The Jews of Europe around 1400. Disruption, Crisis, and Resilience PDF
Preview The Jews of Europe around 1400. Disruption, Crisis, and Resilience
© 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080 FORSCHUNGEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DER JUDEN Schriftenreihe der Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der Geschichte der Juden e. V. und des Arye Maimon-Instituts für Geschichte der Juden Herausgegeben von Alfred Haverkamp und Sabine Ullmann in Verbindung mit Andreas Brämer, Christoph Cluse, Johannes Hahn und Franz Irsigler Abteilung A: Abhandlungen Band 27 2018 . Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden © 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080 The Jews of Europe around 1400 Disruption, Crisis, and Resilience Edited by Lukas Clemens and Christoph Cluse 2018 . Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden © 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080 Umschlagbild: Siegel der Augsburger Judengemeinde, erstmals 1298 bezeugt. Die Umschrift lautet: S[igillum] IVDEORVM AVGVSTÆ/[קרופ]שוא להק םתוח. Reproduziert mit Genehmigung der Fürstlichen Domänenkanzlei Hohenlohe-Waldenburg. Der Sammelband ist in der DFG-Forschergruppe 2529 »Resilienz« an der Universität Trier entstanden und wurde auf deren Veranlassung unter Verwendung der ihr von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft zur Verfügung gestellten Mittel gedruckt. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at http://dnb.dnb.de For further information about our publishing program consult our website http://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de © Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden 2018 This work, including all of its parts, is protected by copyright. Any use beyond the limits of copyright law without the permission of the publisher is forbidden and subject to penalty. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. Printed on permanent/durable paper. Printing and binding: Hubert & Co., Göttingen Printed in Germany ISSN 2510-2052 ISBN 978-3-447-11121-8 e-ISBN 978-3-447-19808-0 © 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080 Contents European Jewry around : Disruption, Crisis, and Resilience – Problems and Research Perspectives Lukas Clemens and Christoph Cluse ........................................... . Iudei ... reversi sunt: Zur Reorganisation jüdischen Lebens in Aschkenas nach Michael Schlachter ........................................................... Life and Livelihood at Risk: Strategies of Ashkenazi Jews Facing the Threats of the s and s Andreas Weber ............................................................... Kaufmann von Speyer und die Burg Spangenberg: Ein Fall individueller Resilienz im späten . Jahrhundert Jörg R. Müller ................................................................ The ‘Imagined Communities’ of Yom T.ov Lipman Mühlhausen: Heresy and Communal Boundaries in Sefer Niz.z.ah.on Milan Žonca ................................................................ Die jiddischen Texte über die Wiener Gesera von / Simon Neuberg ............................................................. Ashkenazi Immigrants in Northern Italy and their Relations with the Italian Jewish Population, c.– Alessandra Veronese ......................................................... © 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080 VI The Migration of German Jews into Italy and the Emergence of Local Rites of Seli h.ot Recitation Lucia Raspe ................................................................. German Jews and Ashkenazi Ideas in Venetian Crete Rena Lauer .................................................................. Crise de ? Crise de ? Les juifs et la mauvaise réputation dans les conflits sociaux autour de Claude Denjean ............................................................. Paul de Burgos et Profiat Duran déchiffrent Maurice Kriegel ............................................................. The Jews of Marseilles around : Crisis of Decline or Crisis of Adjustments? Juliette Sibon ............................................................... Index of personal names and place-names .................................... © 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080 Preface In July , a research group on ‘Resilience: Phases of Societal Upheaval in Dia- logue between Medieval Studies and Sociology’, funded by the German Research Association (DFG), was inaugurated at the University of Trier. This research group examines social upheavals between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries and in- vestigates whether and how the concept of resilience, initially tailored to examine potentials of coping, adaptation and transformation in contemporary societies, can be transferred to analyses in the Humanities and in Sociology concerning historical constellations. At the same time, the group explores the question whether the empirical and conceptual results of such analyses can be applied to the formation of a typology and the development of a theory relevant for both historical and con- temporary issues. A key element of the research group’s approach is to view ‘re- silience’ not as a property but as a heuristics for examining social processes. The research group research group consists of six individual projects involving sixteen researchers. One of the projects was