I, Too, Sing America This page intentionally left blank THE LIFE OF LANGSTON HUGHES Volume I: 1902-1941 I, Too, Sing America SECOND EDITION Arnold Rampersad OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 20O2 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris Sao Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1986, 1988, 2002 by Arnold Rampersad First published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 1986 First issued as an Oxford University Press paperback, 1988 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available: ISBN 13: 978-0-19-514642-4 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper To Marvina White This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS 1. A Kansas Boyhood 3 (1902 to 1915) 2. Outsetting Bard 23 (1915 to 1921) 3. My People 50 (1921 to 1923) 4. On the Big Sea 73 (1923 to 1924) 5. We Have Tomorrow 99 (1924 to 1926) 6. A Lion at Lincoln 125 (1926 to 1927) 7. Godmother and Langston 156 (1927 to 1930) 8. Flight and Fall 182 (1930 to 1931) 9. Starting Over 211 (1931 to 1932) 10. Good Morning, Revolution 242 (1932 to 1933) 11. Waiting on Roosevelt 276 (1933 to 1935) 12. Still Waiting on Roosevelt 306 (1935 to 1937) vii viii / Contents 13. Earthquake Weather 341 (1937 to 1939) 14. The Fall of a Titan 373 (1939 to 1941) Afterword 396 Abbreviations 406 Notes 407 Acknowledgments 449 Index 455 Hang yourself, poet, in your own words. Otherwise, you are dead. LANGSTON HUGHES, 1964
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