The larvae of Patagonian species of the genus Aeshna Fabricius (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae)

12 Pages·2001·2.3 MB·English

by  Von Ellenrieder, N

Odonatologica30(4):423-434 December 1,2001
Thelarvaeof Patagonianspecies of the genus
AeshnaFabricius
(Anisoptera: Aeshnidae)
N.Von Ellenrieder
Institute deLimnología“Dr. RaúlA.Ringuelet”,C.C. 712, 1900La Plata, Argentina
e-mail:[email protected]
ReceivedMarch 16,2000/Revised andAcceptedFebruary23, 2001
Thelastlarval instar ofAeshnaabsoluta Calvert 1952andA. confusaRambur 1842,as
wellasthatofthelightformofAeshnavariegataFabricius,aredescribedforthefirsttimeand
comparedwiththeotherPatagonianlarvae ofthisgenus.Theycanbe identifiedbased on
prementumwidth/lengthratio,number ofteethoneachside oftheprementum median cleft,
shapeofprothoracicprocesses andrelativelengthoftheterminalia.
INTRODUCTION
FromPatagonia, thesouthernportion ofSouthAmerica, fiveAeshnaspecies have
beensofarrecorded:A.absolutaCalvert,A.bonariensisRambur,A. diffinisRambur,
A.confusa Ramburand,A. variegataFabricius(VON ELLENRIEDER,2001).The
larvaeofonly threeofthefiveareknown. Calvert(1956)describedthelarvaofA.
diffinisbased onexuviaefromChile.Thethird larvalinstarofA. bonariensiswas
describedby ABENANTE(1978),andRODRIGUES CAPITULO(1980)provided
abriefdescriptionforallthelarvalinstarsofthisspecies. ThelastlarvalinstarofA.
variegatawasdescribedby MUZON& VONELLENRIEDER(1997) fromlarvae
collectedinPatagonian forestenvironments.A.absolutaandA. confusa larvaeare
hereindescribed forthe first time, as wellas thelarvae ofthelight form ofA.
variegata. For thelarvae previously describeda briefredescription is provided,
including somecharacters not consideredby formerworkers.
MATERIALANDMETHODS
Specimenswererearedinlaboratory;theresultingexuviaeandthedeadlarvaewerepreservedin70%ethanol.
Theyaredepositedin theCollection ofDepartamentoCientrficoEntomologfa,MuseodeLaPlata,Argentina
424 N.vonEllenrieder
(MLP).Materialincludesextralimitalspecimens;thoseofA.confusaandA.bonariensis areentirelydescribed
basedonmaterialfromBuenosAiresprovince.Drawingsweremadewiththeaidofanetreticule.Measurements
aregiveninmm.
KEY TO LASTLARVALINSTAROF PATAGONIAN AESHNA SPECIES
1 Twosmallbluntteethoneach sideofprementum median cleft(Fig.5) A.confusa
- One smallblunttooth oneach side ofprementum mediancleft(Figs3-4) 2
2 Straightanglebetweenprothoracicapophyses,apexesblunt(Fig. 12) A.bonariensis
— Acuteanglebetweenprothoracicapophyses,apexesacute (Figs 11,13-15) 3
3 Headmaximum width 0.68-0.76mm;ratioofinnermarginlengthofinnergonapophyses/medio-ventral
segmentIXlength0.71-0.89(Tab.I) 4
— Headmaximumwidth 0.79-0.83mm;ratioofinnermarginlengthofinnergonapophyses/medio-ventral
segmentIXlengthequalto 1(Tab.I) 5
4 Ratioofwidth/lengthprementum0.91-0.97,prementummedianlobewidth2.1-2.2mm (Tab.I)
A.absolute
— Ratioofwidth/lengthprementum 0.88-0.91;prementummedianlobe width 1.9mm(Tab.I)
A.diffinis
5 Ratioofepiprocl/paraproctslength0.58-0.65,maledorsalprojectionofepiproctaslongas0.53-0.56epiproct
length(Tab. I), apexofmale dorsalprojectionofepiproctblunt(Fig.20) A.variegatalightform
— Ratioofepiproct/paraproctslength0.68-0.82,maledorsalprojectionofepiproctaslongas0.32-0.34epiproct
length(Tab.I),apexofmaledorsalprojectionofepiproctacute(Fig.19) A.variegatedarkform
AESHNAABSOLUTA CALVERT, 1952
Figures 1,3,6, 11,16,21
Material. —ARGENTINA:RioNegro,Valcheta,VertienteEa.ElRincon,620m,40°59’24”S66°40’36"W,
Muzon,vonEllenrieder &Marinoleg.,28/30-1-1999,1exuviae $(emetg.in lab.I-A-13,MLP);RamosMexia.
