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The Little Book of Economics: How the Economy Works in the Real World PDF

277 Pages·2010·1.51 MB·English
by  Greg Ip
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CONTINUED FROM FRONT FLAP $19.95 USA / $23.95 CAN America’s mortgage crisis possible, how it’s exploited by LIT T LE BOOK d $ MMOOHHAAMMEEDD EELL-EERRIIAANN China to spur growth, and how it makes the United States $$ FFOORREEWWOORRDD BBYY After the global fi nancial panic and recession of 2007–2009, richer even as it widens the gap between winners and losers. CCEEOO ooff PPIIMMCCOO BIG PRO FIT S® IP you don’t have to be president or a hedge fund manager to One side effect of the deepest economic downturn since the know that “It’s the economy, stupid.” Yet while the economy Great Depression is that it has ignited a fresh desire among Praise for dominates the headlines, how it works and who infl uences it citizens and investors to better understand the economy. The TTHHEE LLIITTTTLLEE BBOOOOKK OOFF EECCOONNOOMMIICCSS remain a mystery to most people. In The Little Book of Economics, Little Book of Economics is an accessible, engaging, and entertain- Greg Ip, an award-winning journalist renowned for making “Finally, an economics book that is neither dull nor inscrutable and TT ing guide to all of the wonderful and wicked ways in which the HH T L complex economics easy to understand, walks you through economy functions and what it all means to you. thuatn wdoerns’tt apnudti ynogu o tfo ‘ tshleee dpi.s Gmrael gs cIipe ngicvee’s a unsd a r leuvceiadl sa hnodw e nectoerntoaminiicn g E LE L L I T E B how the economy really works. You’ll learn: d concepts and institutions affect our daily lives. This little gem can ITTITT E O • How psychology and the Federal Reserve drive GREG IP is the U.S. Economics turn all of us into sophisticated and educated citizens.” LELE H $ O business cycles —Burton G. Malkiel, Professor of Economics, Princeton University; B B T • How a fi nancial crisis can transform a recession into Editor for the Economist magazine, based author of A Random Walk Down Wall Street and The Elements of Investing OO of K a depression OO in Washington, D.C. His career spans KK • The surprising effects of fertility rates, lawyers, and ideas “Greg Ip is one of the world’s best economic journalists. two decades of fi nancial and economic OO on economic growth The Little Book of Economics will teach you much more than a little about FF journalism, including eleven years at the the forces that shape all of our lives.” EE EECCOONNOOMMIICCSS • Whether the United States faces a lost decade like Japan did Wall Street Journal in New York and Washington. Before that, CC in the 1990s —N. Gregory Mankiw, Professor of Economics, Harvard University; he wrote for the Financial Post and the Globe and Mail in Canada. OO • The causes of infl ation, how it destabilizes society, and author of Principles of Economics He appears frequently on television and radio, including NN why defl ation is even worse National Public Radio, PBS, CNN, CNBC, and MSNBC. “Here’s the perfect way to understand the economy without OO • How government debt can sometimes help end a recession breaking a sweat. Clearly written and easy to understand, The Little MM How the Economy Works but, other times, bring on disaster—and how to tell the He has won or shared in several prizes for reporting, and Book of Economics guides you through what you need to know. difference was part of the Wall Street Journal team that received the Pulitzer II Ip’s bright light illuminates places previously darkened by insider CC in the Real World • The symptoms of fi nancial crises and why they often Prize in 2002 for breaking news reporting. Greg graduated jargon and arcane formulae.” SS occur in election years from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, with a degree in —Robert B. Reich, Professor of Public Policy, University of California, • What goes on inside the Federal Reserve, what it does when economics and journalism. He lives in Bethesda, Maryland. Berkeley; former U.S. Secretary of Labor interest rates are zero, and why its power to print money has made it the world’s fi nancial fi reman Jacket Design: Paul McCarthy You can’t understand the American economy without rec- G I RREEGG P ognizing the growing infl uence of the rest of the world. So The Little Book of Economics digs into globalization, how it made CONTINUED ON BACK FLAP Making your Money work for you Maybe you’re thinking it’s time to review your investment strategy and make the most of the money you have today. Maybe you’ve already built a financially successful retirement egg and want to protect what you’ve built. 