The Last Defenders of the Laager: Ian D. Smith and F. W. de Klerk

288 Pages·1998·1.089 MB·English

by  Dickson Mungazi

THE LAST DEFENDERS
OF THE LAAGER

THE LAST
DEFENDERS OF
THE LAAGER
Ian D. Smith
and
F. W. de Klerk
Dickson A. Mungazi
Foreword by Donald G. Baker
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Mungazi,DicksonA.
Thelastdefendersofthelaager:IanD.SmithandF.W.deKlerk
/ DicksonA.Mungazi.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0–275–96030–7(alk.paper)
1. Smith,IanDouglas,1919– . 2. Zimbabwe—Politicsand
government—1965–1979. 3. Apartheid—Zimbabwe. 4. Primeministers—
Zimbabwe—Biography. 5. DeKlerk,F.W.(FrederikWillem)
6. SouthAfrica—Politicsandgovernment—1989– 7. Apartheid—South
Africa. 8. Primeministers—SouthAfrica—Biography. I. Anti-
ApartheidMovement. II. Title.
DT2984.S65M86 1998
968.91'04'092—dc21
[B] 97–39772
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataisavailable.
Copyright(cid:1)1998byDicksonA.Mungazi
Allrightsreserved.Noportionofthisbookmaybe
reproduced,byanyprocessortechnique,withoutthe
expresswrittenconsentofthepublisher.
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:97–39772
ISBN: 0–275–96030–7
Firstpublishedin1998
PraegerPublishers,88PostRoadWest,Westport,CT06881
AnimprintofGreenwoodPublishingGroup,Inc.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
TM
Thepaperusedinthisbookcomplieswiththe
PermanentPaperStandardissuedbytheNational
InformationStandardsOrganization(Z39.48–1984).
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Edward Mazaiwana, humanitarian, educa-
tor and true son of Africa, whose contribution
to the development of Africans is invaluable.

Contents
Illustrations ix
Foreword by Donald G. Baker xi
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
Abbreviations xxi
Introduction 1
1. Beginnings of the Laager: F. W. de Klerk in the Context
of Political Leadership in South Africa 25
2. Origins of the Laager: Ian D. Smith in the Context of
Political Leadership in Colonial Zimbabwe 53
3. Cracks in the Laager: The Fall of Pieter W. Botha and
the Rise of F. W. de Klerk 79
4. Chasms in the Laager: The Fall of Edgar Whitehead and
the Rise of Ian D. Smith 107
5. F. W. de Klerk: The Man and His Mission 135
6. Ian D. Smith, the RF Policy, and Conflict from Efforts to
Defend the Laager 159
7. F. W. de Klerk and the ANC: A Meeting of the Minds 183
viii Contents
8. De Klerk and Smith as the Last Defenders of the Laager:
Summary, Conclusion, and Implications 213
Selected Bibliography 241
Index 259
Illustrations
Photo essay follows page 106
1. F. W. de Klerk with President George Bush at the White House,
September 1990
2. Cecil John Rhodes (1853–1902)
3. Nelson Mandela in prison at Robben Island
4. IanD.Smith,primeministerofcolonialZimbabwefrom1964to1979
5. The statue of J. C. Smuts in Cape Town
6. King Khumalo Lobengula of Zimbabwe
7. R.F.Botha,SouthAfricanforeignminister,F.W.deKlerk,andJames
Baker, U.S. secretary of state
8. Godfrey Huggins, prime minister of colonial Zimbabwe from 1933
to 1953
9. Soweto, South Africa, 1994
10. African children in Smith’s rural Zimbabwe, 1974
x Illustrations
11. The youth of Soweto, 1994
12. Robert G. Mugabe, president of Zimbabwe