vertiente,500m,40°29’50"S 67°15’48"W,Muzon&Marinoleg.,30/31-1-1999,I exuviae 2(emetg.inlab.I-
-A-12,MLP);BuenosAires,BahiaBlanca,Spinellileg.,XI-1981,1exuviae cj (emetg.inlab.I-A-25, MLP);
BuenosAires,SierradelaVentana.VillaVentana,ArroyoBelisario,vonEllenrieder leg.,16-DC-1996,5exuviae:
2<J,3 2(emerg.inlab. 1-A-2/I-A-6.MLP).
Head. — 0.5-0.61 times as long as maximumwidth. Anteriorocular margin
0.63-0.84timesaslong as posteriormargin. Vertexcentralareadark,laterallywith
smallpale spots. Occiput withadark spotand7-9 dark stripes oneach sideofthe
medialline(Fig. 1).Antennae7-segmented, the third antennomere the longest.
Prementum(Fig. 3)almostaswideas long(0.91-0.97);borderofmediallobebearing
afringeofsetae andasmallblunttooth,aslong asthesetae,oneachsideofmedian
cleft. Labialpalp with a small infraapical tooth, inner margin serrated (sensu
CORBET, 1953), withoutdefineddenticles;movabletooth 1.2-1.5timesas long
aspalp innermargin.Mandibularformula(sensu WATSON, 1956,Fig. 6):
L I 2 340 a bk
R 1 234yaa'bk
Thorax. — ColourpatternasshowninFigure21.Prothoracicapophyses apexes
acute,posterioronelongerandbroaderatbasethananteriorone,cleftbetweenthem
PatagonianAeshnalarvae 425
Figs 1-2.PatagonianAeshna species, dorsalviewsofhead (Figs 1-2)and ofprementum(Figs3-6):(1,3)A.
absoluta; —(2,5)A. confusa; —(4)A.diffinis.— [Scale1mm)
an acute angle(Fig.l 1);wingpads reaching caudadabdominalsegmentIV;femora
andtibiaewithfour dorsaldiffusedarkspots.
Abdomen.— WidestonsegmentsVI-VII.Thedorsalcolourpatternofsegments
II-VIII andXcomprises two pairs ofreddish brown medialspots, dashor point-
-shaped, situatedontwodiffusedarkstripesthusleavingapale medialareabetween
them.Apair oflaterodorsalsmall dark spots between medialonesand external
margins ofsegment, one ofthem antero-extemally, theother postero-intemally.
Segment IX witha pairofanteromedialsmalldark spots. Segments II-IXwith a
submarginal eight-shaped pale spotborderedby adarkstripe(Fig. 21).Lateralspines
presenton segmentsVI-IX, theVIIIthelongest. Female gonapophyses 0.71-0.87
timesas long as segmentIX ventrallength. Ratioofcerciandepiproct/paraprocts
length0.52-0.64and0.62-0.79respectively; epiproctwithmiddorsalridgeandtwo
apical short spines; maleepiproct projection almostas wide as long (0.86-1),tip
acute;cerci, paraprocts, epiproct andmaledorsalprojection ofepiproct pale with
darktips (Fig. 16).
