The language and style of mass media: educational manual

172 Pages·2020·1.598 MB·English

by  Тапанова С.Е.

AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Z.Kh. Salkhanova
S.E.Tapanova
THE LANGUAGE AND STYLE
OF MASS MEDIA
Educational manual
Stereotypical publication
Almaty
«Qazaq University»
2020
1
UDC 070
LBC 76.01
S 17
Recommended for publication by the decision
of the Academic Council
of the Faculty of Philology and World Languages,
Editorial and Publishing Council
of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
(Protocol №6 dated 04.05.2018)
Reviewers:
Doctor of philology, professor L.V. Safronova
Doctor of philology, professor B.U. Dzholdasbekova
Salkhanova Z.Kh., Tapanova S.E.
S 17 The language and style of mass media: educational
manual / Z.Kh. Salkhanova, S.E. Tapanova. – Ster. pub. –
Almaty: Qazaq Univer-sity, 2020. – 171 p.
ISBN 978-601-04-3558-2
It is shown general information about style and language of educational
methodology of press. The ability of making sense in newspaper materials’
differentiating and style’s peculiarities. As well as language they look
through the structure of the style.
This studying book for students of journalism faculty are devoted to the
students of universities and masters.
Published in authorial release.
UDC 070
LBC 76.01
ISBN 978-601-04-3558-2 © Salkhanova Z.Kh., Tapanova S.E., 2020
© KazNU after al-Farabi, 2020
2
There are proposed materials for the students of 5V050400
“Journalism” faculty studying in the sphere of “the language of the
media and style” which are made due to credit system including me-
thods and studio materials.
The purpose of these educational materials is to give deep know-
ledge for future journalists in use publicist genre and style, having
the ability to see the peculiarity of language style, being able to use
appropriate words in the right way. It is important to encourage stu-
dents in order to pay attention to master in choosing right words, also
we will show the main principal rules and obligations with lexical,
grammatical, syntaxes sight as well as in written and oral way.
Every newspaper has its own rules. Language skill, peculiarity
of the style improve the quality of the magazine and clearly distin-
guish you from other journalists. So it is vitally important to pay
attention to the language and style for future journalists.
The subject “ language of the media and style” is considered to
be the continuation as well as of “Introduction in journalism”, “pub-
licist genre” and “literary-journalistic satire and genres” which justi-
fy future journalists in theory and practice.
In the process of studying future journalists should differentiate
the peculiarity the genre and style of the language. While writing the
material every journalist should be able to choose an appropriate
word using special methods. You may use proverbs and idioms but
keeping the meanings, also studying phrasal words and lexicon of
our mother tongue language.
Competence of the discipline:
‒ You will criticize by practical skills and writing peculiarity.
‒ During studio lessons you will learn to use appropriate words
in journalistic genre in compliance with the style.
Having recognized by foreign and local literature such as “The
independent Kazakhstan”, “Almaty evening”, “Astana evening”,
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“Zhash Alash”, “Aikyn”, “Turkistan”, republican policy, history,
agriculture, economy, analyze the materials which were published
daily on the state of the market determines the conditions that affect
on the formation of individual style.
Education materials were collected for the students of High
educational institutions, undergraduates, as well as the young scien-
tists who did research in this area and for the majority of readers.
Abstracts of lectures according to the subject of discipline and
guidelines on the course:
Guidelines for preparation of lecture notes:
‒ It should be given a common understanding in studying the
outline.
‒ It should be focused not on the facts of lecture contents but on
the developing of science and on the methodology of the discipline.
‒ It should be given the reference that reveal the contents of the
lecture and textbooks.
‒ Abstract guidelines should be focused on the student's indivi-
dual work.
‒ The lecture should be expressed on scientific style, using
scientific terms, logic, evidence and specific definitions and should
avoid concepts uncertainties.
‒ The content of the lecture must be compact, because it is
based by making reference to the list of additional literature and on
the Internet materials so the student’s independent work is carried
out.
‒ Each lecture on the topic should be organize according to fol-
lowing information: title, purpose, a list of questions, a list of basic
concepts, a list of literature for independent work of students and at
the end of the lecture it abstract conclusions are given.

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Purpose: To master the language and style of the newspaper.

Plan:
1. The development of the Kazakh language (press).
2. The language of printing sheets and peculiarity of original literary language.
3. According to the scientists, style and definitions.

The basic concepts:
Language (press), style (scientific, official papers, journalistic), newspapers,
magazines, media, journalism, basics of language, articles, borrowed words,
translation.

References:
1. Balakayev M., Syzdykova P., Zhanpeisov E. The history of Kazakh literary
language. – Almaty, 2000.
2. Abylkasimov B. The first Kazakh language newspapers. – Almaty, 2001.
3. Isayev S. The issue of Kazakh linguistics. – Almaty, 2008.
4. Momynova B. The lexicon of newspaper. – Almaty, 1999.

