The Law Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained PDF
Preview The Law Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained
CONTENTS HOW TO USE THIS EBOOK INTRODUCTION THE BEGINNINGS OF LAW • 2100 BCE–500 CE Observe the words of righteousness • Early legal codes This shall be an everlasting statute unto you • The Ten Commandments and Mosaic law The Mandate of Heaven • Zhou dynasty China The law of the sea • The Lex Rhodia The art of ruling well • Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism This shall be binding by law • The Twelve Tables Law is master of the rulers • Plato’s Laws True law is right reason • Aristotle and natural law A person is liable for wrongful damage • The Lex Aquilia The sacred laws of the castes • The Arthashastra and the Manusmriti We cultivate the virtue of justice • Ulpian the Jurist Justice, truth, and peace • The Mishnah and the Talmud Walk in the way of righteousness • The origins of canon law LAW IN THE MIDDLE AGES • 500–1470 Is God a just judge? • Trial by ordeal and combat A divine law and a traced-out way • The Koran No yard of land was left out • The Domesday Book An accusation cannot be repeated • Gratian’s Decretum Speak the truth • The Assize of Clarendon To none will we deny or delay right or justice • Magna Carta Every law is ordained to the common good • Thomas Aquinas The merchant’s companion • The Lex Mercatoria EMPIRE AND ENLIGHTENMENT • 1470–1800 Protection for any ingenious device • The Venetian Patent Statute A boundary from pole to pole • The Treaty of Tordesillas All governors shall keep every poor person • The Poor Laws Peace is glorious and advantageous • Grotius’s On the Law of War and Peace Thy grave error and transgression • The trial of Galileo Galilei A turning point in the history of nations • The Peace of Westphalia Tyrant, traitor, murderer • The trial of Charles I All slaves shall be held to be real estate • Slave codes The rights and liberties of the subject • The Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live • The Salem witch trials The author shall have the sole right of printing • The Statute of Anne A grand society of nations • Vattel’s The Law of Nations The most important book in the history of common law • Blackstone’s Commentaries This Constitution shall be the supreme Law of the Land • The US Constitution and Bill of Rights Men are born and remain free and equal in rights • The Declaration of the Rights of Man THE RISE OF THE RULE OF LAW • 1800–1945 Justice under the Constitution • The US Supreme Court and judicial review Every Frenchman shall enjoy civil rights • The Napoleonic Code Let the oppressed go free • The Abolition of the Slave Trade Act Purity, activity, vigilance, and discretion • The Metropolitan Police Act All contracts by way of gaming shall be null and void • The Gaming Act Bound to do no injury to fellow-creatures • The Cruelty to Animals Act The damages should be fairly considered • Hadley v. Baxendale Who can condemn the woman in this book? • The Madame Bovary trial To take a life is revenge, not justice • The abolition of the death penalty Even war has rules • The Geneva Conventions The rights of every worker • The Trade Union Act The Nordic nations are branches of a tree • Scandinavian cooperation Evil customs of the past shall be broken off • The Charter Oath It is justifiable, but not for detestable curiosity • The “Vivisection Act” The state will care for the victims of industry • The Workers’ Accident Insurance System No necessity could justify killing • The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens Where we are is our property • The St Catherine’s Milling case Free and unfettered competition • The Sherman Antitrust Act The laws, rights, and duties of war • The Hague Conventions A separate legal personality • Salomon v. Salomon & Co. Ltd Factories are literally death traps • The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire The war against monopoly • The Federal Trade Commission Illegal evidence is fruit of the poisonous tree • The exclusionary rule Power is the ballot • The Representation of the People Act He shall not eat who does not work • The Russian Constitution We want a peace which will be just • The Treaty of Versailles A duty of care • Donoghue v. Stevenson Deadly weapons must be regulated • The National Firearms Act From a democracy to a dictatorship • The Nuremberg Laws A NEW INTERNATIONAL ORDER • 1945–1980 New evils require new remedies • The Nuremberg trials Genocide is a violation of the laws of humanity • The Genocide Convention The architects of the better world • The United Nations and International Court of Justice A safer world • INTERPOL All are equal before the law • The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The right to liberty and security • The European Convention on Human Rights A court with unparalleled power • The European Court of Justice The sister nations have grown together • The Helsinki Treaty Let us step back from the shadows of war • The Partial Test Ban Treaty My children will not be judged by the colour of their skin • The Civil Rights Act The right to remain silent • Miranda v. Arizona The foundation of freedom, justice, and peace • The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights End the blame game • No-fault divorce The safety and welfare of witnesses • The Federal Witness Protection Program The right of a woman to decide • Roe v. Wade Nothing is more priceless than animal life • The Endangered Species Act LAW IN THE MODERN AGE • 1980–PRESENT Boundless, priceless, and threatened • The World Network of Biosphere Reserves It is to justice what the telescope is for the stars • DNA testing Empower the watchdogs of wrongdoing • The Whistleblower Protection Act Together we have overcome. Together we shall overcome • The Americans with Disabilities Act A world free of chemical weapons • The Chemical Weapons Convention To open trade for the benefit of all • The World Trade Organization When does life begin? • The Dickey–Wicker Amendment Every parent should have the right to know • Megan’s Law If creativity is a field, copyright is a fence • The WIPO Copyright Treaty The landmine does not recognize peace • The Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention Patients, not criminals • The Portuguese drug strategy Marriage should be open to all • Same-sex marriage Compassion is not a crime • Euthanasia The cause of all humanity • The International Criminal Court Doping destroys fair play • The International Convention Against Doping in Sport The battle against climate change • The Kyoto Protocol It’s sport against these people • The Match-Fixing Task Force The right to be forgotten • Google Spain v. AEPD and Mario Costeja González A free and open internet • The Open Internet Order It’s not about the money. It is about equality • Equal pay certification DIRECTORY GLOSSARY QUOTE ATTRIBUTIONS CONTRIBUTORS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS COPYRIGHT How to use this eBook Preferred application settings For the best reading experience, the following application settings are recommended: Color theme: White background Font size: At the smallest point size Orientation: Landscape (for screen sizes over 9”/23cm), Portrait (for screen sizes below 9”/23cm) Scrolling view: [OFF] Text alignment: Auto-justification [OFF] (if the eBook reader has this feature) Auto-hyphenation: [OFF] (if the eBook reader has this feature) Font style: Publisher default setting [ON] (if the eBook reader has this feature) Images: Double tap on the images to see them in full screen and be able to zoom in on them
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