REMARKS.— ThelarvaofAeshnaabsolutais difficultto differentiatefromthat
ofA. diffinis. Ihave foundonly theprementumwidth/lengthratioandmediallobe
426 N.vonEllenrieder
Figs6-10.MandiblesinPatagonianAeshnaspecies.Leftcolumn:rightmandible,posteriorandinnerviews; —
rightcolumn:leftmandible,innerandposteriorviews:(6)A.absoluta; —(7)A.bonariensis; -(8)A.diffinis;
-(9)A, confusa;-do;A, variegata.- [Scale1mm]
widthto differ,however,thisisbasedononly afewspecimens andexaminationof
morespecimens mayshow this charactertobeunreliable.
AESHNABONARIENSIS RAMBUR, 1842
Figures7, 12
Material. —ARGENTINA;BuenosAires,BahfaBlanca,Spinellileg.,XI-1981,1 exuviae $(emeig.in
lab. I-A-7,MLP);LosTalas,Perez Goodwynleg.,8-X-1996, 1exuviae ? (emerg.inlab.I-A-l,MLP);same
PatagonianAeshnalarvae 427
exceptvonEllenrieder&PerezGoodwynleg.,3-XH-1997,3exuviae 9(emeig.inlab. I-A-30,1-A-34,1-A-35,
MLP);PuntaLara,vonEllenrieder leg.,2-XII-1996,1exuviae3(emerg.inlab,I-A-8,MLP);sameexcept23-
-VI-1997,1exuviae 6(emeig.inlab.I-A-36,MLP);sameexcept9-VIIl-i997, 1exuviae 9(emerg,inlab.I-
-A-24,MLP);sameexcept6-VIII-1997,1exuviae 5(emeig.inlab.I-A-26,MLP);sameexcept24-VIII-1997,
1exuviae 9(emerg.inlab. I-A-21,MLP);sameexcept8-DC-1997,1exuviae 3(emerg.inlab.I-A-29,MLP);
sameexcept ll-X-1997,1exuviae 9(emeig.inlab.l-A-28,MLP);sameexcept 14-XII-1997,1exuviae 9
(emerg.inlab,I-A-32,MLP);sameexcept29-1-1998, 1exuviae 9 (emerg.inlab. I-A-10,MLP).
Head. — 0.44-0.58timesas long as maximumwidth.Anteriorocular margin
0.59-0.77timesas long as posteriormargin. Colourpatternand antennae as forA.
absolutabutocciput witha darkspotand6-8 dark stripes on eachside of medial
line(as inFigs 1-2).Prementum0.79-0.86timesas wideas long; borderofmedial
lobe bearing afringe ofsetae andasmallblunttooth, aslong as thesetae,oneach
sideofmediancleft.Labialpalpwith asmallinfraapicaltooth,innermargin serrated
(sensu CORBET, 1953),with 19-24 denticles; movable hook 1.31-1.77times as
long as palp innermargin. Mandibularformula(Fig.7):
L 1 2340 a bk
R 1 234yaa’bk
Thorax. — Colourpatternas forA.absoluta(Fig. 21). Prothoracicapophyses
apexesblunt, posterior one longer and broaderat basethananterior one, cleft
between thema straight angle (Fig. 12); wing pads reaching caudadabdominal
segmentIV; femora with fourandtibiaewith two dorsaldark spots attheirbase
(95% ofexaminedspecimens) or femoraandtibiaewithfour dorsaldiffusedark
spots;all spots arebestdefinedon legs I.
Abdomen.— Wideston segments VI-VII. Dorsalcolourpatternas forA.
absoluta(Fig. 21).Lateral spines presenton segmentsVI-IX, theVIII andIXthe
longest. Femalegonapophyses 0.73-0.9timesaslongas segmentIX ventrallength.
Ratioofcerci andepiproct/ paraproctslength 0.45-0.6and0.62-0.77respectively;
epiproctwithamiddorsalridge andtwo apicalshortspines; maleepiproctprojection
almostas wide as long (0.95-1.09), tipblunt;cerci, paraprocts, epiproct andmale
dorsalprojection ofepiproct pale withdarktips.
