The Linux Cookbook The Linux Cookbook Tips and Techniques for Everyday Use Michael Stutz PRESS An imprint of No Starch Press, Inc. San Francisco The Linux Cookbook. Copyright c � 2001 by Michael Stutz. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan- ical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10–04 03 02 01 Trademarked names are used throughout this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we are using the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Co-publishers: William Pollock and Phil Hughes Project Editor: Karol Jurado Assistant Editor: Nick Hoff Cover Design: Octopod Studios Typesetting and Design: Michael Stutz Technical Editor: Scott Schwartz Copyeditor: Andy Carroll Proofreader: Elisabeth Beller Distributed to the book trade in the United States by Publishers Group West, 1700 Fourth Street, Berkeley, California 94710, phone: 800-788-3123 or 510-528-1444, fax: 510-528-3444 Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Jacqueline Gross & Associates, Inc., 195 Allstate Parkway, Markham, Ontario L3R 4T8 Canada, phone: 905-477-0722, fax: 905-477-8619 For information on translations or book distributors outside the United States, please contact No Starch Press, Inc. directly: No Starch Press, Inc. 555 De Haro Street, Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94107 phone: 415-863-9900; fax: 415-863-9950;