The Laboratory Rat (American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine)

929 Pages·2005·17.39 MB·English

by  Mark A. Suckow

The Laboratory Rat

THE LABORATORY RAT
E D I T E D B Y
Mark A. Suckow Steven H. Weisbroth Craig L. Franklin
UniversityofNotreDame Anmed/Biosafe UniversityofMissouri-Columbia
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1.Ratsaslaboratoryanimals. I.Suckow,MarkA.II.Weisbroth,
StevenH.III.Franklin,CraigL.
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Contents
ListofContributors vii
Preface xi
Foreword xiii
1. Historical Foundations 1 9. Nutrition 219
J. Russell Lindsey and Henry J. Baker Sherry M. Lewis, Duane E. Ullrey,
Dennis E. Barnard, and Joseph J. Knapka
2. Ethical and Legal Perspectives 53
10. Housing and Environment 303
Beverly J. Gnadt
Robert E. Faith and Jack R. Hessler
3. Taxonomy and Stocks and Strains 71
11. Bacterial, Mycoplasmal and Mycotic Infections 339
Hans J. Hedrich
Steven H. Weisbroth, Dennis F. Kohn, and
Ron Boot
4. Morphophysiology 93
John Hofstetter, Mark A. Suckow, and
12. Viral Disease 423
Debra L. Hickman
Robert O. Jacoby and Diane J. Gaertner
5. Clinical Pathology of the Rat 127
13. Parasitic Diseases 453
Bruce D. Car, Vicki M. Eng,
Nancy E. Everds, and Denise I. Bounous David G. Baker
6. Reproduction and Breeding 147 14. Neoplastic Disease 479
Jeffrey J. Lohmiller and Sonya P. Swing Gary A. Boorman and Jeffrey I. Everitt
7. Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Genetic 15. Metabolic, Traumatic, and Miscellaneous
Modifications in Rats 165 Diseases 513
Yuksel Agca and John K. Critser William W. King and Steven P. Russell
8. Analysis of Behavior in Laboratory Rats 191 16. Medical Management and Diagnostic
Approaches 547
Ian Q. Whishaw, Forrest Haun,
Valerie Bergdall, and Bryan Kolb Glen Otto and Craig L. Franklin
v
vi CONTENTS
17. Occupational Health and Safety 565 24. The Nude Rat 733
Sanford H. Feldman and David N. Easton Martha A. Hanes
18. Experimental Modeling and Research 25. Gerontology and Age-Associated Lesions 761
Methodology 587
Nancy L. Nadon
Michael A. Koch
26. Cardiovascular Research 773
19. Anesthesia and Analgesia 627
Peter G. Anderson, Sanford P. Bishop,
George A. Vogler and J. Thomas Peterson
20. Euthanasia and Necropsy 665 27. Toxicology 803
Jeffrey I. Everitt and Thomas E. Hamm, Mary Ann Vasbinder,
Elizabeth A. Gross and Angela King-Herbert
21. Integrating Biology with Rat 28. Embryology and Teratology 817
Genomic Tools 679
Carol Erb
Carol Moreno-Quinn and
Howard J. Jacob
29. Immunology 847
Veronica Jennings and Dirck Dillehay
22. Gnotobiotics 693
Philip B. Carter and Henry L. Foster
30. Wild and Black Rats 865
Marc Hulin and Robert Quinn
23. Spontaneous, Surgically and
Chemically Induced Models of Disease 711
Appendix 883
Dwight R. Owens SubjectIndex 885
List of Contributors
YUKSEL AGCA (7), Comparative Medicine Center, College JOHN K. CRITSER (7), Comparative Medicine Center,
of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri,
East Rollins Road, Columbia, MO 65211 1600 East Rollins Road, Columbia, MO 65211
PETER G. ANDERSON (26), Department of Pathology, DIRCK DILLEHAY (29), Division of Animal Resources,
University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead
Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294-0019 Biomedical Research Building, 615 Michael Street,
Suite GO2, Atlanta, GA 30322
HENRY J. BAKER (1), Scott-Ritchey Research Center,
College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, DAVID N. EASTON (17), MPH, CIH, NW Regional
Auburn, AL 36849 Industrial Hygienist Northwest Regional Emergency
Preparedness and Response Team, Virginia Department
DAVID G. BAKER (13), Division of Laboratory Animal
of Health, 671 Berkmar Court, Charlottesville, VA
Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana
22901
State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
DENNIS E. BARNARD (9), NIH/ORS/DIRS/VRP, Building VICKI M. ENG (5), Princeton University, 1-S-15 Green
14G, Room 106A, Bethesda, MD 20892-5590 Hall, Princeton, NJ 08530
VALERIE BERGDALL (8), ULAR Department of Veterinary CAROL ERB (28), Pfizer, Inc., Global Research and
Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Development, Drug Safety Evaluation, 2800 Plymouth
400 W. 12th, Room 115, Columbus, OH 43210 Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
SANFORD P. BISHOP (26), Department of Pathology, NANCY E. EVERDS (5), Stine-Haskell Research Center,
University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University DuPontHaskellLaboratory,1090EltonRoad,POBox50,
Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294-0019 Newark,DE19714-0050
GARY A. BOORMAN (14), Veterinary Medical Officer, JEFFREY I. EVERITT (14, 20), GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore
NIEHS NCT TOX/PATH WORKING GROUP P.O. BOX Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
12233,ResearchTrianglePark,NC27709
ROBERT E. FAITH (10), Medical College of Wisconsin,
RON BOOT (11), National Institute of Public Health and Animal Resource Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road,
the Environment, Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Milwaukee, WI 5322
Diseases and Screening, Section of Laboratory Animal
Microbiology, PO Box 1, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, SANFORD H. FELDMAN (17), Center for Comparative
The Netherlands Medicine, University of Virginia, Health Sciences