REMARKS. - The larvaofA. bonariensis differs fromall theotherPatagonian
larvaeby itsbluntprothoracic apophyses andorthogonal cleftbetweenthem.
AESHNADIFFINIS RAMBUR, 1842
Figures 4,8, 13,17
Material. —ARGENTINA:Neuquen,Pulmari,Podestaleg.,1-1997,1exuviae 3(emeig.inlab.I-A-ll,
MLP);RioNegro,ElBolson,Marinoleg.,28-XI-1999, 1exuviae 9 (emerg.in lab.I-A-43,MLP).
Head. — 0.57-0.6 times as long as maximumwidth.Anteriorocular margin
0.64-0.8 timesas long as posterior margin. Colourpattern and antennae as forA.
absoluta(asinFig. 1).Prementum(Fig.4)almostaswideaslong(0.88-0.91); border
ofmediallobebearing afringeofsetae andasmallblunttooth,as longasthe setae.
428 N,vonEllenrieder
oneachsideofmediancleft.Labialpalpwithasmallinfraapical tooth,innermargin
serrated(sensuCORBET, 1953),withoutdefineddenticles; movabletooth 1.5-1.6
timesas long as palp innermargin. Mandibularformula(Fig. 6):
L 1 2 340 a bk
R 1 234yaa’bk
Thorax. — Colourpatternas showninFigure 21. Prothoracicapophyses apexes
acute,posterioronelonger andbroaderatbasethananteriorone, cleftbetweenthem
an acute angle(Fig.13);wing padsreaching caudadabdominalsegmentIV;femora
andtibiaewithtwo,threeor fourdorsaldiffusedark spots, or withoutspots.
Abdomen. — Widest onsegmentsVI-VII. Dorsal colourpattern as forA.
absoluta(Fig. 21). Lateral spines presenton segments VI-IX, the VIIIandIX the
longest. Femalegonapophyses 0.86timesaslong as segmentIX ventrallength. Ratio
ofcerciandepiproct/paraproctslength0.52-0.54and0.62-0.7respectively; epiproct
withamiddorsalridge andtwo apical shortspines;maleepiproct projection almost
as wide as long (0.89), tip acute; cerci, paraprocts, epiproct and male dorsal
projection ofepiproctpale withdark tips.
REMARKS. — Although CALVERT(1956) didnot rear the larvaeon which he
basedhisdescription,they werelikelyA.diffinis,becausethisistheonlyNeureclipa
species recorded from that area (Valparaiso, Angol and Malleco, see VON
ELLENRIEDER,2000) andbecausethe measurements he mentionedagreewith
thoseofthespecimens reared inthepresentwork.
AESHNA CONFUSA RAMBUR, 1842
Figures 2, 5,9, 14, 18,22
Material.—ARGENTINA,BuenosAires,PuntaLara,vonEllenrieder&PerezGoodwynleg.,9-VI-
-1997,1exuviae V(emerg.inlab.I-A-27.MLP);sameexcept9-VUI-1997,lexuviae 5(emerg.inlab.I-A-33,
MLP);sameexcept21-IX-1997,1larva S (MLP);sameexcept 17-X-1997,1larva 6 (MLP);LosTalas,Perez
Goodwynleg., 17-X-1997, 1 larva, 2exuviae 5(emerg.inlab. I-A-22,1-A-23, MLP);sameexcept,von
Ellenrieder&Perez Goodwynleg.,3-XII-1997,1exuviae 3(emerg.inlab.I-A-31,MLP).
Head. — 0.58-0.69timesas long as maximumwidth.Anteriorocular margin
0.66-0.76timesaslongas posterior margin.DorsalcolourpatternasforA.absolute
(Fig. 2). Prementum(Fig. 5)almostas wideas long (0.75-0.78); borderofmedial
lobe bearing afringeofsetae andtwo small blunt teeth, as long as the setae, on
eachside ofmediancleft.Labialpalp withasmall infraapicaltooth, innermargin
serrated(sensuCORBET, 1953),with 17-23smalldenticles; movabletooth1.48-
-2.05timesas long as palp innermargin. Mandibularformula(Fig.6):
L 1 2 340 a bk
R1234yaa’bk
Thorax. — Colourpatternas showninFigure 22. Prothoracicapophyses (Fig.
