The language of the Salinan Indians

165 Pages·1918·8.603 MB·English

by  John Alden Mason

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS
IN
AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY
Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 1-154 January 10, 1918
THE LANGUAGE
OF THE SAL1NAN INDIANS
BY
ALDEN MASON
J.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY
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INDEX*
Agates, 376. Cardium, 280.
Agua Caliente Indians. See Cupefio Charmstones, 255.
Indians. Chert, formation in Humboldt bay
Alaska Indians, culture of, 368. region, 279; implements of, 357,
Algonkin linguistic stock, 250-251. 359, 360, 361, 375.
Arcata, California, 248. Chilula Indians, 251-253; the "Arrow
Archaeology of the Wiyot Territory, Tree," 252.
sites or deposits, 255, 256-257, Chukchansi Indians, 216.
258, 260-261, 275-281; classes of Chumash Indians, 216.
remains, 279-281; illustrations of, Chunut Indians, 216.
opp. 414, 416, 424, 428. Clan names; Luiseno, 203; of women:
Gunther island shellmound (site Piman, 176, 219; Shoshonean
67), 337-386, 352; environment, (Serrano), 180; Yuman, 157-161,
337; size, shape, composition, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 219.
339-345; vertebrate remains, 345; Clans and Moieties in Southern Cali-
age, 347; human remains, 350; fornia, 155-219; Indian inform-
material culture, 357. ants on, 164, 166, 167, 172, 176,
Arrow tree, 252, 253; picture of, opp. 187, 192, 209 note, 211.
410. day, objects of, 377-380.
Artifacts of the Wiyot Indians, 280, Clowns, in Indian dance ceremonies,
387-392. See also Implements. 457.
Athapascan Indians, 251-256; plant Composition of Gunther Island shell-
names, 234; geographical names, mound, 339-344, 346. See also
284, 285, 290-292. Gunther island.
Barrett, S. A., 437. Copper, 242.
Basketry, 386. Cocopa Indians, 156, 216; clans of,
"Battle-grounds," Indian, 257. 158, 159-161; women's clan
Beads, use of, by Wiyot Indians, 386. names, 162, 163, 164, 165; clan
Bear shamans, 209-211. customs, 166; totem beliefs, 166.
Blue Lake, Indian settlements near, Colorado river Indian tribes, 156,
263-265.
215, 216.
Bodega, Spanish explorer, 241.
BBouncek,spoobrjte,ctCsaloiff,or3n8i2a-,38244.8. CCoruelmtaetri,on5., 347, 353.
Burials, Indian, 254, 350, 351-353, Culture, material, of Indians in Wiyot
Cahui3l6l7a-3I6n8d,ia3n8s6., tSoeteemaslsoof,Cr1e6m9a,ti1o7n0., ATretrirfiatcotrsy;, Im3p5l7e-m3e92n.ts; NSeaemesalosfo
186; clan and moiety organiza- materials, etc.
tion, 186-188, 215, 216, 219; Cupeno Indians, 170; clan and moiety
myths, 188; list ofclans, 189-191. organization, 192-199, 216; to-
California, aboriginal population, esti- tems, 192, 193; clans and parties
mates, 298-305; treatment of, of, 193-195; ceremonies and cus-
308-311, 317-329, 334-337; reser- toms, 196-198; myths, 199-201.
vbaytitohnesywshtietme,s31i1n-3118660;,ma3s2s9a-c33r4e.s Curticsi,teEd.aSn.d, aqucoktneodwloendgPmiemnta,n 1c5l7a;n
See also under Indian and names system, 174-176.
ofIndian tribes. Dances (dance ceremonies), 174, 196,
Moieties, clans, and totems in, 215- 208, 213, 268, 269, 282, 461, 462,
219; map showing locations of, 464, 472; ceremonial objects,
opp. 215; varieties of moiety or- 441-442; Tuya dances, 447, 454,
ganization, 215; distribution of 457, 460; Moki dance, 451; sweat
clan organization, four groups, dances, 454, 461; Toto dance
216, 217; affinity and ultimate songs, 481. See also Orations;
origin of, 218; problem of totem- Wintun Indians.
ism, 219. de la Cuesta, A., 5.