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Because that, too, is what this time of your life is about. AARP is a nonprofit, nonpartisan membership organization that helps people 50 and older improve their lives. For more than 50 years, AARP has been serving our members and society by creating positive social change. AARP’s mission is to enhance the quality of life for all as we age; lead positive social change; and deliver value to members through information, service and advocacy. This information in this book is for educational purposes and does not constitute financial advice. ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiii 88//33//1100 99::5599::2244 PPMM Additional Praise for The Little Book of Economics “ Greg Ip has the rare talent of making even the toughest topics easy to understand. In T he Little of Book of Economics , he tells you what you need to know with superb clarity and memorable examples. I recommend this book to anyone who wants a clear explanation of how the forces of economics shape the world. ” — Michael J. Mauboussin, Chief Investment Strategist, Legg Mason Capital Management; Author of Think Twice “ The book is an excellent introduction to basic economic concepts and ideas explained in clear and thoughtful ways. A must read in economic literacy. ” — Nouriel Roubini, Professor of Economics, New York University; Co - founder and Chairman of Roubini Global Economics ffffiirrss..iinndddd ii 88//33//1100 99::5599::2244 PPMM ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiii 88//33//1100 99::5599::2244 PPMM L I T TLE B E O H O T K OF ECONOMICS ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiiiii 88//33//1100 99::5599::2255 PPMM Little Book Big Profi ts Series In the Little Book Big Profi ts series, the brightest icons in the fi nancial world write on topics that range from tried-and-true investment strategies to tomorrow’s new trends. Each book offers a unique perspective on investing, allowing the reader to pick and choose from the very best in investment advice today. Books in the Little Book Big Profi ts series include: The Little Book That Beats the Market by Joel Greenblatt The Little Book of Value Investing by Christopher Browne The Little Book of Common Sense Investing by John C. Bogle The Little Book That Makes You Rich by Louis Navellier The Little Book That Builds Wealth by Pat Dorsey The Little Book That Saves Your Assets by David M. Darst The Little Book of Bull Moves in Bear Markets by Peter D. Schiff The Little Book of Main Street Money by Jonathan Clements The Little Book of Safe Money by Jason Zweig The Little Book of Behavioral Investing by James Montier The Little Book of Big Dividends by Charles B. Carlson The Little Book of Investing Do’s and Don’ts by Ben Stein and Phil DeMuth The Little Book of Bull Moves, Updated and Expanded by Peter D. Schiff The Little Book of Commodity Investing by John R. Stephenson The Little Book That Still Beats the Market by Joel Greenblatt The Little Book of Economics by Greg Ip ffffiirrss..iinndddd iivv 88//33//1100 99::5599::2255 PPMM L I T TLE B E O H O T K OF ECONOMICS How the Economy Works in the Real World G I REG P F OREWORD BY M E -E OHAMED L RIAN John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ffffiirrss..iinndddd vv 88//33//1100 99::5599::2266 PPMM Copyright © 2010 by Greg Ip. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifi cally disclaim any implied warranties of merchant- ability or fi tness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representa- tives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profi t or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. ISBN 978-0-470-62166-0 (cloth); 978-0-470-92940-7 (ebk); 978-0-470-92939-1 (ebk) Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ffffiirrss..iinndddd vvii 88//33//1100 99::5599::2266 PPMM

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One positive side-effect of the recent financial market meltdown that toppled giant, century-old institutions and cost millions their jobs is that it created a strong desire among many Americans to better understand how the U.S. economy functions. In The Little Book of Economics, Greg, Ip, one of th
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