14)as inA. diffinis\wing padsreaching caudadabdominalsegmentsIV-V; femurI
withthree,tibiaIwithtwodarkannularbandsatbasal0.30;similarbutmorediffuse
PatagonianAeshnalarvae 429
Figs 11-20.PatagonianAeshna species, dorsalviews ofleftprothoracicapophyses (Figs 11-15)and ofmale
terminalia (Hgs 16-20):(11,16)Aabsolute',—(12)A.bonariensis; “(13,17)A.diffinis;—(14,18)A.conjusa'.
- (15,19-20)A. variegata,19:darkform,20:lightform.— [Scale 1mm]
patternpresenton legsII and III.
Abdomen.— Widest on segments VI-VII.Dorsal colourpattern as forA.
absolutabut withoutdarkspotson segmentIX(Fig. 22).Lateral spines presenton
segmentsVI-IX,theVIIIandIXthelongest. Femalegonapophyses 0.95-1timesas
long as segmentIX ventral length. Ratioofcerci andepiproct/ paraprocts length
0.52-0.7and0.73-0.9respectively; epiproct withamiddorsalridge andtwo apical
short spines; maleepiproct projection almostas wideas long (0.93-1), tip blunt;
cerci, paraprocts,epiproct andmaledorsalprojection ofepiproct palewithdarktips.
remarks. — Aeshnaconfusa is easily identifiedby thetwo bluntteethon each
sideoftheprementummedianlobe cleftandthegreaterconvexity oftheanterior
marginofmedianlobe(Fig. 5).
AESHNA VARIEGATA FABRICIUS, 1775
Figures 10,15,19-20
Material. —Darkform:ARGENTINA:SantaCruz,LagodelDesierto,mallfn3kmextremeSur,49°0.5’S
72°54’W,Spinelli&Bassoleg.,Xl-1996,1exuviaeS (emerg,inlab.I-A-9,MLP);P.N.LosAlerces,Intendencia,
Muzdnleg,,3T-1986, 1exuviae<J (emerg.inlab.I-A-20,MLP);CHILE:deLosLagosregion,Palena,Lago
Lonconao,caminoaFutaleufifcharca,430m,Muzdnleg.,17-1-1995,1exuviae 2(emerg.inlab. I-A-40,MLP);
Aisen,P.N.Queulat,charcaconmallm,Muzdnleg.,25-1-1995,3exuviae6 (emerg.inlab.I-A-4I/I-A-43,MLP);
Araucanta,Malleco, CordilleradeNahuelbuta, caminoPiedradelAguila-Cayucupil,vertienteycharco,643m,
37°48T5"S72°52’2"W, vonEllenrieder leg.,3-11-1999, 1 exuviae 2(emerg.inlab. I-A-38,MLP). —Light
form:ARGENTINA:RioNegro,RamosMexia,vertiente,500m,40°29’50''S 67°15’48''W,Muzdn &Marino
leg.,30/31-1-1999,1exuviae 2(emerg.inlab.I-A-17,MLP), 1exuviae6 (emerg.inlab.I-A-39,MLP);Ayo.El
Cam,caminoaRucaChoroy, 1060m,41°43’38"S 68°10’42”W,Muzdn& Marinoleg.,3TI-1999, 1exuviae
2 (emerg.inlab.l-A-15,MLP);Rincon deComi-Cd,vertientesyarroyo, 1000m,41°8’35"S67°27’35"W,
Muzdn&Marinoleg.,31/1-1/11-1999, 1exuviae 6 (I-A-16,MLP),
430 N.vonEllenrieder
Head. — 0.62-0.67times as long as maximumwidth.Anteriorocular margin
0.66-0.8times as long as posterior margin.Dorsalcolourpattern and antennae as
forA.absoluta(asinFig. 1).Prementumalmostaswideaslong (0.85-0.89); border
ofmediallobebearingafringeofsetae andasmallblunttooth,as longas thesetae,
oneachsideofmediancleft.Labialpalp withasmallinfraapicaltooth,innermargin
serrated(sensuCORBET, 1953), without defineddenticles; movabletooth 1.33-
1.5 timesas long as palp innermargin. Mandibularformula(Fig. 6):
L 1 2340 a bk
R1234yaa’bk
Thorax. — Colourpatternas inA. absoluta(Fig.21). Prothoracic apophyses
as forA. absoluta(Fig. 10); wing pads reaching caudadabdominalsegment IV;
femoraandtibiaewithfourdorsaldiffusedarkspots.
