The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe PDF
Preview The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,16/6/2015,SPi THE LIVES OF PREHISTORIC MONUMENTS IN IRON AGE, ROMAN, AND MEDIEVAL EUROPE OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,16/6/2015,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,16/6/2015,SPi The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe Edited by MARTA DÍAZ-GUARDAMINO, LEONARDO GARCÍA SANJUÁN, AND DAVID WHEATLEY 1 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,16/6/2015,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries #OxfordUniversityPress2015 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2015 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014956588 ISBN 978–0–19–872460–5 Printedandboundby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,16/6/2015,SPi Preface This book was conceived during our recent research collaboration, centred on a variety of prehistoric monuments in Iberia. These include funerary megalithic monuments, standing stones, stelae, and statue-menhirs found on sites that frequently show persistent patterns of use and reuse well into ‘historic’ times. The long-term biographiesaccruedbysomeoftheseplacesinIberiaareredolentof thecomplexlife-historiesknownforothersitesofnorth-westEurope, where there is a well-known tradition of research on the cultural biographies of monuments, places, and landscapes. During the last fouryearsourresearchinIberiahassparkedmanyconversationsand interesting discussions about this topic, outlining two aspects that, in our view, deserved further examination. On the one hand, we were particularly interested in the specific roles that monuments themselves, and the large stones they were made of, had played in the crafting of these long-term and complex place-biographies. Ultimately, we were interested in the active roles of prehistoric monuments in social life long after their initial construction or manufacture. On the other hand, comparable patterns of recurrent use are frequently found in different regions of Europe, and we felt thatnotenoughattentionhadbeendevotedtothisfacthitherto.The occurrence of this phenomenon in areas other than north-west EuropehadnotbeenaswidelydisseminatedintheEnglishlanguage, and this fact had prevented their analysis within a comparative framework. Therefore, we decided to promote the examination of these ques- tionsthroughabookproject.Weinvitedaseriesofresearchers—now the contributors to this volume—to present case-studies of different Europeanregions,exemplifyingtheactiverolesplayedbyprehistoric monuments in social life during the Iron Age, the Roman, and the Medieval periods. In order to enhance the overall coherence of theresultingeditedvolume,weorganizedameetingfortheauthorsto present and discuss their contributions in advance. This meeting took place in a session held at the 19th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (September 2013, Plzen, OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,16/6/2015,SPi vi Preface Czech Republic), and helped to ensure the consistency and homo- geneity of the book’s contents. We are deeply indebted to Professor RichardBradleyforhavingacceptedthetaskofwritingtheconclud- ing chapter of the book, in which he discusses ideas underlying the differentchaptersofthebook,andpresentsaninspiringcomparison between the development of monumental architecture and that of oralliterature. We would like to thank the contributors to this volume for their commitmentandenthusiasticengagement.Throughtheirhardwork they have enriched the overall experience and outcome of this col- lective endeavour. We are particularly thankful to the anonymous referees, whose helpful commentaries and insights have contributed to greatly enhance the overall quality of the book. Finally, many thanks to Hilary O’Shea, Alexander Johnson, and Annie Rose, from OUP, for their helpful advice, support, and guidance during the editorialprocess. