':l'~ )1).tiJ';,rs. Ai err Ot" ----- - CUNDeCTLn /iY - :3hlr,e,O -S,;P~Trk-!-J -. '-- 13 U:'"'TV". :!"'"Ji Ll:;:!]}; ') yt" HJ].].J."..R ]J.(;JU,1;a, C P. j[; [IN j, [9::\ , l(I!:.H,(.R1l M,M,,::i lD;:'<:'n';TT .. byGoogle Digitized THE LIBRARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. - OONDUOTED , Br JARED SPARKS. VOL. III. BOSTON: HILLIARD, GRAY, AND CO. LONDON: RICHAILD JAMES KENNETT. 1835. Goog Ie DigitIZed by THE LIFE AND TREASON OF BENEDICT ARNOLD. B1' JARED SPARKS. BOSTON: HILLIARD, GRAY, AND 00. LONDON: RICBAlLD JAMJ:8 EJ:1'I'1'I'BTT. 1835. Goog Ie DigitIZed by EDterecllOCOllliDr to the act.t Ooagre •• In the year 1835. byJ .... D S ....... . ID the Olerk·. o8loe or the Diltrlot Oourt of tbe Di.trlol of Muoaebllll\tI. OAMBRIDGE: CHARLES FOLSOM, P&Jln"Jla TO 'I'BJl17lfITJlBlIT'I'. Goog Ie DigitIZed by PREFACE. IT is the chief object of the following DaJTative to give an account of the treason of Arnold, its causes, the plans for carry ing it forward, and its final issue. In exe cuting this design, it was. necessary to touch upon the events of his previous life; ~nd, as many of these have a real interest in themselves, and others a direct bearing on the subject, it is believed no apology for introducing them will be required. The author has of course consulted all the printed books and documents, which he could find; and among others he ac knowledges his obligation to M. de Mar bois' Complot ff. Ilrnold et de Sir Henry Clinton, published several years ago in Paris, and soon afterwards translated by Mr. Walsh for the second volume of the .Ilmerican Register. The parts of M. de Goog Ie DigitIZed by vi PREFACE. Marbois' book, which he wrote from per sonal knowledge and observation, have a special value; some of the other parts would have been varied, if his materials had been more abundant and exact. Besides printed sources of information, the author has been fortunate in procuring the use of a large number of original papers in manuscript, which have not be fore been inspected. In the public ar chives of London he was allowed to peruse the entire correspondence, between the British commander in America and the ministry, concerning Arnold's defection; particularly a very ample narrative of all the transactions, dated nine days after the death of Andre, methodically drawn up, and signed by Sir Henry Clinton. This correspondence exhibits in a clear view the British side of the question. Among General Washington's manu scripts are also original materials, including the papers that were laid before the board of general officers to whom Andre's case was submitted, and the drafts of letters and other papers left behind by Arnold Goog Ie DigitIZed by PREFACE. vii when he escaped. Arnold's letters to Congress are curious, and indicate the workings of his mind while maturing his plot. The same may be said of some of his miscellaneous letters, which have fallen into the author's hands. For that portion of the narrative in which the agency of Andre is described, the principal authority has been the records of the trial of Joshua H. Smith. This person was arraigned before a court-martial, upon the charge of having been an accomplice with Arnold, but his guilt was not proved. The trial lasted for nearly a month. Nu merous witnesses- were examined, and among others the captors of Andre. All the testimony was taken down in detail, and the papers have been preserved. They are voluminous and important. Several gentlemen now living, who were personally acquainted with circumstances attending the treason of Arnold, have made valuable communications, either written or verbal, for the present work. The author will only add, that he has everywhere aimed at strict accuracy in his Goog Ie DigitIZed by viii PREFACE. statements, and verified them whenever it was possible by reference to manuscript authorities. If his labors should be found to have contributed any thing to illustrate an interesting point of history, his end will be answered and his wishes gratified. Goog Ie DigitIZed by CONTENTS. ...,. CHAPTER I. Arnold's Birti and Early Life. • 1 CHAPTER II. He begins lis Military Career. - Capture of Ticonderoga and Crown Point. . . .• 12 CHAPTER III. Expedition tirougi tie 'Wilderness to Quebec. 26 CHAPTER IV. Operations in Canada. - Affair of tie Cedars. - Retreat from Montreal. ••.. 4S CHAPTER V. Arnold censured for tie Seizure of Goods at Montreal. - Appointed to tie Comn,and of a Fleet on Lake C/&lain. - Na"al Combat. 64 Goog Ie DigitIZed by illi x CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. &ationed in Rhode Island. - Superseded in his Rank by Congress. - Complains of Injustice and ill Treatment. - His BrflfJery in the Af fair of Dm,bury.-Commands at Philadel- phia. . • • . 83 CHAPTER VII. Joins tke northern Army. - The tragical Death of Jane McCrea near Fort Ed",ard.-Ar "old commands an Expedition to Fort Sel",y Zer. - Rtjoins the main Army on the Hudson. - The Battles of BeAmus's Heights. • 100 CHAPTER VIII. Takes Command in Philadelphia. - Proposes joining the Navy. - Charges agai7tst kim by the Council of Pellnsylvania.-His Plan for a ncto &ttlement in the "'estern Part of Nero York. - His Trial by a Court-martial. 121 CHAPTER IX. His eTpcnsive Style of Livillg and pecuniary Embarra~sments. - First Ideas of bttruying his Country. - Application to the French Ambassaclor .. -1Hnrriage. - ~kes Command at m'st Pomt. .•...••.• 144 Goog Ie DigitIZed by
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