Abdomen.— WidestonsegmentsVI-VII.ColourpatternasforA. absoluta(Fig.
21). Lateral spines present on segments VI-IX, the VIII the longest. Female
gonapophyses as long as segment IX ventral length. Ratioof cerciand epiproct/
paraproctslength0.56-0.62and0.58-0.68respectively; epiproctwithamiddorsalridge
andtwo apical shortspines; maleepiproct projection almostas wideas long (0.86-1),
tipblunt;cerci, paraprocts, epiproct andmaledorsalprojection ofepiproct pale with
darktips (Fig.20).
remarks. — SANTOS (1966)describedthelastlarvalinstarofaspecies fromBrejo
daLapa,RiodeJaneiro(Brazil), determinedasA.peralta.MUZON&VONELLEN-
RIEDER(1997) pointed out differencesbetweenthe description ofthislarvaandthat
ofA. variegata. Exami-
nationofadultsfromthe
samelocality, determined
as A.peralta by Santos,
revealedthepresenceofa
thirdHesperaeschna spe-
cies, to which the larva
describedbyhimbelongs.
Adults hatching from
larvae collected in
Patagonian steppe and
forest environments
showed corresponding
colourpatternsand wing
venation of either the
light or dark form res-
pectively (VONELLEN-
RIEDER, 2001). Some
differencesbetween the
Figs21-22. Dorsalgeneralview:(21)Aeshnaabsoluta;- (22).A.confusa.
larvaearealso found:A. —[Scale2mm]
PatagonianAeshnalarvae 431
variegata larvaecollected inthe steppe are generally smaller thatthose from the
forest although measurements partially overlap (Tab. I). They differinepiproct/
paraproctlength andtheratioofmaledorsalprojectionofepiproct/epiproctlength,
as wellas inthe shapeofmaleepiproctprojection apex,bluntinthelightformand
acute inthedarkform(Figs 19-20).
Thelarva ofA. variegata shareswith that ofA. confusa thegreaterheadand
prementum widthand gonapophyses/ segment IX length ratiovalues, but differs
fromitby thepresenceofasingle toothoneachside ofprementummediancleft.
FEATURES OFLASTLARVAL INSTARPATAGONIANAESHNA SPECIES
Inbraquets:numberofspecimens;— insquarebrackets:range; —R: afterRODRIGUESCAPITULO, 1980;
- c: afterCALVERT, 1956.