Success came to the light for the first time when “Turkistan
Ualayati gazeti” in 1870 year in Tashkent, also “Dala ualayati ga-
zeti” in 1888 in the city Omsk, also “Independent Kazakhstan”, “The
Kazakh literature”, “Star”, “Jalyn” were pressed having deep history
in development.
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The history of pressing of Kazakh language came before the re-
volution, and their peculiarity were observed like an object from the
each point.
The language of the press is the written language. In any century
the language of the print media not only use the language of the
simple nation but also influence on its developing and wealth. Voca-
bulary of nationwide language, understanding lexicon of separate
words, using words according to the level considered to be the
language of the press.
Kazakh language of the print media not formed and appeared for
the first time. and it can not happen without any evidence. Even if
the language of the print media is connected with the birth of
newspapers and journals on Kazakh language it can not be deviated
from the norms of written language of ancient periods. At the
beginning of the end of the nineteenth century and early twentieth
century you could come across with the current total non-literary
standards in the print media, which were characterized by elements
of the language and spoken language like elision phenomena which
lead to a certain extent, and it is not by chance. (Eliziya on Latin
elision n – reset repression. For example, bara almadi-baralmadı).
There were masterpiece in the nationwide language which can
demonstrate the various features of the genre before the birth of the
Kazakh-term national press that are primarily rich oral versions,
different creations of poets-zhyrau and also medieval "Turkic literary
language" which keep main traditions any of various recording
options (annals, official records, letters, etc.) that would be
considered. On the one hand because of these point, on the other
hand it is the influence of oral speech on the press.
The language does not create by one person. The language is
closely related to the history of the whole population of the historical
category. If so, the language of individual writers, ideological
orientation and "bookish language" should not confuse the concepts.
When it comes to book the tradition of the language often does
not meet the standards of modern literary language from lexical and
phonetic and grammatical points. The rest, many of them ancient and
under the influence of foreign languages, such as language elements.
These materials came to the light before the revolution but these
phenomena doesn’t suit to Kazakh literary language, Arabian, Iran
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languages couldn’t penetrate in character of national words, going
out with the use of archaic words, the neighboring Turks (Uzbeks,
Tatars, etc.) those specific languages, grammar and language models
are defined as the bookish language. There are many opinions about
the character of written letters which rely to ancient times especially
books and some letters which came to the light before the revolution.
For instance, S.E. Malov consider the language of the book "bookish
Muslim Tatar slang" but academician W.Radloff "Kazakh literary
language didn’t exist before the revolution, and books written in the
Kazakh language" much varied with numerous mixture language" (3).
Scientists A. Qurısjanov added his points above all: “Having
found the way to heart of ordinary people mullah encouraged them
penetrating suffixes to oral language. In addition, the Tatar language
with other Turkic languages such as “The Wall”, “holly” caused by a
mixture of the language with no test, scientist, critic of literature B.
Kenzhebayev: ‘Even educated Muslim people didn’t get properly not
saying about society’ said so (3). The journalist-scientist R.Sizdikova
said that sometimes this language didn’t seem to be literary langua-
ge, there weren’t any kept language rules and normal, there are many
samples which came from Arabic-Persian languages, Tatar languages
which invaded their construction on the language before Abai’s cen-
tury (3).
In conclusion, it worth to say that the Kazakh language works
came to the light with the field of access languages “medieval Turkic
literary language” before the revolution, and it is scientifically pro-
ven that Kazakh language include itself a large numbers of Turkish
elements.
To this day, “Qissas-ul-Anbiyasi by Rabguzi”, “Baburnama” by
Babur, “Shezhire-and-Turki” by Abilgazi and others many ancient
heritage came to the nation named “Turkish works”. In other words,
all the Turkic speaking nations will be able to get and read.
The language of Kazakh media press loan worded some words
from in Arabic, recording some of the words from the Iranian lan-
guages in some ancient letters were used insignificantly, the langua-
ge was not absorbed to literary language, but newspapers and maga-
zines tried to adapt such kind of elements to literary language. In a
certain period of periodic press some borrowed words were used by
the majority of individuals, some of them infiltrated to literary lan-
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guage, and in the further they were used in the media press. Such
borrowed words from Arabic, Iranian languages has been changed
while printing on the press. There has been used such kind of words
depending on political and social life: nizam, the crowd, interests, ideals,
statements, education, medicine, words depending on the day-to-day
life: law, conscience, order, matbugat (newspaper, magazine press),
science, conference, tabіb (doctor), qіraat, nіsaap, oil, marhaba.
There is a connection between media press and literary language
although the first one not only use ready structure of the language but
gives as well and influence on the language like a phenomena.
Changing in language happens when new words has been used
in the daily speech. But these news are not absorbed by the usage of
one person.
It needs some time before it is absorbed to literary language and
needs to take stable place. Only after such testing language is used
between people who are in daily relationships gradually stopping to
be news.
