The Last Stand of Asian Autonomies: Responses to Modernity in the Diverse States of Southeast Asia and Korea, 1750–1900

465 Pages·1997·60.819 MB·English

by  Anthony Reid (eds.)

THE LAST STAND OF ASIAN AUTONOMIES
STUDIES IN lHE ECONOMIES OF EAST AND SOUlH-EAST ASIA
General Editors: Peter Nolan, Lecturer in the Faculty of Economics and
Politics, University of Cambridge, and Fellow and Director of Studies in
Economics, Jesus College, Cambridge, England; and Malcolm Falkus,
Professor of Economic History, University of New England, Armidale,
New South Wales, Australia
In the last decades of the twentieth century the small and medium-sized
nalions of East and South-East Asia have begun a process of potentially
enormous political and economic transformation. Explosive growth has
occurred already in many parts of the region, and the more slowly grow
ing countries are attempting to emulate this vanguard group. Tbe impact
of the region upon the world economy has increased rapidly and is likely
to continue to do so in the future.
In order to understand better economic developments within this vast and
diverse region, this series aims to publish books on both contemporary
and historical issues. It includes works both by Western scholars and by
economists from countries within the region.
The Last Stand of Asian
Autonomies
Responses to Modernity in the Diverse
States of Southeast Asia and Korea,
1750-1900
Edited by
Anthony Reid
Professor of Southeast Asian History
Research School ofP acific and Asian Studies
Australian National University
Canberra, Australia
First published in Great Britain 1997 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-0-333-68826-7 ISBN 978-1-349-25760-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-25760-7
First published in the United States of America 1997 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-17249-7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The last stand of Asian autonomies: responses to modemity in the diverse
states of Southeast Asia and Korea, 1750-1900 / edited by
Anthony Reid.
p. cm. - (Studies in the economies of East and Southeast
Asia)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-312-17249-7 (cloth)
I. Asia, Southeastern-Economic conditions. 2. Korea-Economic
conditions. 3. Asia, Southeastern-Economic policy. 4. Korea
-Economic policy. 5. Asia, Southeastem-Politics and govemment.
6. Korea-Politics and govemment. I. Reid, Anthony, 1939-
11. Series: Studies in the economies of East and South-East Asia.
HC44I.L37 1997
330.959'04-dc20 96--46165
CIP
© Anthony Reid 1997
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with
written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting Iimited copying issued by
the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP 9HE.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to
criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in
accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and
sustained forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97
Contents
List 0/ Maps viii
List 0/ Tables ix
Pre/ace xi
List 0/ Abbreviations XlI
Notes on the Contributors XIV
Introduction
Anthony Reid
2 Mainland-Archipelagic ParalleIs and Contrasts,
c.1750-1850
Victor Lieberman 27
PART ONE ECONOMIC CHANGES
3 A New Phase of Commercial Expansion in Southeast
Asia, 1760-1840
Anthony Reid 57
4 Chinese Pioneering in Eighteenth-Century Southeast Asia
Carl A. Trocki 83
5 Agriculture as a Generator of Change in Late Choson
Korea
Hochol Lee 103
6 Peasant Drain and Abandoned Villages in the Red River
Delta between 1750 and 1850
Yumio Sakurai 133
7 Rural Monetization and Land-Mortgage Thet-kayits in
Kon-baung Burma
Teruko Saito 153
V
vi Contents
PART TWO STATE STRATEGIES
8 Adapting to Political and Economic Change: Palembang
in the late Eighteenth and early Nineteenth Centuries
Barbara Watson Andaya 187
9 Siak and Its Changing Strategies for Survival: c .1700-1870
J. Kathirithamby-Wells 217
10 The Relationship between Political Theory and Economic
Growth in Vietnam, 1750-1840
Alexander Woodside 245
11 The Myth of the Restoration: Dang-trong Influences in the
Spiritual Life of the Early Nguyen Dynasty (1802-47)
Nola Cooke 269
PART THREE NEW CONSCIOUSNESS
12 Social and Economic Developments in Eighteenth-Century
Korea
Martina Deuchler 299
13 Java: A Self-Critical Examination of the Nation and
Its History
Ann Kumar 321
14 New Kingdoms, Old Concerns: Balinese Identities in the
Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Belen Creese 345
15 'Wanderers, Robbers and Bad Folk': The Politics of
Violence, Protection and Trade in Eastern Sulawesi
1750-1850
Esther Velthoen 367
16 Lombok under the Mataram Dynasty, 1839-94
Alfons van der Kraan 389
Contents vii
PART FOUR PATTERNS OF REFORM IN THE 'LAST STAND'
17 Reform Tendencies in Nineteenth-Century Vietnam
Vu Minh Giang 411
18 History and Directionality in the Early Nineteenth-Century
Tai World
David Wyatt 425
Glossary 444
Index 447
List of Maps
1 Indigenous states of Southeast Asia, c .17 50-1900 xviii
2 Provincial structure of Late Choson Korea xix
3 Nguyen Dynasty Vietnam xx
4 Central basin of the Irrawaddy River 154
5 Palembang and Lampung 189
6 Jambi 192
7 Eighteenth-century Siak 218
8 Bali and Lombok 347
9 Sulawesi in the eighteenth century 384
10 Bali and Lombok in the nineteenth century 391
viii
List of Tables
3.1 Ship arrivals in Melaka, 1761-85 63
3.2 Ships calling at Melaka from various ports 64
3.3 Ship arrivals in Singapore, 1829-48 68
3.4 Values of three key Southeast Asian exports, 1750-1879 74
5.1 Land and population in Korea 107
5.2 Land under cultivation in Korea, 1776-1883 108
5.3 Paddy fields in Korea, 1432-1921 110
5.4 Manlland ratio in Korea, 1550-1875 112
5.5 Rice yields in Korea, 1444-1922 114
5.6 Markets in Korea, 1770-1909 119
6.1 Land holding in villages of Vu Ban 147
7.1 Distribution of thet-kayits collected 158
7.2 Assayers mentioned in thet-kayit 164
7.3 Currencies used in land transactions in Byan-gya 164
8.1 Ships arriving in Palembang, 1758-96 205
8.2 Ships departing from Palembang, 1758-96 206
9.1 Cargoes in and out of Melaka, 1784-86 229
9.2 Captains trading with Siak, 1775-85 230
17.1 Reform recommendations to Vietnamese court, 1863-87 415
17.2 Reform recommendations of Nguyen Truong To 419
ix