of Party Duopoly in Multi-Party Britain. 245
RJ. Johnston, A.B. O'Neill, and PJ. Taylor, The Geography of Party
Support: Comparative Studies in Electoral Stability. 265
4. Electoral System Effects
Geoffrey Roberts, 'Representation of the People': Aspects of the
Relationship between Electoral Systems and Party Systems in the Federal
Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom. 283
Tatu Vanhanen, What Kind of Electoral System for Plural Societies? India
as an Example. 303
Harold D. Clarke, Marianne C. Stewart, and Gary Zuk, Political
Support in Multiparty Canada: 1980 - 84. 317
Lawrence Leduc, Performance of the Electoral System in Recent Canadian
and British Elections: Advancing the Case for Electoral Reform. 341
Michael Laver, The Logic of Plurality Voting in Multi-Party Systems:
Tactical Voting in Liverpool Elections. 359
Kenneth Koford and Linda Heckert, Determinants of the Number of
Legislative Parties: Evidence from Postwar France. 371
5. Problems of and. Solutions to Representation
Markku Laakso, Thresholds for Proportional Representation: Reanalyzed
and Extended. 383
Gisele De Meur and Marjorie Gassner, Problems of Equity in Multiparty
Representational Systems: What We Want and What We Can't. 391
D. Marc Kilgour and Terrence J. Levesque, Party Discipline and the
Power of Parties, Legislators and States. 405
6
Manfred J. Holler, Paradox Proof Decision Rules in Weighted
Voting. 425
Index: 437
7
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This collection of papers was prepared while the editor participated in a
research project on "The Efficiency and Stability of Multiparty Systems"
under the auspices of Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hans Moller, University of
Munich, financed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG/Project
Mo 77/8 - 2). The support is gratefully acknowledged.
The editor wants to thank the contributors to this volume for the
cooperation and the perceptive comments to the introductory chapter. I
am particularly indebted to Geoffrey Roberts and David Willis read an
earlier version of the Introduction. They are not to be held responsible for
my opinions, or for the errors that remain, however, to the extent that this
chapter is free from error and ambiguity they deserve appreciable credit.
Finally, the editor's thanks go to Martin Arnold who prepared the
camera-ready material, to Dr. Walter Naggl and Dr. Robert Koll who
supervised its fmal preparation, and to Finbar Reynolds and Norman
Rosendahl who helped the editor with the language.
8
AUTHORS AND ADDRESSES
Professor Taradas Bandyopadyay, Department of Economics, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.
Professor Elaine Bennett, Economics Department, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, KS 88045, U.S.A.
Prof. Dr. Friedrich Breyer, Department of Economics, FernUniversitiit
Hagen, D - 5800 Hagen, FRG. P.O.Box 940.
Professor Harold Clarke, Department of Political Science, Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061,
U.S.A.
Dr. Gisele De Meur, Faculte de Sciences Sociales, Politiques et Eco
nomiques, Universite Libre, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050
Bruxelles, Belgium.
Dr. Svante Eesson, Department of Political Science, University of Umea,
901 87, Umea, Sweden.
Dr. Marjorie Gassner, Faculte de Sciences Sociales, Politiques et
Eoconomiques, Universite Libre, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050
Bruxelles, Belgium.
Dr. Linda Heckert, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
PA 19106, U.S.A.
Prof. Dr. Manfred J. Holler, Institute of Economics and Statistics,
University of Aarhus, DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Professor R.J. Johnston, Department of Geography, University of
Sheffield, England.
Professor D. Marc Kilgour, School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid
Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada.
Professor Kenneth Koford, Department of Economics, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, U.S.A.
Dr. Markku Laakso, Mustikkatie 23 B 3, 70280 Kuopio 28, Finland.
Professor Jan-Erik Lane, Department of Political Science, University of
Umea, 901 87 Umea, Sweden.
Professor Michael Laver, Department of Political Science and Sociology,
University College, Galway, Ireland.
Professor Lawrence Leduc, Department of Political Science, University of
Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
Professor Terrence J. Levesque, School of Business and Economics,
Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada.
Professor A.B. O'Neill, Centre for Urban and Regional Development
Studies, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, England.
Professor Keith T. Poole, Graduate School of Industrial Administration,
Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A.
Professor G. Bingham Powell, Department of Political Science, University
9
of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A.
Dr. Bj&rn Erik Rasch, Institute of Political Science, University of Oslo,
P.O. Box 1097, 0371 Oslo 3, Norway.
Dr. Paul Renaud, Department of Economics, University of Amsterdam,
Jodenbreetstraat 23, 1011 NH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Dr. Geoffrey K. Roberts, Institute of Science and Technology, University
of Manchester, Manchester, England.
Professor Howard Rosenthal, Graduate School of Industrial Administra
tion, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A.
Professor Norman Schofield, Department of Economics, Washington
University, St.Louis Mo 63130 U.S.A.
Professor Marianne C. Stewart, Department of Political Science, Virginia
Politechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg , VA 24061,
U.S.A.
Professor P.J. Taylor, Department of Geography, University of New
Castle upon Tyne, Newcastle, England.
Professor Tatu Vanhanen, Department of Political Science, University of
Tampere, PL 607,33100 Tampere 10, Finland.
Dr. Nikolaus Werz, Arnold Bergstraesser Institut, Windaustr. 16,
D -7800 Freiburg i.Br., FRG.
David Willis, Institute of European Studies, University of Hull, Hull HU6
7RX, England.
Professor Frans van Winden, Department of Economics, University of
Amsterdam, Jodenbreetstraat 23, 1011 NH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Professor Donald Wittman, Department of Economics, Merrill College,
University of California, Santa Cruz, CA" 95064, U.S.A.
Professor Gary Zuk, Department of Political &ience, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A.
10