This process goes through all steps of society development. Be-
cause with the development of society the language develops as well.
This language become firmly established in the literary language at a
later stage, serving the needs of the linguistic, like a phenomena
found the place in the media press after normalizing and founding
transfers to literary language. There are many such linguistic ele-
ments and even signs in the modern literary language.
It does not matter what nation to point but no one use full voca-
bulary. As well as invasion of certain words and grammatical forms,
which cannot transfer a national features such words are used only in
the written literary language. Sometimes you may come across with
other options in the daily speech.
The whole vocabulary is not always used in the daily speech,
even you may not meet the synonyms of these words in other langua-
ges because they are not used or direction are different that’s why
you cannot get the meaning of grammatical points as well as parts of
the speech. So such kind of words and grammatical points are called
“bookish language”. In general, the issue of media press in impro-
ving the culture of the language, and written forms should be not
only right from grammar points and vocabulary also should be com-
petent in using the correct style.
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Today’s press start adapting to globalization, it should be write
not only good current news but the truth with no exaggeration and
importance of reader’s opinion. Thus, freedom of speech is modern
nowadays.
Despite on short existence, media press , especially the journal
“Aikap” reflects the Kazakh literary language, further developments
of its best traditions, the formation of a national language in some
style points creating huge vocabulary with terms. Obviously, the
relationships between Kazakh and Russian started many years ago as
well as switching and interchanging the words. Many elementary
Russian words absorbed to our language because of close relation-
ships from the one point as well as in the written form. For example,
education stuff, science and technology, cultural affairs: a student, a
school, a microscope, a doctor, music, newspapers, journals, elec-
tricity and others. Related to the administrated management of the
country: the region, the Commission, ministers, advisers so on. In
addition, the meaning of such words like an article, a chairman, the
commission, an income is not used in the speaking. Not all grammar
and phonetic of Russian borrowed words are uniform. It is possible
to see some phonetic differences in some Russian words.
In Kazakh you may meet such words like: “tauar”, “nesie”,
“kamesie”, “istatie”, “botelke”, “boshke”, “kureshke”, “kalosh” ,
“kartishke”, “kilonke”, “otek”, “lampishke”, “panar”, “paner”,
“partpel”, “romke”, “sarapan”, “tarelke”, “shapke”, “shainek”,
“ishkap”, “unkagaz”, “unzhariya”. Media press try to transfer the
meaning of these borrowed words to national language. The words
like : “zauit” are naturally formed not because of getting rid of the
sound “v”. “Zauit, fabrika” are Kazakh workers which were used
during Tsar’s Russia. But the word “Tauar” is ours definitely. We are
today’s generation only remind these words to others. Such words
like “minot”, “nomir”, “sotke”, “somke”, “ustel”, “shopir”, “she-
neunik” are used orally and at the same time in the written form.
The twentieth century were pushed to wake up the spirit of
Kazakh country. During this period, a wide variety of social and
political changes had led to a lot of news in public life. Along with
people's consciousness the publishing developed widely as well. The
history of the Kazakh press seem to be the evidence of this process.
It is known that language play an important role in the life of society
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influencing on interactions, both understandings. Therefore, in order
to learn the language and express an acute thought you have to be
familiar with stage of its development, with the current status,
wealth, with the basic principles. Therefore, there are some issues
that should not be left outside of the main ones like the formation of
the language in the press, comprehensive analysis of the grammatical
structure, the process of creation of the same vocabulary and etc.
Every newspaper has its style and language. Style it is the author
himself. Style is formed according to natural talent of the writer.
There are many opinions and definitions of scientists about the
language and style by A.Baitursynov, Q. Jumaliev, K.Zhubanov
East, T.Amandosov T.Qojakeyev P.G.Pwstovoyt É.D.Rozental,
A. Blok, M.Balakaev, R. Syzdykova etc. Many researchers give the
meaning of the style in different concepts: the language style and the
style of speech. In this connection, depending on the type of langua-
ge researchers differentiate them in written language – written style,
speaking language– speaking style or literary language style.
According to the words of K. Zhumaliev “Style is the pecu-
liarity of art. Style shows the peculiarity of the work and his own
sign. There are 2 types of the style:
1. Scientific style give the objective information about the
nature, human beings and society. They are used widely in scientific
works and stories. There are two type of functions:
а) the supply of scientific information but that information
should proof the reality of the news: b) to increase logical thinking of
the reader and listener
2. The official paper of the style include international treaties,
acts, regulations, instructions speaking style. There are 3 mini style
in the style of the paper: a) clean style of a small law (law and order,
civil and criminal acts); b) administrative and consulting services for
small, formal style (judgment, order, statement, biography, power of
attorney, receipts); b) a small diplomatic official style (summaries,
convention, agreement).
3. Journalistic style serve as a social style has the effect of
making the reader or listener. Media reports of the meeting of the
Meeting sentence refers to the language of this style. Journalistic
style serves the following: a) information; b) an explanation of the
message to the customer; informative and educational.
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