The Juvenile Hormones

581 Pages·1976·12.561 MB·English

by  C. M. Williams (auth.), Lawrence I. Gilbert (eds.)

THE
JUVENILE
HORMONES
THE
JUVENILE
HORMONES
Edited by
Lawrence I. Gilbert
Northwestern University
Evanston, Illinois
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 76-21097
ISBN 978-1-4684-7949-2 ISBN 978-1-4684-7947-8 (eBook)
DOl 10.1007/978-1-4684-7947-8
Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Chemistry, Metabolism,
and Modes of Action of the JuvenBe Hormones of Insects held at
Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, November, 1975
© 1976 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1976
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publlsher
Preface
The juvenile hormones of insects are unique molecules in terms
of their chemical nature (methyl esters of sesquiterpene epoxides)
and action (both as modulators of morphogenesis during the larval
life of insects and as a gonadotropic agent in many female adults).
Although a symposium dedicated to the chemistry, metabolism and
effects of juvenile hormone at a number of levels would be merited
on the basis of its interest to the chemist, physiologist, endo
crinologist, developmental biologist and entomologist, the juvenile
hormones are special in the sense that juvenile hormone mimics
(juvenoids, insect growth regulators, analogs) are currently being
utilized to control various insec.t pests. Indeed, a number of
commercial firms are currently developing new compounds with juven
ile hormone activity that might possess a narrow spectrum of acti
vity and which would be relatively biodegradable. Thus, a symposium
on the juvenile hormones is also merited on a practical basis since
juvenoids are already becoming constituents of our environment and
it is apparent that in order to design effective mimics of the
natural juvenile hormones, o~e should understand the means by which
juvenile hormone elicits its effects.
As will become evident to the reader, the great majority of
data presented at this symposium have not been published previously
and the symposium itself was organized along natural divisions
dealing with the chemistry, metaoolism and multi-level modes of
action of the juvenile hormones. Special lectures were presented
by Professors C.M. Williams, B.W. O'Malley and W.S. Bowers, the
latter for the first time presenting-his studies elucidating the
structure and effects of the first natural products with anti
juvenile hormone activity. Three papers are included in the volume
that were not presented at the symposium because the author was
invited but unable to attend (Sehnal; Trautmann) or because lack
of program time prevented the presentation of his work (Yagi). At
the beginning of each section the session chairman has summarized
the papers presented in his session and in some cases has critically
reviewed the research area. It is hoped that this will be of some
use to the reader.
v
PREFACE
This symposium was made possible by a major contribution from
The Roche Institute of Molecular Biology (Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc.)
and lesser but critical contributions from Ciba-Geigy, Zoecon Corp.,
FMC Corp., Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Labs., Plenum Press and
Waters Associates. I wish to thank my students (J. Wielgus,
S. Smith, R. Vince. P. Johnston, K. Katu1a) for their expert
handling of both transportation and slide projection. A special
note of gratitude is due my secretary, Pauline Bentley, who contrib
uted significantly to the organization of this important scientific
meeting and who did the complete typing of these proceedings.
Finally, in a professional sense I dedicate this symposium to
Sir Vincent Wigglesworth who has made enormous contributions to
this research area and who was unable to join us at Lake Geneva in
November, 1975. In a personal sense I dedicate this volume to my
wife, Doris P. Gilbert, who has made enormous contributions to me.
Lawrence I. Gilbert
Evanston, Illinois
February, 1976
Contents
INTRODUCTORY LECTURE
Juvenile Hormone •••• In Retrospect and in Prospect 1
Carroll M. Williams
I. CHEMISTRY OF THE JUVENILE HORMONES AND
JUVENILE HORMONE ANALOGS
Summary of Session I 15
John B. Siddall
On the Identity of the Juvenile Hormone in Insects 19
Karl H. Dahm, Govindan Bhaskaran,
Martin G. Peter, Paul D. Shirk,
Ka1pathi R. Seshan, and Herbert Roller
Structure Activity Relationships in Some
Juvenile Hormone Analogs 48
Clive A. Henrick, Gerardus B. Staal, and
John B. Siddall
Pheny1ethers as Insect Growth Regulators:
Laboratory and Field Experiments 61
Rene C. Zurflueh
A Competitive Binding Protein Assay for
Juvenile Hormone • • • • • • 75
Walter Goodman, Walter E. Bollenbacher,
Hedda L. Zvenko, and Lawrence I. Gilbert
II. BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM OF JUVENILE HORMONE
Summary of Session II • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 96
Kenneth J. Judy
vii
viii CONTENTS
Determination of the Physiological Levels of Juvenile
Hormones in Several Insects and Biosynthesis
of the Carbon Skeletons of the Juvenile
Hormones • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 101
David A. Schooley, Kenneth J. Judy, B. John Bergot,
M. Sharon Hall, and Richard C. Jennings
Isolation and Identification of Juvenile Hormones by
