The Limits of Loyalty: Imperial Symbolism, Popular Allegiances, and State Patriotism in the Late Habsburg Monarchy

256 Pages·2007·18.457 MB·English

by  Laurence Cole (editor), Daniel Unowsky (editor)

THE LIMITS OF LOYALTY
AUSTRIAN AND HABSBURG STUDIES
General Editor: Gary B. Cohen, Center for Austrian Studies,
University of Minnesota
Volume 1
Austrian Women in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries:
Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives
Edited by David F. Good, Margarete Grandner, and Mary Jo Maynes
Volume 2
From World War to Waldheim: Culture and Politics in Austria and
the United States
Edited byDavid F. Good and Ruth Wodak
Volume 3
Rethinking Vienna 1900
Edited bySteven Beller
Volume 4
The Great Tradition and Its Legacy: The Evolution of Dramatic and Musical
Theater in Austria and Central Europe
Edited byMichael Cherlin, Halina Filipowicz, and Richard L. Rudolph
Volume 5
Creating the “Other”: Ethnic Conflict and Nationalism in Habsburg
Central Europe
Edited by Nancy M. Wingfield
Volume 6
Constructing Nationalities in East Central Europe
Edited by Pieter M. Judson and Marsha L. Rozenblit
Volume 7
The Environment and Sustainable Development in the New Central Europe
Edited by Zbigniew Bochniarz and Gary B. Cohen
Volume 8
Crime, Jews and News
Edited by Daniel Mark Vyletta
Volume 9
The Limits of Loyalty: Imperial Symbolism, Popular Allegiances, and State
Patriotism in the Late Habsburg Monarchy
Edited by Laurence Cole and Daniel L. Unowsky
T L L
HE IMITS OF OYALTY
Imperial symbolism, popular allegiances,
and state patriotism in
the late Habsburg Monarchy
d
Edited by
Laurence Cole
and
Daniel L. Unowsky
Berghahn Books
NEW YORK • OXFORD
First published in 2007 by
Berghahn Books
www.berghahnbooks.com
© 2007, 2009 Laurence Cole and Daniel L. Unowsky
First paperback edition published in 2009
All rights reserved.
Except for the quotation of short passages
for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book
may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented,
without written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The limits of loyalty : imperial symbolism, popular allegiances, and state patriotism in the
late Habsburg monarchy / edited by Laurence Cole and Daniel L. Unowsky.
p. cm. — (Austrian and Habsburg studies ; v. 9)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84545-202-5 (hbk) -- ISBN 978-1-84545-717-4 (pbk)
1. Habsburg, House of. 2. Austria—Politics and government—1848–1918.
3. Europe, Central—Politics and government. 4. Nationalism—Austria. 5. Group
identity—Austria. I. Cole, Laurence. II. Unowsky, Daniel L., 1966– .
DB47.L56 2007
943.6'04—dc22
2007034705
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Printed in the United States on acid-free paper
ISBN: 978-1-84545-202-5 hardback
ISBN: 978-1-84545-717-4 paperback
C
ONTENTS
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Contributors vii
List of Illustrations ix
Introduction 1
Laurence Cole and Daniel L. Unowsky
1. Patriotic and National Myths: National Consciousness and
Elementary School Education in Imperial Austria 11
Ernst Bruckmüller
2. Military Veterans and Popular Patriotism in Imperial Austria,
1870–1914 36
Laurence Cole
3. Emperor Joseph II in the Austrian Imagination up to 1914 62
Nancy M. Wingfield
4. The Flyspecks on Palivec’s Portrait: Francis Joseph, the Symbols
of Monarchy, and Czech Popular Loyalty 86
Hugh LeCaine Agnew
5. Celebrating Two Emperors and a Revolution: The Public Contest
to Represent the Polish and Ruthenian Nations in 1880 113
Daniel L. Unowsky
6. Empress Elisabeth as Hungarian Queen: The Uses of
Celebrity Monarchism 138
Alice Freifeld
vi | Contents
7. State Ritual and Ritual Parody: Croatian Student Protest and
the Limits of Loyalty at the End of the Nineteenth Century 162
Sarah Kent
8. Collective Identifications and Austro-Hungarian Jews (1914–1918):
The Contradictions and Travails of Avigdor Hameiri 178
Alon Rachamimov
9. Representing Constitutional Monarchy in Late Nineteenth and
Early Twentieth-century Britain, Germany, and Austria 199
Christiane Wolf
Afterword 223
R.J.W. Evans
Select Bibliography 233
Index 236
C
ONTRIBUTORS
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Hugh LeCaine Agnewis Professor of History and International Affairs and As-
sociate Dean of Faculty and Student Affairs at George Washington University.
He is the author of Origins of the Czech National Renascence(1993), and most re-
cently, The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown(2004).
