ebook img

The Kv10.1 voltage gated potassium ion channel modulates the cell adhesion and cell migration PDF

128 Pages·2015·22.11 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview The Kv10.1 voltage gated potassium ion channel modulates the cell adhesion and cell migration

The K 10.1 voltage gated potassium ion channel v modulates the cell adhesion and cell migration hallmarks of cancer DoctoralThesis Inpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsforthedegree“Doctorrerumnaturalium(Dr. rer. nat.)”intheMolecularMedicineStudyProgramattheGeorg-AugustUniversity Go¨ttingen submittedby IoannisK.Alexopoulos bornin Chania,Greece Go¨ttingen April2015 Members of the Thesis Committee Prof. Dr. Walter Stu¨hmer, Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max PlanckInstituteofExperimentalMedicine,Go¨ttingen,Germany Prof. Dr. Luis A. Pardo, Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max- PlanckInstituteofExperimentalMedicine,Go¨ttingen,Germany Dr. DieterKlopfenstein,DepartmentofBiophysics,ThirdInstituteofPhysics,Go¨ttingen, Germany DateofDisputation: 15/06/2015 Declaration Iherebydeclarethatthisdoctoralthesishasbeenwrittenindependentlywithnoother sourcesandaidsthanquoted. IoannisK.Alexopoulos Go¨ttingen,April2015 List of Publications 1. A.M.Jime´nez-Gardun˜o,M.Mitkovski,I.K.Alexopoulos,A.Sa´nchez,W.Stu¨hmer, L. A. Pardo, and A. Ortega, “K 10.1 K(+)-channel plasma membrane discrete do- v main partitioning and its functional correlation in neurons.,” Biochim. Biophys. Acta,vol. 1838,no. 3,pp. 921–931,Nov. 2013. 2. SchanilaNawaz,PaulaSa´nchez,SebastianSchmitt,NicolasSnaidero,MisˇoMitkovski, CarolineVelte,BastianRouvenBru¨ckner,IoannisAlexopoulos,TimCzopka,Sang Yong Jung, Jeong Seop Rhee, Andreas Janshoff, Walter Witke, Iwan AT Schaap, David A. Lyons, Mikael Simons, “Actin filament turnover drives leading edge growth during myelin sheath formation in the central nervous system”, [Submit- ted] 3. I. K. Alexopoulos, L. A. Pardo, W. Stu¨hmer, M. Mitkovski, “K 10.1 overexpres- v sion enhances cell migration, while reducing cell-cell and cell-surface adhesion”, [WorkingTitle-UnderPreparation] 4. I. K. Alexopoulos, K. Bro¨king, L. A. Pardo, W. Stu¨hmer, M. Mitkovski, “Cell mi- gration is affected by the level and the pattern of laser energy dosage”, [Working Title-UnderPreparation] 5. I. K. Alexopoulos, W. Stu¨hmer, M. Mitkovski, “ProRet: A novel algorithm to dynamically quantify surface adhesion ability from Interference Reflection Mi- croscopydata”,[WorkingTitle-UnderPreparation] Contents Contents Acknowledgments iv Abstract v ListofFigures vi ListofTables viii ListofAbbreviations ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Ionchannels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 K 10.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 v 1.2.1 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2.2 Sequenceandstructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2.3 Electrophysiologicalproperties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.4 Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 Cellmigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.1 Significance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.2 Typesofcellmigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.3 Ionchannelsandcellmigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.4 Primarycilia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.4 Cell-celladhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.5 Cell-surfaceadhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.6 Acquisitionsettingsandcellmigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.7 Scratchassay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.8 Interferencereflectionmicroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.8.1 IRMprinciple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.8.2 Quantification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.9 TIRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2 Materials&Methods 20 2.1 Celllinesmanipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.1.1 Celllines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.1.2 Normalculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.1.3 Transfection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.1.4 CellSorting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.2 Electrophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.3 Molecularbiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.3.1 RNApurification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.3.2 ReversetranscriptasePCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.3.3 Real-timePCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.4 Biochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.4.1 Proteinextraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.4.2 Proteinquantification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.4.3 SDS-PAGEproteinseparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 i Contents 2.4.4 Fluorescentdetectionfromgel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.4.5 Immunoprecipitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.4.6 Westernblotdetection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.5 Immunocytochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.5.1 Primarycilia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.5.2 Focaladhesionkinase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.5.3 Phalloidinstaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.6 Interferencereflectionmicroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.6.1 Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.6.2 Quantification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.7 Scratchassay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.7.1 Samplepreparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.7.2 Liveimagingconditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.7.3 Microscopesettings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.8 Cellsurfaceadhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.8.1 Samplepreparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.8.2 Cell-surfaceadhesionability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.8.3 Cell-surfaceadhesiondynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.8.4 TIRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.9 Imageanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.9.1 Scratchassay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.9.2 ScratchassaywithIRM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.9.3 Individualcelltrackingmeasurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.9.4 Cell-surfaceadhesionability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.9.5 Cell-surfaceadhesiondynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.10 Stimulation/acquisitionsettingseffect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.10.1 Lasermeasurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.10.2 Samplepreparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.10.3 Microscopesettings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.10.4 Imageanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 2.11 Statisticalanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3 Results 46 3.1 Electrophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.2 Molecularbiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.3 Biochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.3.1 Fluorescentdetectionfromgel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.3.2 ImmunoprecipitationandWesternblot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.4 K 10.1localization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 v 3.5 Cellmigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3.5.1 Effectofstimulation/acquisitionsettingsonscratchclosurespeed 51 3.5.2 K 10.1increasesscratchclosurespeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 v 3.5.3 EffectofK 10.1onindividualcellmigration . . . . . . . . . . . 54 v 3.6 Ciliaformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 3.7 Cell-celladhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3.8 Cell-surfaceadhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3.8.1 Adhesiveareaatmigrationfront . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 ii

Description:
11 Manual tracking of cells migrating in a scratch . 3http://fiji.sc/Trainable Weka Segmentation. 38 tation in segmental-type vitiligo.'.
See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.