*Univ. Calif. Publ. Am. Arch. Ethn., XIV.
[503]
Index
Diegueno Indians, 156; clan features vertebrate remains, 345; age,
of, 167, 216; list of clans of, 167- 347; .human remains, 350; mate-
168, 174; clan customs, 168-169; rial culture, 357.
culture and origin myth of the Hale, N., 5.
Southern Diegueno, 169-172. Harrington, J. P., acknowledgment,
Northern Diegueno, clans, 172-173; 157.
clan customs, 173. Henshaw, H. W., 5.
Dixon, E. B., 5. Hesi ceremony. See Wintun Hesi
Dixon and Kroeber, cited, 250. ceremony.
Drake, Francis, 241. Hokan family of Indian languages, 5.
Eel river, Indian settlements on, 271- Hopi Indians, 219.
272. Horn, objects of, 380-381.
Emeryville, shellmound, 347. Hudson Bay Company, 247.
Ethnobotany of Humboldt bay re- Human remains in shellmounds, 350.
gion, 231-235; Wiyot plant names Human sacrifice among Indians, 368,
and uses, 232; Athapascan plant 372.
EEEutxrhoengtknSooafhaeagm,ee,meye2o,as6gIWl,6nsri1-oda6y226ip36oW,a4h9ti.n.y1y6o7avT,tienlrd1lrT6aie9Agt,rerorscr1iyh7t,3oan,reeyoa1.2lr727o1,g-ty41o37w6o8n.,f HHuummbb222deoo382aill008ra;;;dldnyttepptmsrbhbhaeaayaintypsryot,iibleoooedr,gfmtie,reags2annico3ptoyop0hns,pv;y,.e,2rIo342ynn1022,6;d6o2.fi-6,da2;2i4n26s849fc,5to-or;r2va2ei7e7Isl1r9nts;y-,,-
Faunf21ai85s01h,o;,f1m28H36au7,mm;mb1a9om3ll,osdl,2lt1u3s2b.k3as5y,; rb2ei3gr9id;osn,,o2t23h37e5;r- HHuusmtbeaonnladdtets,etcitstlhyee,mlel2n7mt0o,.un24d1.described by
fauna, 240. Schumacher, 349, 352, 354, 356.
Ferrelo, Spanish explorer, 241. Implements of the Wiyot Indians,
Flint3,602,563;61i;mpillelmuestnrtastedo,f,o3p5p8., 432509,, India2n80,Co3m5m7i-s3s7i5o.ners for California,
422; in Gunther island shell- 1851, report of, 298; various esti-
mound, 376. mates of its members as to abo-
Gabrielino Indians, 216. riginal population, 299-301.
Gambling songs, Indian, 483, 484. Indian ceremonial systems, 438, 440.
GGeansehtoiwcuRIenldaitainosn,sh2i1p6.of the North WSeientaulsnoIWnidniatnusn. Hesi ceremony;
AmericanIndianLanguages, 489- Indian languages, Hokan, and Isko-
l5i0s2t;ofealrilnyguissttuidciesstocokf,s i4n89N-o4r9t0;h 5m.an,Seegraoluspos,Ge5n;etvioccaEeblualtairoinesshiopf,,
America, 490; fundamental re- . etc.; Salinan Indians, Language
semblances, morphological, 490- of.
491; with reference to specific Indian reservation system in Cali-
gtreascttesd,,449912;; tehtrheneolsougbigcraolupcsonssiudg-- "IndfioarnniaW,a3r1s1-"316in. California, 309-
erations, 492; data demonstrat- 311.
ing, 493-502. Iron, 242.
Geographical names used by Indians: ''Iskoman'' group, of Indian lan-
Athapascan, 284, 285, 290-292; guages, 5.
Yurok, 297-298; Wiyot, 284-285, Juaneno Indians, 216.
286-290, 292-296. Kamia Indians, clan names, 158, 159,
Geology of the Humboldt bay region, 161, 162, 164, 167.
279-280. Kawaiisu Indians, 216.