Ernst Bruckmüller is Professor of Economic and Social History at the Univer-
sity of Vienna. He was joint coordinator of a major project on the history of the
bourgeoisie in the Habsburg Monarchy. His most important works include So-
zialgeschichte Österreichs (2nd edition, 2001) and Nation Österreich: kulturelles
Bewußtsein und gesellschaftlich-politische Prozesse (2nd, expanded edition, 1996),
which has also appeared in translation as The Austrian Nation: Cultural Con-
sciousness and Socio-Political Processes (2003).
Laurence Cole is Lecturer in Modern European History at the University of
East Anglia. He is the author of Für Gott, Kaiser und Vaterland: Nationale Iden-
tität der deutschsprachigen Bevölkerung Tirols 1860–1914(2000), and has recently
edited Different Paths to the Nation: National and Regional Identities in Central
Europe and Italy, 1830–1870 (2007). Currently, he is co-editor of European His-
tory Quarterly.
R.J.W. Evans is Regius Professor of History at the University of Oxford. His
most well-known work is The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550–1770: an
Interpretation(1979), and he has edited several collections, including (both with
H. Pogge von Strandmann) The Coming of the First World War (1990) and The
Revolutions in Europe, 1848–9: From Reform to Reaction(2000). Most recently, he
has published a volume of his essays, Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Cen-
tral Europe, c. 1683–1867(2006).
Alice Freifeldis Associate Professor of History at the University of Florida. Her
book, Nationalism and the Crowd in Liberal Hungary, 1848–1914 (2000), was
awarded the 2001 Barbara Jelavich Book Prize of the American Association for
viii | Contributors
the Advancement of Slavic Studies. She is also co-editor (with Peter Bergmann
and Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal) of East Europe Reads Nietzsche(1998). She is cur-
rently working on a study of displaced persons in Hungary after World War II.
Sarah Kentis Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point.
She has published articles on Croatia and Bosnia and is completing a monograph
on Franz Joseph’s visit to Zagreb in 1895.
Alon Rachamimovis a Senior Lecturer in Modern European History at Tel Aviv
University. He is the author of POWs and the Great War: Captivity on the East-
ern Front (2002), which was awarded the Fraenkel Prize for Contemporary His-
tory for a first major work. He is currently working on a comparative study of
POW theaters during World War I.
Daniel L. Unowskyis Professor of History at the University of Memphis. He is
the author of The Pomp and Politics of Patriotism: Imperial Celebrations in Habs-
burg Austria, 1848–1916 (2005), and is working on a study of the 1898 anti-
Jewish riots in the Habsburg province of Galicia.
Nancy Wingfieldis Professor of History at Northern Illinois University. Among
her published works are: Staging the Past: The Politics of Commemorations in Habs-
burg Central Europe, 1848 to the Present(2001) and Gender and War in Twentieth-
Century Eastern Europe (2006), both edited with Maria Bucur. Her most recent
book, Flag Wars and Stone Saints: How the Bohemian Lands Became Czech was
published by Harvard University Press in 2007.
Christiane Wolfis completing her PhD at the University of Tübingen, and has
published articles on Imperial Germany and the comparative history of monar-
chical cults in late nineteenth-century Europe.
I
LLUSTRATIONS
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Map 1 Austria-Hungary, 1910 x
Figure 3.1 Statue of Joseph II in Josefsplatz, Vienna. 65
Figure 4.1 Radetzky monument in Prague’s Malostranské
námeˇstí/Kleinseitner Ring. 90
Figure 4.2 The May 1868 laying of the foundation stones for
the Czech National Theater in Prague. 94
Figure 4.3 The 1868 ceremony at the Czech National Theater
construction site in Prague. 95
Figure 4.4 Idealized coronation portrait of Francis Joseph as
King of Bohemia. 100
Figure 4.5 The Crown Jewels of the Kingdom of Bohemia. 107
Figure 5.1 Wojciech Kossak, His Majesty accepts a petition,1881. 117
Figure 5.2 Market Square in modern Lviv. 121
Figure 5.3 St. George Cathedral in modern Lviv. 126
Figure 5.4 Ruthenian National Institute in modern Lviv. 127
Figure 6.1 Elisabeth and Franz Joseph as the hands of a pair
of scissors. 140
Figure 6.2 Elisabeth in Hungarian folk dress. 144
Figure 6.3 In loving remembrance of our Queen, 1837–1896. 156
Figure 6.4 Embroidered World War I Hungarian wall hanging. 157
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