designed by the two editors of this volume. It is concerned with the options of agency and the resilience strategies of the Jewish religious minority in Ashkenaz during the later medieval period, i.e., the decades after the disruptive persecutions of the mid-fourteenth century. The pro- ject examines the structual conditions, constellations of agents, and precise actions that were needed to secure acceptable conditions for the mid- and long-term con- tinuation of Jewish life in a Christian environment. We think that this focus will help overcome old stereotypes relating to Jews as well as to the later Middle Ages as a period of general ‘crisis’ and decline. The present collection is based on the proceedings of the international con- ference, ‘Europas Juden um : Brüche, Krisen und Resilenz’, gathered at Trier University from September to October, , in preparation of the research group. The introduction and the paper by Michael Schlachter also reflect some of the experience gained during the first year of our project work. On this occasion, we would like to thank all contributors to the present volume as well as those other scholars who helped sharpen our understanding of the issues in discussions at the conference and who are not represented here with papers of their own: Ram Ben-Shalom (Jerusalem), Javier Castaño (Madrid), Jörn R. Christophersen (Trier), Christoph Dartmann (Hamburg), Eva Doležalová (Prague), Alfred Haverkamp (Trier), Eva Haverkamp (Munich), Christian Jörg (Tübingen), Martin Przybilski © 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080 VIII (Trier) and Israel J. Yuval (Jerusalem). More recently, the work of the ‘Resilience’ research group has also contributed to this volume. In particular, Martin Endreß and Benjamin Rampp (Trier) have helped us dealing with some of the theoretical issues. We are also grateful to the great team of the Forschungszentrum Europa of Trier University for their support in organizing the conference as well as for helping to get the successful research group application under way. In particular, we would like to single out Dr Gisela Minn in this context. Some of our graduate and under- graduate students have helped in the smooth running of the conference, including Sarah Jochum (Trier), Andreas Lehnertz (now in Jerusalem), Daniel Schneider (Trier), and David Schnur (now in Schwäbisch-Gmünd). Ivo Köth and Johanna Kappen have assisted in compiling the index to the collection. It is our honourable obligation to thank Professors Sabine Ullmann (Eichstätt) and Alfred Haverkamp (Trier) as well as the other editors of the Forschungen zur Geschichte der Juden series for their close reading of this book and for numerous im- provements they suggested. We also gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the German Research Foundation (DFG) towards printing the volume. Michael Fröhlich of the Harrassowitz publishing house has efficiently seen the book through the final stages of its production. For us, the work on this collection has been highly stimulating. We hope that the reader will find it useful and thought-provoking, too. Lukas Clemens and Christoph Cluse © 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080 European Jewry around : Disruption, Crisis, and Resilience—Problems and Research Perspectives Lukas Clemens and Christoph Cluse Introduction Thirty years ago Israel J. Yuval, in his book on The Religious Leadership of German Jewry in the Late Middle Ages, has first drawn attention to a passage in the book Hadrat Qodesh, composed by an Ashkenazi Jew named Shim‘on b. Shmu‘el in Re- gensburg. The main part of the text was completed in March . Looking back over the recent months, Shim‘on wrote the following: Four miracles the Holy One, blessed be He, performed on us this year. The first miracle: This is the fiftieth year after the great persecutions, and it is written in their manners that they murder Jews every fifty years. The second miracle is that a sect of several thousand people arose, all signed with the cross on white garments, and they raised a banner and wanted to kill Jews. The third miracle is that the sect of the Gei- seler [i.e., of flagellants] emerged; they, too, made a banner for themselves and wanted to kill Jews. The fourth is that the shameful king proceeded against us for some years, and God has delivered us from all this in his mercy and boundless grace.1 1 רשא תולודג תוריזג רחא 'נ תנש התייהש ,ןושארה סנה :הנשה הזב ךרבתי םשה ונל השע םיסנ עברא יכ דגבב םלוכל התייה םינמיס ,םיפלא המכ תכ ודמעש ,ינישה סנה .הנש 'נ לכ לארשי יאנוש גורהל םהיסומינ בותכ יאנוש גורהל םתעדו ,לגד ושע םגו ,רלזייג תכ ידודג ואצי ,ישילשה סנה .לארשי יאנוש גורהל וצרו לגד ושעו ,ןבל םילודגה וידסח בורבו וימחרב [ו]דימ ונליצה םשהו םינש המכ ונילע דמע רשא ,המילכ ךלמ ,יעיברה סנה .לארשי ןמא ודסח ןעמל וימחר בורב דימת ונליצי ןכו .םימוצעהו; Israel J. Yuval, Scholars in their Time: The Religious Leadership of German Jewry in the Late Middle Ages (Jerusalem: Magnes, ), pp. – (in Hebrew); cf. id., ‘Magie und Kabbala unter den Juden im Deutschland des ausgehenden Mittelalters’, in Judentum im deutschen Sprachraum, ed. by Karl E. Grözinger (Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, ), pp. –, at p. (with a German translation). On this © 2018, Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden ISBN Print: 9783447111218 — ISBN E-Book: 9783447198080
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