FFeeaattuurree aabbssoolluuttaa bboonnaarriieennssiiss ddiiffffiinniiss ccoonnffuussaa vvaarriieeggaattaa vvaarriieeggaattaa
lliigghhttffoorrmm ddaarrkkffoorrmm
HHeeaaddlleennggtthh 44..22((88)) 33..99((1144)) 44.33((22)) 55.3322((88)) 55..22((44)) 55..0033 ((55))
[[33..88--44..S5]] [[3333--44..44]] [[44..2255--44..3355]] [[44..22--55..SS]] [[55--55..55]] [[44..77--SS..66]]
[[44..9911--55..2244]]cc
HHeeaaddmmaaxx.. 77..4477((88)) 77..3355((1144)) 77..33((22)) 77..5522((88)) 88..22((44)) 88..11((55))
wwiiddtthh [[77.33--77..66]] [[66..99--77..77]] [[77..22--77..44]] [[66..66--88..11]] [[88--88..33]] [[77..99--8833]]
[[66..66--77..22]]RR [[66..8877--77..3366]]cc
99 aanntt..//ppoosstt.. 00..8822((55)) 00..6677 ((1122)) 00..6644((11)) 00..6699 ((55)) 00..7733 ((22)) 00..7711 ((11))
ooccuullaarrmmaarrggiinn [[00..88--00..8844]] [[00..5599--00..7777]] [[00..6666--00..7744]] [[00..6666--00..88]]
SSaanntLV/ppoosstt.. 00..6633 ((33)) 00..7755((22)) 00..88((11)) 00..7733((33)) 00..6699((22)) 00..7711((44))
ooccuullaarrmmaarrggiinn [[00..6633--00..6644]] [[00..7711--00..7766]] [[00..6688--00..77]] [[00..6677--00..7755]]
PPrreemmeennttuumm 44..6688((88)) 44..8855 ((1144)) 44..8822((22)) 55..3322((88)) 55..44((44)) 55..33((55))
lleennggtthh [[44..4455--55]] [[44..55--SS..22]] [[44..7755--44..99]] [[55..2255--55..77]] [[55..11--55..66]]
PPrreemmeennttuumm 44..5555((88)) 44..0055((1144)) 443.355((22)) 44..2211((88)) 44..7722((44)) 55..0077((55))
mmaaxx.,wwiiddtthh [[44..2255--44..77]] [[33..77--4433]] [[44..22--44.S5]] [[44--44..33]] [[44..55--55]] [[44..77--SS..22]]
[[44-44..0099]]cc
LLaabbiiaallppaallpp 11..5522((88)) 11..4499((1144)) 11..6622((22)) 11..77((88)) 11..7711((44)) 22((55))
ttooootthhlleennggtthh [[11..44-11..6655]] [[11..44-11..66]] [[11..55--11..7755]] [[11..66--11..7755]] [[11..66--11..88]] [[1I..88--22..22]]
[[11..11--1133]]RR [[11..2233--11..6644]]cc
WWiiddtthhiinnnneerr 11..1133((88)) 00..9966((1144)) 11..0055((22)) 11((88)) 11..1177((44)) 11..1188((55))
mmaarrggiinnllaabb..ppll.. [[11..11--11..22]] [[00..8855--11..11]] [[11--11..11]] [[00..8855--11..1155]] [[11..11--11..22]] [[11..11--1133]]
PPrreemmeennttuumm 22..1177 ((88)) 11..8844((1144)) 11..99((22)) 11..9988((88)) 22..0022((44)) 22..2211 ((55))
mmeedd..lloobbeewwiiddtthh[[22..11--22..22]] [[11..66--22]] [[11..8855--22..1155]] [[11..99--22..11]] [[22--22..44]]
TTeeeetthhpprreemm.. 11 11 11 22 111I
432 N. vonEllenrieder
FFeeaattuurree aabbssoolluuttaa bboonnaarriieennssiiss ddiiffffiinniiss ccoonnffuussaa vvaarriieeggaattaa vvaarriieeggaattaa
lliigghhttffoorrmm ddaarrkkffoorrmm
AAnngglleepprrooLLaapp.. aaccuuttee ssttrraaiigghhtt aaccuuttee aaccuuttee aaccuuttee aaccuuttee
AAppeexxpprrooLt.aapp.. aaccuuttee bblluunntt aaccuuttee aaccuuttee aaccuuttee aaccuuttee
IInnnneerrwwiinnggppaadd 77..0022((88)) 66..8877((1144)) 66..8822((22)) 66..7788((88)) 77..4477((44)) 77..3366((55))