Means of a Radioactive Isotope Dilution
Method: Evidence for JH III in Eight Species
from Four Orders • • • • • • • • • • • 118
K.H. Trautmann, M. Suchy, P. Masner,
H.-K. Wipf, and A. Schuler
Enzymatic Synthesis of Juvenile Hormone in
Manduaa sexta • . . . • • . • • . 131
David Reibstein, John H. Law, Stephen B. Bowlus,
and John A. Katzene11enbogen
Farnesenic Acid Stimulation of Juvenile Hormone
Biosynthesis as an Experimental Probe in
Corpus A11atum Physiology 147
Stephen S. Tobe and Grahame E. Pratt
Continuous Monitoring of Juvenile Hormone Release by
Superfused Corpora A11ata of Periplaneta
americana. . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Grahame E. Pratt, Robert J. Weaver,
and Anthony F. Hamnett
III. JUVENILE HORMONE EFFECTS AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL
Summary of Session III • • • • • ••• • • • 179
Noelle A. Granger and Howard A. Schneiderman
Relationship Between DNA Synthesis, Juvenile Hormone,
and Metamorphosis in Galleria Larvae 184
A. Krishna Kumaran
Juvenile Hormone Control of Epidermal Commitment
In vivo and In Vitro • . • • • • 198
Lynn M. Riddiford
Action of Juvenile Hormone on Imaginal Discs of the
Indian Meal Moth • • • • • • • • • • 220
Herbert Oberlander and Donald L. Si1hacek
CONTENTS
Ecdysone Deficiency in Juvenile Hormone Treated
Larvae of the German Cockroach,
BZatteZZa germaniaa (L.) .....• 234
Petr Masner, Walter Hangartner, and Milos Suchy
The Antagonism Between Juvenile Hormone and Ecdysone 252
Markus Lezzi and Christoph Wyss
The Interaction of Juvenile Hormone and Ecdysone:
Antagonistic, Synergistic, or Permissive? 270
Judith H. Willis and Margaret P. Hollowell
The Role of Juvenile Hormone in Diapause and Phase
Variation in Some Lepidopterous Insects • 288
Shigemi Yagi
Action of Juvenoids on Different Groups of Insects 301
Frantisek Sehna1
IV. JUVENILE HORMONE EFFECTS AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL
(BINDING AND TRANSPORT)
Summary of Session IV 323
Hans Emmerich
Interaction of Juvenile Hormone with Binding
Proteins in Insect Hemolymph 327
Karl J. Kramer, Peter E. Dunn, Ronald C. Peterson,
and John H. Law
The Bindi~g of Juvenile Hormone to Larval Epidermis:
Influence of a Carrier Protein from the
Hemolymph of PZodia interpunateZZa 342
Stephen M. Ferkovich, Donald L. Si1hacek,
and Robert R. Rutter
The Binding Protein as a Modulator of Juvenile
Hormone Stability and Uptake 354
Joachim Nowock, Bruce D. Hammock, and
Lawrence I. Gilbert
The Degradative Metabolism of Juvenoids by Insects 374
Bruce D. Hammock and Gary B. Quistad
SPECIAL LECTURE
Discovery of Insect Antia11atotropins 394
William S. Bowers
x CONTENTS
V. EFFECTS OF JUVENILE HORMONE AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL
(PROTEIN SYNTHESIS)
Summary of Session V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
"
James Of eng and
An Analysis of Leucine tRNAs During the Development
of Tenebrio moZitor . . . . • . . . . • . 416
Bradley N. White, Norman J. Lassam,
and Harvey Lerer
The Effects of Juvenile Hormone on Imaginal Discs
of DrosophiZa In Vitro: The Role of the
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis • • • • 432
James W. Fristrom, Carol J. Chihara,
Leonard Kelly, and James T. Nishiura
A Genetic Approach to the Study of Juvenile Hormone
Control of Vitellogenesis in DrosophiZa
meZanogaster . • . • • . . • . . . . . • .. 449
John H. Postlethwait, Alfred M. Handler,
and Patrick W. Gray
Induction of the Insect Vitellogenin In Vivo
and In Vitro . . . . . . . • 470
Franz Engelmann
Juvenile Hormone Induced Biosynthesis of Vitellogenin
in Leucophaea maderae from Large
Precursor Polypeptides • • • • • • • 486
John K. Koeppe and James Of enga nd
Juvenile Hormone Control of Vitellogenin Synthesis
in Locusta migratoria . . . . • • . • 505
Thomas T. Chen, P. Couble, F.L. De Lucca,
and G.R. Wyatt
CONCLUDING LECTURE
Mechanism of Steroid Hormone Action: In Vitro Control of
Gene Expression in Chick Oviduct Chromatin by
Purified Steroid Receptor Complexes • • • • • • 530
Robert J. Schwartz, William T. Schrader,
and Bert W. O'Malley
List of Participants 557
Index • 561
JUVENILE HORMONE ••••• IN RETROSPECT AND IN PROSPECT
C.M. Williams
The Biological Laboratories, Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
RETROSPECTIONS ON THE CONTROL OF THE CORPORA ALLATA
Figure 1 reproduces a summary of endocrine dynamics which,
I venture to think, identifies most of the phenomena that will be
dealt with in this Symposium. For present purposes, let the
endocrine gland be the corpora allata (CA) and the endocrine
agent be juvenile hormone (JH). Attention is directed to the
"controlling mechanisms" modulating in this case the synthesis
and secretion of JH by the CA. Since JH has never been shown to
accumulate in the glands themselves, the indications are that CA
activity is adjusted by the modulation of synthesis rather than
s~cretion (Tobe and Pratt, 1974).
Controlling
mechanisms
I -_
I -_
... --.. SUMMATION
SYNTHESIS --+SECRETION ~UPTAKE BY ~ PRIMARY--"'OF COVERT ~OVERT
OF HORMONE INTO BLOOD', TARGET ORGANS ACTION EFFECTS EFFECTS
i \ \ "' I
/ \ \
/ \ -lI " II
/ \ Uptake by',
/ \ other organs___ ~... I
/ \ --;Inactivation I
+
I \ /
ti ~ .,./ Decoy of
Inactivation Excretion _--------- covert effects
, _____ -;Jf
Fig. 1. A generalized model of the dynamics of hormone action.
(From Ohtaki et al., 1968).