GGGilofedfndoarrdC,dov,Ee.,P.Ws.Eh,.e,l1lc5mi5ot.uedn,d,25354,7.264. KKolahmu1aa6t2n.ha rIinvderi,an2s4,8.clan names, 156-
Gould and Yates, 5.
GGuunntt23hh63ee87rr,-3ii8s2s6l8la;3an,ndde,n3msv5ah2ise;rlsolanmacmorreucennhtdoa,n,e,os2l2i2oz65eg3,,,y22a66on86fd.,, ' LKKirrnoodeesb2bee8eyr2r,;,aWaAn.c.dknEDL.oi.,,wxolne5i;,dtegdEmc,.ietn2Be5t.d,9,,.ci21t55e05d,,, 212556079..,
shape, 337; composition, 339; Loud, L. L., 221.
[504]
Index
Luiseno Indians, non-totemic, 201; Powers, S., cited, 253, 254, 256.
organization, 201-202, 216; clan Quartz, 376.
names, 202, 203-205; parties, 206- Eadin, P., 489.
208, 212; customs, 208-212, 213; Eussell, F., cited and quoted, on Pima
bear shamans, 209-211; myths, clan system, 174, 176.
212; individual names, 214. Eussians, The, on the Pacific Coast,
McKee expedition of 1851, 298-300, 245.
301. Salinan Indians, TheLanguageofthe,
Macoma nasuta, 280. 1-154; early work on, 4-6; In-
Mad river, Wiyot Indian settlements dian informants, 4; dialect of, 6;
on, 258-263. phonology, 7-17; morphology, 18-
Mad river slough, Wiyot Indian set- 58; texts, 59-120; vocabulary,
tlements on, 265-266. 121-154. See also pages 1-3.
Maidu Indians, ceremonial dance sys- Sandstone, 376; implements, 361-375,
tem, 440; ceremonial clown, 457. 379.
Maricopa Indians, clan names, 156- San Francisco bay, shellmounds, 245.
162. Sapir, E., 5.
Mason, J. Alden, 1. Saxidomus, 280.
Massacres of, 1860, 270, 272, 274, 329- Schizothaerus, 280.
334; at Gunther island, 263, 268. Schumacher, Paul, cited, 349.
Matthole Indians, 256. Sequoia sempervirens, 228.
Maurelle, cited, 245. Serrano Indians, 170; clan andmoiety
Miwok moieties, 176, 215; clan names, organization, 178-182, 216, 219;
202; personal names, 219. totems, 178; clan names, 179-180;
Mohave Indians, clans of, 156-161; clan customs, 180-182; myths,
women's clan names, 164-165; 182-186.
clan organization, 216. Shamans, bear, 209-211.
Moieties, and Clans, of Southern Cali- Shell, objects of, 384-386; figures
fornia^ 155-219. showing, 385.
Moki, ceremonial dance, cloak for, Shellmounds. See Emeryville; Glen
442; the dance, 451; speeches, Cove; Gunther island; San Fran-
476-479. cisco bay.
Mono moiety organization, 215. Shoshonean Indians, 155, 167, 168,
Mythology (mythological interest), 170.
myths, amongthe Wiyot Indians, Shoshonean clans and moieties, 177-
281-284; among the Athapascan 214. See also Cahuilla Indians;
Indians, 283, 284. Cupeno Indians; Luiseno Indians;
Mytilus californianus, 280. Serrano Indians.
edulis, 280. Siliqua patula, 280.
Nongatl Indians, 255. Sinkyone Indians, 256.
Nutunutu Indians, 216. Sitjar, Fray Buenaventura, 5.
Obsidian in Humboldt bay region, Slave-killers, 366-375; figures of, 371,
243, 280, 376; ceremonial blades, 373, opp. 430.
knives, etc., 357, 358, 359, 360, Slavery among the Indians, 366-367,
361; illustrated, opp. 420. 368.
Ophthalmia among Wiyot Indians, Sparkman, P. S., acknowledgment,
278. 203.
Orations, in Indian dance ceremonies, Steatite, 376.
452, 460, 462, 465, 473, 475-482 Surf-fishing sites, 278-281.