Center, PO 450, Charlottesville, VA 22908
DENISEI.BOUNOUS(5),Bristol-MyersSquibb,DrugSafety
Evaluation and Discovery Toxicology, Province Line HENRY L. FOSTER (22), Charles River Laboratories, Inc.,
Rd. and Route 206, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000 251 Ballardville St., Wilmington, MA 01887
BRUCE D. CAR (5), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety CRAIG L. FRANKLIN (16), Department of Veterinary
Evaluation and Discovery Toxicology, Province Line Pathobiology,E111-1Vet.Med.,UniversityofMissouri,
Rd. and Route 206, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000 1600 E. Rollins, Columbia, MO 65211
PHILIP B. CARTER (22), North Carolina State University, DIANE J. GAERTNER (12), University Laboratory Animal
School of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Resources, 423 Guardian Drive Building 30, University
Street, Raleigh, NC 27606 of Penssylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
vii
viii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
BEVERLY J. GNADT (2), Division of Animal Resources, MICHAEL A. KOCH (18), Covance Laboratories, 3301
8611 SUNY, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704-2595
11794-8611
DENNISF.KOHN(11),InstituteOfComparativeMedicine,
ELIZABETH A. GROSS (20), CIIT Center for Health Columbia University, 630 W. 168th St., New York,
Research, 6 Davis Drive, P.O. Box 12137, Research NY 10032
Triangle Park, NC 27709
BRYAN KOLB (8), Department of Psychology and
THOMAS E. HAMM (27), 105 Martinique Place, Cary, NC Neuroscience,UniversityofLethbridge,4401University
27511 Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K3M4 Canada
MARTHA A. HANES (24), Integrated Laboratory Systems, SHERRY M. LEWIS (9), Office of Scientific Coordination
Inc.,P.O.Box13501,ResearchTrianglePark,NC27709 National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson,
AR 72079
FORREST HAUN (8), NeuroDetective Inc., 1757 Wentz
Road, Quakertown, PA 18951 J. RUSSELL LINDSEY (1), Department of Comparative
Medicine, University of Alabama Medical Center,
HANS J. HEDRICH (3), Department of Laboratory Animal 402 Volker Hall, 1670 University Blvd., Birmingham,
ScienceandCentralAnimal Facility, HannoverMedical AL 35294-0019
School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, D-30625,
Germany JEFFERY J. LOHMILLER (6), Assistant Director, Genetics
and Quality Control, Taconic Farms, 273 Hover
JACKR.HESSLER(10),20917SunnyacresDr.,Laytonsville, Avenue, Germantown, NY 12526
MD 20882-1248
CAROL MORENO-QUINN (21), Medical College of
DEBRAL.HICKMAN(4),PortlandVeteransAdministration Wisconsin, Human and Molecular Genetics Center,
Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
Portland, OR 97239
NANCY L. NADON (25), Office of Biological Resources
JOHN HOFSTETTER (4), Indiana University School of and Resource Development, National Institute on
Medicine, 1120 South Drive, Fesler Hall 302, Aging, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, GW 2C231, Bethesda,
Indianapolis, IN 46202-5114 MD 20892
MARC HULIN (30), Merck Research Labs - San Diego, GLEN OTTO (16), Department of Comparative Medicine,
MRLSDB1, 3535 General Atomics Ct., San Diego, CA Stanford University, Quad 7, Building 330, Stanford,
92121 CA 94305-5410
HOWARD J. JACOB (21), Medical College of Wisconsin, DWIGHT R. OWENS (23), Charles River Laboratories, Inc.,
Department of Physiology, 8701 Watertown Plank 251 Ballardville St. WILMINGTON, MA 01887
Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0529
J. THOMAS PETERSON (26), Cardiovascular Pharmacology,
Pfizer Global R & D, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor,
ROBERT O. JACOBY (12), Yale University School
MI 48105-2495
of Medicine, 375 Congress Avenue, LSOG Rm. 117,
Comparative Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
ROBERTQUINN(30),DepartmentofLabAnimalMedicine,
SUNY Upstate University, 750 E. Adams Street,
VERONICA JENNINGS (29), Merck Research Laboratories,
Syracuse, NY 13210
Merck&Co.,Inc.,RY80B-100,POBox 2000, Rahway,
NJ 07065-0900 STEVEN P. RUSSELL (15), Research Resources Center,
University of Louisville, Health Sciences Center,
WILLIAMW.KING(15),AssistantVicePresident,Research
Louisville, KY 40292
Services, University of Louisville, School of Medicine,
Louisville, KY 40292 MARK A. SUCKOW (4), University of Notre Dame, 400
Freiman Life Sciences Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556
ANGELAKING-HERBERT(27),LaboratoryofExperimental
Pathology, NIEHS/NTP, PO Box 12233, Mail Drop SONYA P. SWING (6), Consultant Murine Animal Models,
B3-06, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 420 Richmond Dr., SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106
JOSEPH J. KNAPKA (9), 19725 Olney Mill Road, DUANE E. ULLREY (9), 10828 Little Heron Circle, Estero,
Brooville, MD 20833 FL 33928
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ix
MARY ANN VASBINDER (27), GlaxoSmithKline, Inc., 5 STEVEN H. WEISBROTH (11), AnMed/Biosafe, Inc., 7642
Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855
NC 27709-3398
IAN Q. WHISHAW (8), Department of Psychology,
GEORGE A. VOGLER (19), Department of Comparative University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive,
Medicine, St. Louis University, School of Medicine, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K3M4 Canada
1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104-1083