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,16/6/2015,SPi Contents ListofFigures ix ListofTables xv ListofContributors xvii PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. TheLivesofPrehistoricMonumentsinIronAge,Roman, andMedievalEurope:AnIntroduction 3 MartaDíaz-Guardamino,LeonardoGarcíaSanjuán,and DavidWheatley 2. BeforetheStandingStones:FromLandFormstoReligious AttitudesandMonumentality 19 JoyceE.Salisbury PART II: CASE-STUDIES 3. Kings’Jelling:MonumentswithOutstandingBiographies intheHeartofDenmark 35 SteenHvass 4. IconsofAntiquity:RemakingMegalithicMonuments inIreland 55 GabrielCooney 5. BeowulfandArchaeology:MegalithsImaginedand EncounteredinEarlyMedievalEurope 77 HowardWilliams 6. Myth,Memento,andMemory:Avebury(Wiltshire,England) 99 DavidWheatley 7. LesPierresdeMémoire:TheLifeHistoryofTwo Statue-MenhirsfromGuernsey,ChannelIslands 119 HeatherSebire OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,16/6/2015,SPi viii Contents 8. BackandForward:NeolithicStandingStonesand IronAgeStelaeinFrenchBrittany 141 LucLaporte,Marie-YvaneDaire,GwenoléKerdivel, andElíasLópez-Romero 9. EnduringPast:MegalithicTombsofBrittanyandthe RomanOccupationinWesternFrance 163 MaraVejby 10. TheOutstandingBiographiesofPrehistoricMonuments inIronAge,Roman,andMedievalSpain 183 LeonardoGarcíaSanjuánandMartaDíaz-Guardamino 11. MegalithsandHolyPlacesintheGenesisoftheKingdom ofAsturias(NorthofSpain,ad718–910) 205 MiguelÁngeldeBlasCortina 12. LifeandDeathofCopperAgeMonolithsatOssimoAnvòia (ValCamonica,ItalianCentralAlps),3000bc–ad1950 225 FrancescoG.Fedele 13. BiographyofaHill:NoviPazarinSouth-WesternSerbia 249 StašaBabić 14. WhatHappensWhenTombsDie?TheHistorical AppropriationoftheCretanBronzeAgeCemeteries 265 BorjaLegarraHerrero 15. RomanDolmens?TheMegalithicNecropolisesofEastern MaghrebRevisited 287 JoanSanmartí,NabilKallala,RafelJornet,M.Carme Belarte,JoanCanela,SarhaneChérif,JordiCampillo, DavidMontanero,XavierBermúdez,ThaïsFadrique, VíctorRevilla,JoanRamon,andMoncefBenMoussa PART III: RECAPITULATION AND CONCLUSIONS 16. ThePlotAgainstthePast:ReuseandModificationof AncientMortuaryMonumentsasPersuasive EffortsofAppropriation 307 EstellaWeiss-Krejci 17. PiecingTogetheraPast 325 RichardBradley Index 343 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,16/6/2015,SPi List of Figures 3.1. TheJellingmonumentsinad1861. 36 3.2. Varioustheoriesaboutthetworowsoflargestonesunder theSouthMound,foundin1941. 37 3.3. The‘pagan’monument(midtenthcenturyad). 39 3.4. ThefirstChristianmonument(latetenthcenturyad). 42 3.5. Thebasicmeasurementsandgeometricregularitiesinthe layoutoftheship-settingandtheenclosureatJelling. 43 3.6. Largerune-stoneofHaraldBluetooth(a)thetextside; (b)thetwoimagesides. 45 3.7. HaraldBluetooth’sbuildingworks. 46 3.8. ThesecondChristianmonument(latetenthandeleventh centuriesad). 49 3.9. JellingMonumentsinad2010. 52 4.1. Locationmapofsitesmentionedinthechapter. 59 4.2. TheHillofTarafromtheeast,illustratingMoundofthe Hostageslocation,off-centretotherightofthephotograph. 59 4.3. AerialphotographofNewgrangefromthesouth. 61 4.4. AerialphotographoftheKnowthcomplexofpassage tombs,fromthenorth-west. 61 4.5. ArchaeologicalphasesinthesitehistoryoftheMound oftheHostages.Phase3representstheEarlyBronze Agecemetery. 63 4.6. ThelocationoftheIronAgeandEarlyMedievalburials atKnowth. 67 4.7. ThelocationoftheRomanmaterialatNewgrange. 69 5.1. Threeviewsoftheeighth-toninth-centuryadcryptatRepton (Derbyshire,EastMidlands,England),originallya free-standingbaptisteryandsubsequentlyconvertedtoa mortuarychapelforroyalburial. 84 5.2. Thelate-seventh-centuryadserpentinebeastsonthewestern thresholdoftheAnglo-Saxonmonasticchurchat Monkwearmouth(TyneandWear,Northumberland, England). 92
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