(Bole Ho), 476. Sweat dances, 454-461.
Papago Indians, totemic clans in, Tachi Indians, 216.
174-177; clan names, 219. Taylor, A. S., 5.
Paphia, 280. Telamni Indians, 216.
Pestles, sandstone, 361-363; figures Totemic Indian clans, 155, 156-161,
of, 389. 163, 164, 166, 169, 170, 174-176,
Pima Indians, totemic clans of, 174- 177.
176; clan names, 219. Totemism, in California, origin, 219;
Piman clans. See Papago Indians; development of, in moiety organ-
Pima Indians. ization, 219; expressed in names
Porno Indians, ceremonial clowns of, of individuals, 219.
457. Toto ceremony of the Wintun Indians,
Powell, J. W., 5. 438, 439.
[505]
Index
Trinidad bay, 242; Spanish accounts Wiyot house, description of, 264, 267;
of Indians on, 242-243; English figures showing, 267.
accounts of Indians on, 244-245; Wiyot Indians, leading men of, 260;
discovery and accounts of, by gold ophthalmia among, 278; estimates
seekers, 247-248. of population, 298-305, 392.
Tiibatulabal Indians, 216. Wiyot Territory, Ethnogeography
Tuya, ceremonial dance, 447, 454, 460; and Archaeology of, 221-436;
costumes, 446, 447. boundaries, 249; Indian neigh-
Vancouver, George, English explorer, bors, 249-256; map of, opp. 402.
244. Ethnogeography, 256-337; descrip-
Vertebrate remains in Gunther island tion of settlements, 258-285;
shellmound, 345-346. archaeological sites, 275; sites for
Vizcaino, 241. surf-fishing, 278; places of mytho-
Vocabularies of Indian languages, 5. logical interest, 281; geographical
Waterman, T. T., 5. names: Wiyot, 286, 292; Atha-
Wechikhit Indians, 216. pascan, 290; Yurok, 297; aborig-
Whilkut Indians, 253-255. inal population, 298. See also
Winship, Captain J., discovery of Archaeology of the Wiyot Ter-
Humboldt bay, 245-247. ritory.
Wintun Hesi Ceremony, 437-488; In- Yates and Gould, 5.
dian information, 440; detailed Yokut moiety organization, 215, 219;
4gd4aes1mc-er4,i8p42t8;i2o.tnheoS"feehcaaelnrsdeom"Doaonnryce"osfg;ra1W9si0sn6'-,' YumalwaocmkIenodnfi,a'snins,cclearnctlaaninnasmpeeosof,p,le1s16,526,2-11616.613;,
tun Indians. 164, 165, 167; clan organization,
Wintun Indians, territory, languages, 216.
culture relationship, mortuary cus- Yuman clans, features common to,
toms, 438; ideas regarding the 156. See also Cocopa Indians;
world, 463; "hand" or "grass" Kamia Indians; Kohuana In-
game, 482. dians; Maricopa Indians; Mohave
Ceremonial system, 438-441; major Indians; Yuma Indians. See also
ceremonies, Toto and Hesi, pur- Clan names of women.
pose of, 438; relative importance, Yurok Indians, early Spanish accounts
439; minor ceremonies, 439; of, 242-243; settlements of, 249-
dances, 439; assemblies, 439; 250; social relations with Wiyot
Toto ceremony, 439-440. Indians, 250; linguistic relations,
Wiyot geographical names, 284-285, 250-251; geographical names, 297,
286-290, 292, 296. 298; burial customs, 353.
[506]
CONTENTS
NUMBER 1. The Language of the Salinan Indians, J. Aides Mason, pages 1-154.
NUMBER 2. Clans and Moieties in Southern California, Edward Winslow Gifford,
pages 155-219.
NUMBER 3. Ethnogeography and Archaeology of the Wiyot Territory, Llewellyn
L. Loud, pages 221-436, plates 1-21.
NUMBER 4. The Wintun Hesi Ceremony, S. A. Barrett, pages 437-488, plates
22-23.
NUMBER 5. The Genetic Relationship of the North American Indian Languages,
Paul Eadin, pages 489-502.