lleennggtthh [[6633--77..55]] [[66..66--77..11]] [[66..88--66..8855]] [[66..55--77..1155]] [[7733--77..88]] [[66..77--77.J7]]
OOuutteerrwwiinnggppaadd 66..3333((88)) 66..1166((1144)) 66..1122((22)) 55..77((88)) 66..77((44)) 66,.7766((55))
lleennggtthh [[S5..55--66..99]] [[SS..99--66..44]] [[66--66..2255]] [[44..99--66..2255]] [[66..55--77]] [[66--77..33]]
FFeemmuurrII 33..4411((88)) 33..3311((1144)) 33..5522((22)) 33..5566((88)) 33..6622((44)) 33..9988((55))
lleennggtthh [[33--33..77]] [[33--33..66]] [[33..55--33..5555]] [[33..4455--33..77]] [[33..66-33..S8]] [[33..77-34.33]]
33..22RR
FFeemmuurrD11 44..66((88)) 44..4488((1144)) 44..55((22)) 44,.5555((88)) 44..88((44)) 55..3377((55))
lleennggtthh [[44..22--55]] [[44..22--44..66]] [[44..2255--44..88]] [[44..55--55]] [[44..99-3S..66]]
44RR
FFeemmuurrfIIfIl 55..66((88)) 55..5588((1144)) 55..55((22)) 55,,5511((88)) 55..7788((44)) 66..9988((55))
lleennggtthh [144.7.755--66..22]] [[55..11--55..99]] [[S5..44--55..66]] [[S5..44-35..77]] [[55..66--66..0055]] [[66..11--77..66]]
55..22RR
TTiibbiiaaIIlleennggtthh 44,,1155((88)) 44.,0066((1144)) 44..11((22)) 44..2266((88)) 44..4466((44)) 44..7788((55))
[[33..77--44..SS]] [[33..77--4433]] [[33..S8--44..44]] [[44..11--44..55]] [[44..44--44..5SJ] [[44--55..22]]
33..88RR
TTiibbiiaaIIIIlleennggtthh 44..3388((88)) 44..33((1144)) 44..1155((11)) 44..6611((88)) 44..7711((44)) 55..11((55))
[[44--44..66]] [[33..99--44..66]] [[44--44..33]] [[44..3355-34..77]] [[44.,4455--44..88]] [[44..66-3S..44]]
44..11RR
TTiibbiiaaIiInIlleennggtthh 55..33((88)) 55..1177((1144)) 55..2255((22)) 55..0077((88)) 55..8822((44)) 66..4422((55))
[[55..11--55..88]] [[44..77--55..SS]] [[55..22--5533]] [[55..3355--55..77]] [[55..66--66]] [[S5..44-37..22]]
44..88RR
SSeegg..VVIIlleennggtthh 22..4466((88)) 22..8833((1144)) 22..66((22)) 22..5599((88)) 22..6633((44)) 33..0066((55))
[[22..22--22..66]] [[22..S5--33..22]] [[22..44-32..S8]] [[22..22-33..22]] [[22..55-3Z.77]] [[22..88--3333]]
SSeegg..VVIIIIlleennggtthh 22..4433((88)) 22..6622((1144)) 22..77((22)) 22..55((88)) 22..5566((44)) 33..11((55))
[[2233--22..55]] [[22..33--33]] [[22,,44--33]] [[22..11--33]] [[22..55-32..66]] [[22.37--33.44]]
SSeegg..Vvmmlleennggtthh 22..1122((88)) 22..2222((1144)) 22..2222((22)) 22..22((88)) 22..3366((44)) 22..7722((55))
[[11..99--2233]] [[11..88--22..55]] [[22..1155--22..33]] [[11..99--22..55]] [[22..22--22..S5]] [[22..66--33..11]]
SSeegg..DIXClleennggtthh 11..77((88)) 11..77((1144)) 11..77((22)) 11..7744((88)) 11..7777((44)) 22..2222((55))
[[11..66--11..88]] [[11..11--22]] [[11..6655--11..99]] [[11..66--11..99]] [[22--22..44]]
SSeegg..XXlleennggtthh 11..0055((88)) 11..0077((1144)) 11..1122((22)) 11..1188((88)) 11..22((44)) 11..2288((55))
[[00..7755--11..22]] [[00..88--11..22]] [[11--11..2255]] [[00..8855--11,,44]] [[11..11--1133]] [[11..22--11..44]]