The League of Nations and the Organisation of Peace

204 Pages·2012·12.811 MB·German

by  Martyn Housden

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The League of Nations and the Organisation of Peace

The League of Nations and the
Organisation of Peace
Martyn Housden
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Longman
is an imprint of
PEARSON
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First edition published in Great Britain in 2012
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ISBN: 978-1-4082-2824-1
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book can be obtained from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Housden, Martyn, 1962—
The League of Nations and the organisation of peace / Martyn Housden.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4082-2824-1 (pbk.)
1. League of Nations—History. 2. Peace—International cooperation. 1. Title.
JZ4871.H68 2011
341.22—dce23
2011033604
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Introduction to the series
History is narrative constructed by historians from traces left by the past.
Historical enquiry is often driven by contemporary issues and, in con-
sequence, historical narratives are constantly reconsidered, reconstructed
and reshaped. The fact that different historians have different perspectives on
issues means that there is also often controversy and no universally agreed
version of past events. Seminar Studies was designed to bridge the gap between
current research and debate, and the broad, popular general surveys that
often date rapidly.
The volumes in the series are written by historians who are not only familiar
with the latest research and current debates concerning their topic, but who
have themselves contributed to our understanding of the subject. The books
are intended to provide the reader with a clear introduction to a major topic
in history. They provide both a narrative of events and a critical analysis
of contemporary interpretations. They include the kinds of tools generally
omitted from specialist monographs: a chronology of events, a glossary of
terms and brief biographies of ‘who’s who’. They also include bibliographical
essays in order to guide students to the literature on various aspects of the
subject. Students and teachers alike will find that the selection of documents
will stimulate discussion and offer insight into the raw materials used by
historians in their attempt to understand the past.
Clive Emsley and Gordon Martel
Series Editors
To the usual suspects
Contents
Acknowledgements
Publisher’s acknowledgements
x1
Chronology
Who’s who
xvi
Glossary xviii
PART ONE ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION: ORGANISING THE PEACE OF THE WORLD
WHAT WAS THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS?
What Was the League of Nations and Why Study it Today?
A Complicated Character: Super-State, Commonwealth, Utopia?
The Covenant of the League of Nations
SFOOON
Structure of the Organisation
Historiography: The League as Success or Failure? 16
Conclusion 18
HOW NEW WAS THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS? 20
Introduction: Disillusionment with the Balance of Power 20
Distant Origins 21
Nineteenth Century: The Concert of Europe and Arbitration 22
Nineteenth Century: Globalisation, Humanitarianism, Pacifism
and National Minorities 25
The Legacy of War 29
Woodrow Wilson and the Peace Settlement 32
Omissions, but Optimism Nonetheless a4
Conclusion 36
viii THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND THE ORGANISATION OF PEACE
A PROMISING START? DISPUTES, BORDERS AND NATIONAL
38
MINORITIES IN THE 1920s
38
Introduction: The Spirit of the Age
39
Settling Disputes Peacefully in the 1920s
44
Assigning Territories and Drawing Borders :
50
National Minorities: Trying to Remove a Cause of War
55
Conclusion
INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN ACTION: REFUGEES
AND SECURITY at
Introduction 57
Taking Soldiers Home, 1920-22 59
Flight and Repatriation: Russian Refugees, 1920-25 62
Exchanging Populations: Greece and Turkey 66
The Armenians: Suffering without a Nation State 70
Refugees in the 1930s re:
Conclusion as
REMOVING THE CAUSES OF WAR: SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC PROJECTS Le:
Introduction io
Curing the World 76
The Drugs Trade 80
Salvaging Humans and Preventing People-Trafficking 82
Abolishing Slavery and its Kindred Forms 84
Beyond Imperialism: Mandates 86
Economics of Peace: Social Justice and International Stability 88
Conclusion: Organising Peace and Removing the Causes of War 91
THE LEAGUE BETRAYED: COLLECTIVE SECURITY IN
THE 1930s AND DISARMAMENT 93
Introduction 93
Disarmament: An Impossible Quest? 94
Manchuria: A Turning Point for Collective Security? 98
The Abyssinian Crisis 102
Early Moves to Reappraise Collective Security: Addressing the
Causes of War 106
Conclusion 108
CONCLUSION: ASSESSING THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS 111
A Path-Breaking Organisation 198!
Changing Convictions Liz
Balance 1i2